Anticancer vaccines.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philip J Bergman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(6):1111-9; vi-ii

With the tools of molecular biology and a greater understanding of mechanisms to harness the immune system, effective tumor immunotherapy is becoming a reality. This new class of therapeutics offers a more targeted, and therefore precise, approach to the treatment of cancer. The recent conditional licensure of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine for advanced canine malignant melanoma strongly suggests that immunotherapy can play an extremely important role alongside the classic cancer treatment triad components of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.  相似文献   

Cancer Immunotherapy     

Philip J. Bergman 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2009,24(3):130-136

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Suppressor activity of bovine Fc gamma positive cells during a persistent infection with Mycobacterium avium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C Fossum  R Bergman  B Morein 《Research in veterinary science》1985,38(3):270-274

The cell mediated immune response (CMI) was measured in calves after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium. Using the tuberculin skin test a CMI response could be measured from four to 14 weeks after infection, and with a lymphocyte stimulation (LS) test from six to 40 weeks. One year after infection no CMI response was detected by either of the tests, in spite of the fact that in such calves M avium bacteria could be found in the intestinal lymph nodes at autopsy. After removal of mononuclear cells bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG, the peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a calf infected one year earlier responded to M avium pure protein derivative in the LS test in contrast to lymphocytes obtained from uninfected calves.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic features of lesions detected in horses with tarsal lameness     

E. Raes  H. J. Bergman  B. Van Ryssen  K. Vanderperren  E. Stock  J. H. Saunders 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(2):189-193

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Effects of predation and intraspecific interactions on habitat use and foraging by brown trout in artificial streams   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

L. A. Greenberg  E. Bergman  A. G. Eklöv 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1997,6(1):16-26

Abstract— We studied habitat use, foraging rates and behavior of 10 cm and 12 cm long brown trout, Salmo trutta , at two densities, 1.5 and 3.0 fish. m⁻², in artificial streams that contained either the amphipod, Gammarus pulex , alone or G. pulex together with the piscivore, northern pike, Esox lucius. Gammarus were stocked in and largely restricted to the pools at a density of 128 Gammurus. m⁻² . pool⁻¹ Large trout (12 cm) used pools more and riffles less when small trout (10 cm) were present than when small trout were absent. Small trout consumed fewer Gammarus when together with large trout than when alone, but showed no difference in habitat use in the presence and abscnce of large trout. Habitat use and number of Gammarus consumed per trout were not affected by trout density for either size-class when alone. For both size-classes of trout, use of pools and foraging rates were higher in the absence than in the presence of pike, and pike primarily resided in the pools. The number of aggressive interactions by both size-classes of trout decreased when pike was present. Our results indicate that for habitats that differ in food resources and predation risk, size structure may affect habitat use and foraging by brown trout.  相似文献   

Radiocardiography: A New Method for Studying the Blood Flow Through the Chambers of the Heart in Human Beings     

Prinzmetal M  Corday E  Bergman HC  Schwartz L  Spritzler RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2804):340-341

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Activation of alkanes with organotransition metal complexes     

Bergman RG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4639):902-908

Alkanes, although plentiful enough to be considered for use as feedstocks in large-scale chemical processes, are so unreactive that relatively few chemical reagents have been developed to convert them to molecules having useful functional groups. However, a recently synthesized iridium (lr) complex successfully converts alkanes into hydridoalkylmetal complexes (M + R-H --> R-M-H). This is a dihydride having the formula Cp(*)(L)lrH(2), where Cp(*) and L are abbreviations for the ligands (CH(3))(5)C(5) and (CH(3))(3)P, respectively. Irradiation with ultraviolet light causes the dihydride to lose H(2), generating the reactive intermediate Cp(*)lrL. This intermediate reacts rapidly with C-H bonds in every molecule so far tested (including alkanes) and leads to hydridoalkyliridium complexes Cp(*)(L)lr(R)(H). Evidence has been obtained that this C-H insertion, or oxidative addition, reaction proceeds through a simple three-center transition state and does not involve organic free radicals as intermediates. Thus the intermediate Cp(*)lrL reacts most rapidly with C-H bonds having relatively high bond energies, such as those at primary carbon centers, in small organic rings, and in aromatic rings. This contrasts directly with the type of hydrogen-abstraction selectivity that is characteristic of organic radicals. The hydridoalkyliridium products of the insertion reactions can be converted into functionalized organic molecules-alkyl halides-by treatment with mercuric chloride followed by halogens. Expulsion (reductive elimination) of the hydrocarbon from the hydridoalkyliridium complexes can be induced by Lewis acids or heat, regenerating the reactive intermediate Cp(*)lrL. Oxidative addition of the corresponding rhodium complexes Cp(*)RhL to alkane C-H bonds has also been observed, although the products formed in this case are much less stable and undergo reductive elimination at -20 degrees C. These and other recent observations provide an incentive for reexamining the factors that have been assumed to control the rate of reaction of transition metal complexes with C-H bonds-notably the need for electron-rich metals and the proximity of reacting centers.  相似文献   

Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons     

Bergman TJ  Beehner JC  Cheney DL  Seyfarth RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1234-1236

Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition.  相似文献   

Monoclonal Antibody C219 Immunohistochemistry Against P-Glycoprotein: Sequential Analysis and Predictive Ability in Dogs With Lymphoma   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Philip J. Bergman DVM  MPH  MD    Gregory K. Ogilvie  Barbara E. Powers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(6):354-359

In the present study, the prevalence of positive staining for P-glycoprotein using C219 monoclonal antibody was assessed in 58 tissue samples of high-grade lymphoma from dogs before initiation of chemotherapy. Samples were also evaluated at relapse in 22 dogs, at necropsy in 34 dogs, and at all 3 times in 15 dogs. The frequency of positive staining was significantly higher than that found prior to the initiation of chemotherapy at the following times: relapse ( P = .0001), necropsy ( P < .0001), and both relapse and necropsy ( P < .001, sequential data). The frequency of positive staining prior to the initiation of chemotherapy was significantly inversely related to remission ( P < .001) and survival times ( P = .0012). Similarly, when populations below and above the median initial C219 score were compared with respect to remission and survival times, the population with scores greater than the median had significantly lower remission ( P < .001) and survival ( P = .008) times, respectively. The frequency of positive staining determined at relapse was significantly inversely related to the time from relapse to death ( P = .0102). Similarly, when populations below and above the median relapse C219 score were compared with respect to the time from relapse to death, the population with C219 scores greater than the median had a significantly lower time from relapse to death ( P = .006). It appears that this immunohistochemical methodology may be used as a predictor of remission time, survival time, and the time from relapse to death. Additional studies are required to confirm the usefulness of C219 as a true marker of P-glycoprotein and to evaluate P-glycoprotein as a useful prognostic factor in dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

Presence of a substance in the white skin of young tulip bulbs which inhibits growth ofFusarium oxysporum     

B. H. H. Bergman 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1966,72(3-6):222-230

In field infections of tulip bulbs caused byF. oxysporum, soil temperature, although important, has been proved to be not the decisive factor influencing the moment of infection. The presence in the white skin tissue of young bulbs of a water soluble substance which has a growth inhibiting effect onF. oxysporum in vitro has been demonstrated. Inoculations with the fungus on the white skins were unsuccessful. In the susceptible tulip cultivar so far examined the concentration of this substance in extracts decreases during the last weeks before the bulbs mature. It is suggested that this substance is protecting the susceptible fleshy bulb scales during the greater part of the growth period and that its diminution during the final weeks enablesF. oxysporum to infect the scales during this period.  相似文献