Efficient in vitro multiplication in Ornithogalum ulophyllum Hand.-Mazz. from twin scale explants     

Cigdem Alev Ozel  Khalid Mahmood Khawar  Seher Karaman  Mevlude Alev Ates  Orhan Arslan 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Ornithogalum ulophyllum Hand.-Mazz. with beautiful white flowers is an important medicinal and ornamental plant of the Middle Eastern countries and need exploitation for commercial propagation. The study reports in vitro mass proliferation of bulblets achieved from twin scales and “in vitro regenerated bulblet” explants on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP–NAA. The best regeneration on twin scales and “in vitro regenerated bulblets” was obtained on MS medium containing 2 mg l⁻¹ BAP–0.5 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 2 mg l⁻¹BAP–1 mg l⁻¹ NAA, respectively. However, bulb scales seemed to be more potent for bulblet regeneration. A large number of the developing bulblets rooted on the regeneration medium. Remaining non-rooting bulblets were rooted on MS medium containing 1 mg l⁻¹ NAA. All plants were acclimatized in the environmental chamber for 4 weeks and were transferred to the greenhouse for flowering. Regenerated bulblets developed into morphologically normal plants.  相似文献   

A comparison of the gelling of isubgol,agar and gelrite on in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting of variety Samsun of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)     

Cigdem Alev Ozel  Khalid Mahmood Khawar  Orhan Arslan 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Agar is being used to solidify media for plant tissue culture since long. Both purity and type of agar or gelling agent influence the behaviour and growth of tissues in culture. The study using leaf disc explants of variety Samsun of tobacco compares adventitous shoot regeneration on 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm leaf discs cultured on MSD4X2 medium and rooting on MSO medium gelled with different blends of agar–isubgol, gelrite–isubgol, phytagel–isubgol or isubgol singly. It was found that irrespective of some problems associated with isubgol gel, the maximum number of shoot per explant were recorded on MSD4X2 medium gelled with 7 g/l isubgol. The longest shoots were recorded on MSD4X2 medium gelled with 9 g/l isubgol. Likewise, the highest number of roots were also recorded on MSO medium gelled with 7 g/l isubgol. For a given quantity of a medium, agar, gelrite/isubgol blends are very cheap compared to agar used singly. Moreover, blends of agar/isubgol, gelrite/isubgol gelled at low temperatures indicated safe use of these gels for heat labile substances in genetic transformation or tissue culture experiments. The results emphasized the potential of the isubgol used singly or in combination with agar and gelrite for economic commercial application, replacing the costliest, though not indispensable, gelling agent agar.  相似文献   

Concurrent vaccination of goats with foot and mouth disease (FMD) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) booster vaccines     

Muhammad Khalid Mansoor  Abdullmajeed Hamood Al-Rawahi  Hatim Ali El-Tahir  Badar Al-Faraei  Muhammad Hammad Hussain  Muhammad Nadeem Asi  Ibrahim Al-Hussani  Safwat Sabar 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):1-3

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) remains subclinical and self-limiting in small ruminants, but risk of spread of infection to susceptible cohorts is of great epidemiological significance; therefore, small ruminants must be included in vaccination campaigns in FMD endemic regions. Three groups of goats already immunized against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) were vaccinated with FMD and PPR vaccines alone or concurrently. The specific antibody response against three FMD virus strains and PPR virus were evaluated by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Goats concurrently vaccinated with PPR + FMD vaccines had significantly (p < 0.05) higher antibody titers to two serotypes of FMD virus at 28, 45, and 60 days post-immunization compared to goats vaccinated with FMD vaccine alone, while goats vaccinated with PPR vaccines alone or PPR + FMD vaccines concurrently showed similar antibody kinetics against PPR virus up till 60 days post-vaccination. Overall, antibody kinetic curves for all three tested strains of FMD virus and PPR virus were similar in vaccinated groups during the course of experiment.  相似文献   

Sperm preparation through Sephadex™ filtration improves in vitro fertilization rate of buffalo oocytes          下载免费PDF全文

AU Husna  A Azam  S Qadeer  MA Awan  S Nasreen  Q Shahzad  A Fouladi‐Nashta  M Khalid  S Akhter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):377-384

Routinely, swim‐up method is used to separate high‐quality sperm; however, long processing time and close cell‐to‐cell contact during the centrifugation step are inevitable elements of oxidative stress to sperm. The objective was to evaluate Sephadex^? and glass wool filtration to separate motile, intact and viable sperm for in vitro fertilization in buffalo. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC s) were collected from ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes by aspiration and matured for 24 hr in CO ₂ incubator at 38.5°C and 5% CO ₂. Matured COC s were rinsed twice in fertilization TALP and placed in the pre‐warmed fertilization medium without sperm. Cryopreserved buffalo semen was thawed at 37°C for 30 s and processed through Sephadex^?, glass wool filtration and swim‐up (control). Total and motile sperm recovery rates were assessed, resuspended in fertilization TALP and incubated for 15–20 min in CO ₂ incubator. Samples prepared by each method were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was studied for sperm quality (progressive motility, membrane integrity, viability, liveability), while the other was subjected to co‐incubation with sets of 10–15 in vitro matured oocytes. Data on sperm quality were analysed by ANOVA , while in vitro fertilizing rates were compared by chi‐squared test using SPSS ‐20. Least significant difference (LSD ) test was used to compare treatment means. Glass wool filtration yielded higher total and motile sperm recovery rate, while Sephadex^? filtration improved (p  <  .05) sperm quality (progressive motility, membrane integrity, viability, liveability). Sperm preparation through Sephadex filtration yielded higher in vitro fertilization rate in terms of cleavage rate compared to glass wool filtration and swim‐up (control). In conclusion, cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi buffalo sperm selected through Sephadex filtration showed improved quality and yielded better fertilization rates (cleavage rate) of in vitro matured/fertilized oocytes. Sephadex filtration could be a promising technique for use in in vitro fertilization in buffalo.  相似文献   

Interspecies allometric scaling: prediction of clearance in large animal species: part II: mathematical considerations     

Martinez M  Mahmood I  Hunter RP 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2006,29(5):425-432

Interspecies scaling is a useful tool for the prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters from animals to humans, and it is often used for estimating a first-time in human dose. However, it is important to appreciate the mathematical underpinnings of this scaling procedure when using it to predict pharmacokinetic parameter values across animal species. When cautiously applied, allometry can be a tool for estimating clearance in veterinary species for the purpose of dosage selection. It is particularly valuable during the selection of dosages in large zoo animal species, such as elephants, large cats and camels, for which pharmacokinetic data are scant. In Part I, allometric predictions of clearance in large animal species were found to pose substantially greater risks of inaccuracies when compared with that observed for humans. In this report, we examine the factors influencing the accuracy of our clearance estimates from the perspective of the relationship between prediction error and such variables as the distribution of body weight values used in the regression analysis, the influence of a particular observation on the clearance estimate, and the 'goodness of fit' (R(2)) of the regression line. Ultimately, these considerations are used to generate recommendations regarding the data to be included in the allometric prediction of clearance in large animal species.  相似文献   

Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer     

Baby Shaharoona  Zahir A. Zahir  Azeem Khalid 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(9):2971-2975

Some plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) promote plant growth by lowering the endogenous ethylene synthesis in the roots through their 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity. However, in the vicinity of the roots may decrease the efficiency of these PGPR by stimulating ACC-oxidase activity resulting in greater ethylene production by the roots. This study was designed to assess the performance of PGPR containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize grown in N-amended soil. Several strains of rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase were screened for their growth-promoting activity in maize roots under gnotobiotic conditions. Six strains were selected and their effectiveness in soil amended with N at a concentration of 175 kg ha⁻¹ (1050 mg pot⁻¹) was investigated by conducting a pot trial on maize. Significant increases in plant height, root weight and total biomass were observed in response to inoculation. Based upon the results of pot trials, the three most efficient strains were selected and tested in the field for their effectiveness in the presence and absence of N fertilizer. Results of the field trial revealed that the inoculum performed relatively better in the absence of N-fertilizer application. Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G (N₃) was the most effective strain both in the presence and absence of N fertilizer. Results may imply that even in the presence of optimum levels of nitrogenous fertilizers, inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase activity could be effective to improve the growth and yield of inoculated plants.  相似文献   

Allelic variation and composition of HMW-GS in advanced lines derived from d-genome synthetic hexaploid / bread wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)     

Awais Rasheed  Tariq Mahmood  Alvina Gul Kazi  Abdul Ghafoor  Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(1):1-7

The objective of this study was to identify allelic variations at Glu-1 loci of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advanced lines derived from hybridization of bread wheat and synthetic hexaploid wheats (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD). Locally adapted wheat genotypes were crossed with synthetic hexaploid wheats. From the 134 different cross combinations made, 202 F₈ advanced lines were selected and their HMW-GS composition was studied using SDS-PAGE. In total, 24 allelic variants and 68 HMW-GS combinations were observed at Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci. In bread wheat, the Glu-D1 locus is usually characterized by subunits 1Dx2+1Dy12 and 1Dx5+1Dy10 with the latter having a stronger effect on bread-making quality. The subunit 1Dx5+1Dy10 was predominantly observed in these advanced lines. The inferior subunit 1Dx2+1Dy12, predominant in adapted wheat germplasm showed a comparative low frequency in the derived advanced breeding lines. Its successful replacement is due to the other better allelic variants at the Glu-D1 locus inherited in these synthetic hexaploid wheats from Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; DD).  相似文献   

Sesquiterpenoids and norterpenoids from Vitex negundo     

Zheng CJ  Pu J  Zhang H  Han T  Rahman K  Qin LP 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(1):49-54

Chemical investigation on the seeds of Vitex negundo has afforded a new furan-containing sesquiterpenoid, negunfurol (1), a new norlabdane-type diterpenoid, negundoal (2), and two new norursane-type triterpenoids, negundonorins A (3) and B (4), together with two know compounds, 3-formyl-4,5-dimethyl-8-oxo-5H-6,7-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan (5) and 3-epi-corosolic acid (6). Their structures and configurations were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses on the basis of NMR, IR, and MS data. Compound 3 was strongly cytotoxic against ZR-75-30 cell line with IC₅₀ value of 0.56 ± 0.19 μg/mL, whereas compound 1 was most active against HL-60 cell line with IC₅₀ value of 0.94 ± 0.26 μg/mL.  相似文献   

Acylated flavonol glycoside from Platanus orientalis     

Tantry MA  Akbar S  Dar JA  Irtiza S  Galal A  Khuroo MA  Ghazanfar K 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(2):281-285

The ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanolic extract of Platanus orientalis leaves led to the isolation of new acylated flavonol glycoside as 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol 3-[O-2-O-(2,4-Dihydroxy)-E-cinnamoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, along with seven known compounds. All the compounds were characterized by NMR including 2D NMR techniques. The isolates were evaluated for NF-κB, nitric oxide (NO), aromatase and QR2 chemoprevention activities and some of them appeared to be modestly active.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Toxoplasma gondii</Emphasis> in sheep and goats in Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan     

M. Ramzan  M. Akhtar  F. Muhammad  I. Hussain  E. Hiszczyńska-Sawicka  A. U. Haq  M. S. Mahmood  M. A. Hafeez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1225-1229

Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii Apicomplexa protozoan, is widespread in humans and other animal species, having already been reported in many countries and different climates. In Pakistan, no data is available on this aspect among food animals. This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. A total of 200 serum samples from sheep and goats, were collected from urban area of Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan and tested for Toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. Japan). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 19%. Goats had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) prevalence (25.4%) as compared to the sheep (11.2%); and higher (p < 0.01) in the female (24%) than in the males (19%) for both species. In the present study the male (both in sheep and goat) are found less seropositive T. gondii (OR = 0.23; 99% C.I. = 0.01, 1.81) as compared to female sheep and goat. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in adult sheep than younger animals. Among both the sheep and goats the group from 1–1.5 years are highly seropositive (OR = 1.75; 99% C.I. = 0.47, 6.51) as compared to the group less than one year of age followed by the 2–2.5 years age group (OR = 1.63; 99% C.I. = 0.50, 5.74) whereas group with more than 3 years of age least seropositive.  相似文献