Soil microbial biomass carbon and fatty acid composition of earthworm Lumbricus rubellus after exposure to engineered nanoparticles     

Livia Vittori Antisari  Vito Armando Laudicina  Antonietta Gatti  Serena Carbone  Luigi Badalucco  Gilmo Vianello 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(2):261-269

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Phytochemical study on Datura meteloides L. grown in Egypt. I-Lipids     

M. Saleh 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1973,22(2):129-131

The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ofDatura meteloides L. were examined. Paper chromatography, as well as, the permanganate oxidation and spectrophotometric techniques were applied.The study of the unsaponifiable matter revealed the presence of B-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and dehydrocampesterol.

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Zusammenfassung Die gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren vonDatura meteloides L. wurden untersucht. Papierchromatographie, Permanganat-Oxidation und Spektroskopie waren die Untersuchungsmethoden.Die Untersuchung der unverseifbaren Fraktion ergab die Anwesenheit von B-Sitosterin, Stigmasterin, Kampesterin und Dehydrokampesterin.

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Résumé Les acides gras; saturés et non saturés; de la plantDatura meteloides L. furent étudiés. Les techniques de chromatographie sur papier, oxidation au moyen de permanganate et spectrophotometrie furent appliquées.L'étude de la matière non saponifiable révéla la presence de B-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol et de dehydrocampesterol.

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Citizen science helps assessing spatio‐temporal distribution of sea turtles in foraging areas     

Paolo Casale  Amedeo Ciccocioppo  Giulia Vagnoli  Alessandro Rigoli  Daniela Freggi  Livia Tolve  Paolo Luschi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(1):123-130

1. Spatio‐temporal distribution is fundamental information for species of conservation concern, like sea turtles, that are threatened by anthropogenic activities at sea such as fishing. While coarse‐scale distribution information is available for several sea turtle populations, fine‐scale distribution informing on hot‐spot areas for spatial management is more difficult to obtain.
2. Here a citizen science approach involving tourism boats was undertaken to investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Pelagie Archipelago, located in a major foraging area for this species in the Mediterranean and where high fishing‐induced mortality occurs. The study was designed to provide data of absence and total sampling effort, commonly under‐reported in citizen science studies, allowing comparison among zones and periods. This was complemented by reports from fishing vessels.
3. Tourism boats reported 584 loggerhead turtle sightings during 1718 daily trips and fishing vessels reported 280 loggerhead turtles captured during 1040 fishing days. The results indicate a strong heterogeneous distribution in the Archipelago, with a low turtle occurrence around the main island, Lampedusa, where the highest human presence and activity occur. This may represent rare evidence of displacement behaviour of turtles that is worth further investigation. This also suggests that the current small marine protected area around Lampedusa has a low conservation impact. Zones with higher loggerhead turtle occurrence appear to be in the south and the west parts of the Archipelago, suggesting that spatial management would be possible when relatively small hot‐spots have been identified through specific surveys.
4. This study shows the potential of citizen science for providing preliminary information to guide more demanding and specific investigations. Such an approach may tremendously and rapidly improve the current knowledge on fine‐scale sea turtle distribution in regions with a great extension of coastlines and intensive tourist activities, such as the Mediterranean.

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Novel Approach to Temporal Lobectomy for Removal of a Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog     

Nadia Shihab MA  VetMB  Diplomate ECVN  Brian A. Summers BVSc  PhD  FRCPath  Livia Benigni DVM  CertVDI  Diplomate ECVDI  Holger A. Volk DVM  Diplomate ECVN  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(7):877-881

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Productivity assessment of an intensive whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei farm based on Powersim-simulated growth rates     

Tanjung  Livia Rossila  Prihutomo  Anggoro  Nawir  Fitria  Chrismadha  Tjandra  Widiyanto  Tri 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):2179-2196

The main objective of intensive whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei cultivation is to obtain high productivity to meet market needs. One of the efforts to boost production is to provide optimal feeding to increase the shrimp growth rate. This study analyzes the productivity of an intensive shrimp farm using Powersim simulations based on specific growth rates (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG) to determine the resulting production criteria. The cultivation lasted for 90 days by stocking 16 grow-out ponds with post-larvae (PL10) at a density of 80 PL per m². Shrimp samples were weighed every 10 days after day-30 of culture until harvest. The average productivity obtained from this study was 8.86 t/ha/crop. According to our criteria, this productivity level was low, presumably, due to the low growth rate that may have resulted from low-quality larvae, sublethal nitrite concentrations, low survival rate, and high feed conversion ratio. The SGR-based and ADG-based simulations using Powersim Studio 10 Express confirm the low production, which does not meet the criteria for intensive farming. However, ADG-based simulation shows that the prolonged culture to 126 days results in higher shrimp production and productivity that fall into the lower level of the intensive system. This study also proposes production criteria and productivity ranges for whiteleg shrimp farming.

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A methodological study on participatory barley breeding II. Response to selection     

S. Ceccarelli  S. Grando  M. Singh  M. Michael  A. Shikho  M. Al Issa  A. Al Saleh  G. Kaleonjy  S.M. Al Ghanem  A.L. Al Hasan  H. Dalla  S. Basha  T. Basha 《Euphytica》2003,133(2):185-200

Farmer participation is increasingly seen as a key to develop technologies which are more relevant to farmers' communities. In plant breeding, farmer participation is seen as key to increase the probability of adoption of new varieties. This paper addresses the issue of selection efficiency in participatory plant breeding by testing the effect of selection environment and of who did the selection in one cropping season (1997) on the performance of the selected lines in the following cropping season (1998). Selection environment had a larger effect on response to selection than who did the selection, confirming the importance of decentralized selection. Selections made by the breeder and the farmers in 1997, differed in 1998 for a number of traits, but seldom for grain yield. When the difference for grain yield was significant, breeder's selection was more effective on station, while farmers' selection was more effective in farmers' fields. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to organize a plant breeding program with the objective of adapting crops to a multitude of both physical and socio-economic environments: such a breeding program will, at the same time, increase productivity and stability, enhance biodiversity and produce environmentally friendly cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of the flavonoid pectolinaringenin from Clerodendrum phlomidis against Earias vittella     

Chellaih Muthu  Kathirvelu Baskar  Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu  Abdullah Saleh Al-Khaliel 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):365-372

Fractions derived from Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. F. and isolated compounds from chloroform extract were evaluated against Earias vittella Fab. for their ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities. There were 12 fractions obtained with silica gel column chromatographic techniques using different solvent systems. Among the fractions, fraction 5 recorded maximum ovicidal activity of 68.49% and oviposition deterrent activity of 100% at 1000 ppm concentration followed by 500 ppm concentration. The active fraction was further purified using HPLC. The purified fraction was subjected to UV, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, IR and EI-Mass spectroscopy and their spectral data confirmed the compound pectolinaringenin which belongs to the flavonoids. The compound pectolinaringenin was screened for its ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities. It showed maximum ovicidal activity of 64.29% and oviposition deterrent activity of 100% at 100 ppm concentration against E. vittella. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fractions and isolated compounds from C. phlomidis evaluated against E. vittella for their ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities. The results from the present investigation clearly suggest that the active fraction or the isolated compound could be used to develop a novel pesticidal formulation to control economically important agricultural pests.  相似文献   

Removal of Bisphenol A and 17β-Estradiol by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution: Adsorption and Molecular Modeling     

Qammer Zaib  Iftheker A. Khan  Navid B. Saleh  Joseph R. V. Flora  Yong-Gyun Park  Yeomin Yoon 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3281-3293

Single-walled carbon nanotubes, both before (SWNTs) and after treatment (t-SWNTs) with acidified ammonium persulfate, were successfully used to adsorb bisphenol A (BPA) and 17??-estradiol (E2) from aqueous systems. The surface characteristics of the SWNTs and t-SWNTs were analyzed by measuring their surface charge and by imaging their morphological properties through transmission electron microscopy. The extent of defects on the SWNT scaffold generated through acid etching was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. A total of 19.4, 15.4, and 14.3?mg/g of BPA was adsorbed on SWNTs, while a total of 8.0, 6.4, and 5.1?mg/g was adsorbed on t-SWNTs with a 72-h contact time at 280, 295, and 315?K, respectively. A significantly high fraction of E2 (27.2?mg/g) was absorbed by both SWNTs and t-SWNTs, as compared to BPA. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed using a pseudo-second-order model. Sorption experiments showed that t-SWNTs adsorbed less than half as much BPA as SWNTs, but their E2 adsorption was similar. The sorption mechanism was investigated by performing molecular-level calculations. Adsorption energies calculated using density functional theory show preferential sorption of E2 to SWNTs and graphene (?26.2?kcal/mol on SWNT and ?34.1?kcal/mol on graphene) compared to BPA (?17.1?kcal/mol on SWNT and ?22.5?kcal/mol on graphene), which were consistent with the experimental findings. Thus, ab initio calculations can mechanistically explain the adsorption differences of BPA and E2 on SWNTs.  相似文献   

Supporting operational site‐specific fertilization in rice cropping systems with infield smartphone measurements and Sentinel-2 observations     

Nutini  Francesco  Confalonieri  Roberto  Paleari  Livia  Pepe  Monica  Criscuolo  Laura  Porta  Francesco  Ranghetti  Luigi  Busetto  Lorenzo  Boschetti  Mirco 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(4):1284-1303

Precision Agriculture - Due to the low efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in flooded rice paddies, there is a rising demand for tools able to detect crop nitrogen status in space and time to allow...  相似文献   

Host immune system gene targeting by a viral miRNA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stern-Ginossar N  Elefant N  Zimmermann A  Wolf DG  Saleh N  Biton M  Horwitz E  Prokocimer Z  Prichard M  Hahn G  Goldman-Wohl D  Greenfield C  Yagel S  Hengel H  Altuvia Y  Margalit H  Mandelboim O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5836):376-381

Virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered in herpesviruses. However, their biological roles are mostly unknown. We developed an algorithm for the prediction of miRNA targets and applied it to human cytomegalovirus miRNAs, resulting in the identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB) gene as a top candidate target of hcmv-miR-UL112. MICB is a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKG2D and is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. We show that hcmv-miR-UL112 specifically down-regulates MICB expression during viral infection, leading to decreased binding of NKG2D and reduced killing by NK cells. Our results reveal a miRNA-based immunoevasion mechanism that appears to be exploited by human cytomegalovirus.  相似文献