Comparative efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and diminazene aceturate for the treatment of babesiosis in horses     

Rashid HB  Chaudhry M  Rashid H  Pervez K  Khan MA  Mahmood AK 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(6):463-467

The present work was conducted to study the comparative efficacy of two anti-protozoan (babesicidal) drugs on the recovery and health of horses. A total of 80 horses, showing typical clinical symptoms of the disease, were selected for this study; the presence of babesiosis was confirmed through blood smear examination. These animals were divided into two groups i.e. A and B. Horses of Group A, were treated with diminazene diaceturate, while horses of Group B were treated with diminazene aceturate. Efficacy of the drugs was determined by the reversal of clinical signs and a negative blood smear examination. The efficacy of diminazene diaceturate was demonstrated to be 80% while diminazene aceturate was found to have 90% efficacy against babesiosis.  相似文献   

Impact of starvation on digestive enzymes activities and plasma metabolites in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii,Brandt, 1869)     

Sedigheh Babaei  Abdolmohammad Abedian-Kenari  Mahmood Naseri  Mohammad Ali Yazdani-Sadati  Isidoro Metn 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1689-1699

To increase the current knowledge about the relationship between nutritional status and the digestive capacity of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), we addressed the effect of starvation‐refeeding and macronutrient composition on growth parameters and key digestive enzyme activities in A. baerii. Acipenser baerii juveniles were fed four different diets for 3 weeks, then starved for 2 weeks and allowed to refed for 5 weeks with the same diets. Another group of fish were fed 10 weeks with the corresponding diets. Among 10‐week fed fish, high‐protein diets promoted higher body weight values, while the lowest specific growth rate was observed in fish fed a low‐protein, medium‐carbohydrate, high‐lipid diet (p < .05). At the end of the experiment, in fish refed for 5 weeks following a feeding‐starvation cycle and in 10‐week fed animals, the higher levels of blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were found in fish fed low‐protein diets (p < .05). In all treatments, 2 weeks of starvation decreased α‐amylase activity in the intestine (p < .05), while 4 days of refeeding increased lipase (p > .05) and α‐amylase activity in the intestine as well as pepsin in the stomach (p < .05). Our findings suggest that A. baerii maintains a high capacity to digest proteins and lipids after 2 weeks of starvation and that α‐amylase can be used as an indicator of the nutritional status in fish submitted to starvation‐refeeding cycles. Indeed, refeeding with high‐protein and CHO:L ratio diets after starvation could improve the growth rate of A. baerii in culture.  相似文献   

Genetic connectivity and phylogeography of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) in the western Atlantic Ocean: Implications for conservation management     

Rodrigo R. Domingues  Christine C. Bruels  Otto B.F. Gadig  Demian D. Chapman  Alexandre W.S. Hilsdorf  Mahmood S. Shivji 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(1):102-114

Purification of pea enation mosaic virus and the infectivity of its components     

K. Mahmood  D. Peters 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1973,79(4):138-147

A slightly modified procedure for purifying pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is described. Essential features are the adding of Mg⁺⁺ ions to the extraction buffer and the use of polyethylene glycol for concentrating the virus; Mg⁺⁺ ions seem to protect virus infectivity. Both components of PEMV were found to be infectious. The infectivity of each component in its band on a sucrose gradient was directly proportional to its optical density. The infectivity was not enhanced when both components were simultaneously inoculated ontoChenopodium album. It is concluded that each component carries a complete genome of the virus.Samenvatting Een methode, die was beschreven om erwte-enatiemozaïekvirus (PEMV) te zuiveren, werd gewijzigd. De toevoeging van Mg⁺⁺-ionen bleek gunstig te zijn voor de zuiverheid van het preparaat en voor de infectiositeit van het virus. Het virus kan met polyethyleenglycol worden geconcentreerd zonder dat NaCl behoeft te worden toegevoegd.Gezuiverde preparaten van PEMV bestaan uit twee componenten met sedimentatiecoëfficienten van 107 en 96 S (Fig. 1). Beide componenten bleken na zuivering infectieus te zijn (Tabel 4). Bij scheiding van de componenten op een suikergradiënt waren de optische dichtheid en de infectiositeit van beide componenten op gelijke wijze over de gevormde zones verdeeld (Fig. 2). Bovendien bleek dat de infectiositeit van beide componenten niet kon worden verhoogd door toevoeging van de een aan de ander (Tabel 5).Wanneer het virus op een CsCl-gradiënt werd gecentrifugeerd werd alleen de bodemcomponent teruggevonden. Deze bleek infectieus te zijn. De topcomponent wordt waarschijnlijk vernietigd door CsCl.In de agargeldiffusietoets bleek het virus-antigeen homogeen te zijn. Het virus viel in twee componenten uiteen bij immuno-elektroforese. Mogelijk is dit te verklaren door het bestaan van twee centrifugale componenten.The senior author was a visiting research worker from March 1965 till May 1967.  相似文献   

Denitrification and total fertilizer-N losses from an irrigated cotton field   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

T. Mahmood  R. Ali  M. I. Sajjad  M. B. Chaudhri  G. R. Tahir  F. Azam 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(3-4):270-278

 In a 2-year field study, denitrification loss was measured from an irrigated sandy-clay loam under cotton receiving urea-N at 158–173 kg ha^–1. An acetylene inhibition-soil core method was employed for the direct measurement of denitrification, considering also the N₂O entrapped in the soil. Taking into account the N₂O evolved from soil cores and that entrapped in the soil, a total of 65.7 kg N ha^–1 and 64.4 kg N ha^–1 was lost due to denitrification during the 1995 and 1996 cotton-growing seasons, respectively. Most (>70%) of the denitrification loss occurred during June–August, a period characterized by high soil temperatures and heavy monsoon rains. On average, 35% of the denitrification-N₂O was found entrapped in the soil and the amount of entrapped N₂O was significantly correlated with head space N₂O concentration and with water-filled pore space. ¹⁵N-balance during the 1996 growing season revealed a loss of 71.8 kg N ha^–1. It was concluded that a substantial proportion of the fertilizer-N applied to irrigated cotton is lost under the semiarid subtropical climatic conditions prevailing in the Central Punjab region of Pakistan and that denitrification is the major N loss process under irrigated cotton in this region. Received: 8 March 1999  相似文献   

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) response to diammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate under saline–sodic conditions     

Z. Hussain  R. A. Khattak  M. Irshad  Q. Mahmood 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(3):320-327

Salinity and sodicity are prime threats to land resources resulting in huge economic and associated social consequences in several countries. Nutrient deficiencies reduce crop productivity in salt‐affected regions. Soil fertility has not been sustainably managed in salt‐affected arid regions. Few researchers investigated the crop responses to phosphorus and potassium interactions especially in saline–sodic soils. A research study was carried out to explore the effect of diammonium phosphorus (DAP) and potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown in a saline–sodic field located in Kohat district of Pakistan. The crop was irrigated with ground water with EC_iw value of 2.17–3.0 dS/m. Three levels each of K₂O (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha) as K₂SO₄ and P₂O₅ (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) as DAP were applied. The application of P significantly affected fresh beet and shoot yield while K fertilizers had significant effect on fresh beet yield and ratio of beet:shoot, while non‐significant effects on the fresh shoot were observed. The application of K₁ and K₂ promoted sugar beet shoot yield by 49.2 and 49.2% at P₁ and 64.4 and 59.7% at P₂, respectively over controls. In comparison with controls, fresh beet yield was increased (%) by 15 and 51, 45 and 84, and 50 and 58 for corresponding K₁ and K₂ at P₀, P₁ and P₂, respectively. Addition of P₁ and P₂ increased beet yield by 37 and 47% over control. The shoot [P] (mmol/kg) were achieved as 55.2, 73.6 and 84.3 at P₀, P₁ and P₂, respectively. The shoot [Mg] and [SO₄] tended to decrease with increasing P levels, while [SO₄] was markedly reduced at P₂. The effect of P on leaf [Na] was non‐significant, but increasing levels of K decreased [Na] substantially at P₀ and P₁, but there was no difference in the effect of K level on [Na] at P₂. Consequently, K application reduced leaf Na:K ratios. Fresh shoot yield was weakly associated with leaf [P] (R² = 0.53). The leaf Na:K ratio showed a negative relationship (R² = 0.90) with leaf [K]. A strongly positive relationship (R² = 0.75) was observed between leaf [K] and fresh beet yield. The addition of K₂SO₄ also enhanced [SO₄] and SO₄:P ratios in leaf tissues. The ratio of Na:K in the shoot decreased with increasing K application. These results demonstrated that interactions of K and P could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity and sodicity in soils. This would contribute to the efficient management of soil fertility system in arid‐climate agriculture.  相似文献   

Assessment of Phosphorus Levels in Small Ruminants as Affected by Summer and Winter     

Ansar Mahmood  Dr.Asma Hassan  Iram Maqsood  Tang Li-jie  Syed Mohsin Bukhari  Khalil-Ur-Rehman  and Shahla Andleeb 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2014,21(1):45-51

An experiment was carried out to assess the phosphorus status of free grazing goats at Faisalabad,Pakistan.Samples were collected fortnightly during summer and winter seasons of 2010 from soil and plants.The highest(118±0.54 mg·kg-1)levels of feces phosphorus were recorded in lactating goats during winter and(9.87±0.99 mg·kg-1)in urine of male during winter.Similarly maximum(71.0±0.88 mg·kg-1)phosphorus concentration was observed in the plasma of lactating animals.Milk contained(31.0±0.36)mg·L-1 in winter while during the months of summer the highest values recorded in forages,soils,canal and tube well waters were(755±1.98)mg·kg-1,(785±4.98)mg·kg-1,(0.97±8.78)mg·L-1 and(4.12±0.55)mg·L-1,respectively.It was revealed from the current results that fecal matter,forage,milk,tube well and canal water contained lower amounts of P,while P levels in blood plasma was found within the critical limits.Therefore,phosphorus supplementations were required in the area under experimentation to meet the requirements of the animals for their normal growth.  相似文献   

Role of Potassium Bearing Minerals in Desorption of Reserved Potassium in Some Soils of Northern Iraq     

Mohammad All Jamal Al-Obaidi Hazem Mahmood Ahmed Mohammad Taher Khalil 《农业科学与技术》2014,(6):487-493

A laboratory study was conducted in order to explain successive extractions of reserved potassium by using concentrated HCI under reflux for 13 surface and sub-surface soil samples representing three chosen pedons of soil series （472 ECC Bashika, 463 EKC Rabeaa and 461 ECC Talafar） locations of Nineveh Province in Northern of Iraq. The aim is to investigate role of clay minerals on release of reserved potassium from soils. Results showed that dominated clay minerals were （smectite 〉 illite 〉 kaolinite 〉 chlorite） for both 472 ECC and 461 ECC soil series and were （illite 〉 smectite 〉 kaolinite 〉 chlorite） for 463 EKC soil series. Also results appeared that exchangeable K＋ released values were 2,483-4,575 mg/kg at 461 ECC and 463 EKC soil series, respectively; non-exchangeable phase ranged from 752-1,390 mg/kg at 461 ECC and 472 ECC soil series, respectively. Soil fertility was evaluated according to its K＋ mica release referring for high K＋ release content with range between 3,324-5,516 mg/kg at 461 ECC and 463 EKC soil series, but rate ofK~ released was very law according to parabolic diffusion me,del with range from 195-359 mg/kg at latter soil series respectively. Results reflect effect of clay minerals on potassium release as amount and rates in arid and semi-arid regions. It can be concluded the study soils have a high amount of potassium content with low rate release of it, in turn these soil need particular management.  相似文献   

Carbon availability and microbial biomass in soil under an irrigated wheat-maize cropping system receiving different fertilizer treatments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T. Mahmood  F. Azam  F. Hussain  K. A. Malik 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(1):63-68

Seasonal changes in carbon availability and microbial biomass were studied in soil under an irrigated wheat-maize cropping system receiving different fertilizter treatments over the past 10 years. Treatments included N-100 and N-200 (urea at 100 and 200kgNha^–1 year^–1, respectively), FYM-16 and FYM-32 (farmyard manure at 16 and 32tha^–1 year^–1, respectively) and a control (unfertilized). Aerobically mineralizable carbon (AMC; C mineralized after 10 days aerobic incubation at 30°C) increased (13–16%) under wheat at both rates of urea whereas under maize it increased (22%) only with the lower rate of urea. Farmyard manure also increased the content of soil AMC under both crops, the effect being two- to threefold higher under wheat than under maize. Urea application caused an 32–78% increase in the specific respiratory activity (SRA) under wheat but caused an 11–50% decrease during the maize season. Farmyard manure also resulted in a higher SRA under both crops but only at the higher application rate. Under wheat, microbial biomass C (MBC) decreased in urea-treated plots but showed a slight increase at the higher rate of FYM. During the maize season, MBC was higher under both urea (42–46%) and FYM (36–47%) treatments as compared to the control. Microbial biomass turnover rate was highest for FYM-32 (2.08), followed by FYM-16 and urea treatments (1.35–1.49); control plots showed a turnover rate of 0.82. The higher AMC and SRA during the active growth period of wheat than that of maize indicated that root-derived C from wheat was higher in amount and more easily degradable. Received: 16 April 1996  相似文献   

Translocation and recovery of 15N-labelled N derived from foliar uptake of 15NH3 by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars     

Ashraf  M.  Mahmood  T.  Azam  F. 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,38(4):257-260

Foliar uptake of ¹⁵NH₃ applied at two growth stages (tillering and anthesis) and the subsequent ¹⁵N-labelled vegetative-N distribution in different plant components at maturity was investigated in three rice cultivars, IR-6, NIAB-6 and Bas-385. Rice plants absorbed 22–30% and 18–24% of the ¹⁵NH₃ applied at tillering and anthesis stages, respectively. Of the total ¹⁵NH₃ absorbed at tillering stage, IR-6 and Bas-385 showed higher recovery (71%) in different plant components at maturity as compared to NIAB-6 (48% recovery). At maturity, percent recovery of the ¹⁵NH₃ absorbed at anthesis stage was almost comparable in different cultivars, but it was lower (46–55%) than that absorbed at the tillering stage. Recovery of the absorbed ¹⁵NH₃-N in the soil was negligible and ranged from 0.3–1%. At maturity, the cultivars IR-6 and Bas-385 showed a higher loss (45–53%) of ¹⁵NH₃ absorbed at anthesis than at the tillering stage (29% loss), whereas for NIAB-6, the corresponding figures were comparable for the two growth stages (tillering, 51% loss; anthesis, 49% loss). Results indicated a variable potential of the tested rice cultivars for foliar uptake of atmospheric ¹⁵NH₃ and distribution of ¹⁵N-labelled vegetative-N in different plant components.  相似文献