Response of orange trees to deficit irrigation strategies in the north of Iran     

Mehrdad Shahabian  Seyed Mahmood Samar  Alireza Talaie  Mohammad Reza Emdad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):267-276

This work examines the effects of two deficit irrigation strategies, conventional deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD), on mature navel orange trees. The study carried out during two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) in a semi-arid climate on a silty–clay–loam soil in the north of Iran. Both DI and PRD trees were irrigated at two levels, 75 and 50% (DI75, PRD75, DI50 and PRD50) of the full irrigation (FI). In DI, irrigation water was applied to both sides of the tree rows, similar to FI. In PRD, irrigation water was applied alternately to only one side, at each irrigation event. Results showed that DI treatments reduced fruit yield by ～30% compared with FI, but PRD treatments caused no reduction in fruit yield. No negative impact was detected in fruit quality after applying DI and PRD treatments. Shoot growth decreased in all DI and PRD treatments in both years. In DI, stomatal resistance was higher (50%) than in FI, but it was not significantly affected in PRD. The irrigation water use efficiency of PRD trees increased to nearly twice that of FI. According to these two years' results, we recommend PRD as an acceptable deficit irrigation strategy in the region.  相似文献   

Effect of water stress and nickel application on yield components and agronomic characteristics of canola grown on two calcareous soils     

Ali Akbar Moosavi  Samireh Mansouri  Maryam Zahedifar  Mahmood Reza Sadikhani 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1747-1764

A greenhouse experiment (5 × 2 × 2 factorial arranged in randomized-complete-design with three replicates) was conducted to assess the combined effects of nickel (Ni) and drought stress on growth and yield parameters of canola (Brassica napus L. var. Talaye) grown on two calcareous soils of loamy and sandy clay textures. Treatments consisted of five Ni levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg Ni kg^?1 soil) and two levels of water status 100% and 60% field capacity (FC and 0.6FC, respectively). Growth parameters and yield components of plants decreased at drought-stress conditions. Almost all of the studied growth/yield parameters of canola grown on loamy soil were significantly more than those of the sandy clay soil, probably due to the increased capability of loamy soil for supplying the plant water/nutrient requirements. Nickel could positively affect some of the mean growth and yield parameters (e.g., grain yield) over both of the water status conditions. Nevertheless, some of the traits not only increased by Ni fertilization but also decreased compared to that of the control. The positive responses of canola was observed with higher amounts of applied Ni in the sandy clay soil than in loamy soil, e.g., the maximum grain yields of canola grown on loamy and sandy clay soils were obtained with applications of 0.5 and 1 mg Ni kg^?1, respectively. Generally, results demonstrated that Ni could not mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on canola growth or yield components.  相似文献   

Genetics and non-genetics parameters of body weight for post-weaning traits in Raini Cashmere goats     

Sadrollah Molaei Moghbeli  Arsalan Barazandeh  Mahmood Vatankhah  Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1519-1524

Genetic parameters were estimated for 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9), 12-month weight (W12), average daily gain from birth to 6 months old (ADG6), and Kleiber ratio at 6 months (KL6) traits using 6,442 records obtained from a Raini Cashmere goat flock. The parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure and applying four animal models excluding or including maternal additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Heritability estimates for W6, W9, W12, ADG6, and KL6, under the most appropriate model were 0.028, 0.26, 0.29, 0.02, and 0.25, respectively. The estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations among W6, W9, W12, and ADG6 were high and ranged from 0.73 to 0.99. The estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations among KL6 and others traits were negative and low. Thus, these estimates of genetic parameters may provide a basis for deriving selection indices for postweaning growth traits also low genetic correlation between growth traits with KL6, it is possible to increase efficiency in Raini kids by multitrait selection.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Caprine pleuropneumonia in Beetal goats     

Riaz Hussain  Muhammad Auon  Ahrar Khan  Muhammad Zargham Khan  Fazal Mahmood  Sajjad Ur-Rehman 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):675-675

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The non-host pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia triticina</Emphasis> elicits an active transcriptional response in rice     

Hongbing Li  Tariq Mahmood  Ginny Antony  Nanyan Lu  Mike Pumphreys  Bikram Gill  Zhensheng Kang  Frank F. White  Jianfa Bai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(3):553-569

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Using expert knowledge data to validate crop models on local situation data     

Faisal Mahmood  Jacques Wery  Sabir Hussain  Tanvir Shahzad  Muhammed Arslan Ashraf  Olivier Therond 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(2):217-234

Cropping system models are widely used tools for simulating the growth and development of crops at field scale. However, it is often difficult to satisfy their detailed input and output data requirements for a proper evaluation of model. In this study, expert knowledge data were used as alternative source to fulfil these data requirements. The model was first calibrated for major crops of the studied area and then evaluated for the same crops by using expert knowledge data. Results showed that the model accurately simulated above-ground biomass and grain yield with a relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 20% and 17%, respectively. On the other hand, simulated results were less satisfactory for N uptake and cumulated evapotranspiration with RRMSE of 27% and 31%, respectively. The model simulated cumulative variables more accurately than dynamic variables. The results of this study suggest that expert knowledge can be used to get data for intermediate variables rarely measured in experiments used for calibration (green leaf area index, actual evapotranspiration, rooting depth) in typical crop management conditions in the region. This approach enables a global and dynamic evaluation of cropping system models when experimental data is unavailable for large heterogeneous areas in a region.  相似文献   

Effect of diet on preweaning performance of Sahiwal calves     

Bhatti SA  Ahmed MF  Wynn PC  McGill D  Sarwar M  Afzal M  Ullah E  Khan MA  Khan MS  Bush R  Warriach HM  Khan A 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):819-826

The objective was to study the growth potential of Sahiwal calves given milk or milk replacer with or without concentrates. For this purpose, forty-eight Sahiwal calves were divided into four groups of 12 animals each with equal sex ratio. In each group, the calves were offered either milk or a milk replacer (MR) at a rate of 10% of their body weight adjusted weekly. In addition to this, calves were fed either a starter ration plus Egyptian clover hay (SR + H) or hay only (H) until the end of trial. The milk or MR was withdrawn gradually from day 56 until animals were weaned completely by day 84. Calves offered milk grew faster than those offered MR (357 ± 9 vs. 162 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (51.6 ± 0.8 vs. 35.2 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05). The calves offered SR + H grew faster (311 ± 9 vs. 208 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (48.7 ± 0.8 vs. 38.1 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05) than those fed H alone. Calves offered milk plus SR + H showed the highest growth rate and weaning weights (401 ± 13 g/day and 56.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). The lowest growth rate and weaning weights were observed in calves offered MR and H only (115 ± 13 g/day and 30.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). Calves offered the MR had higher number of scour days than those offered milk (13.5 vs. 3.3). The feeding of whole milk in combination with the starter ration and hay resulted in superior growth rates, higher weaning weights, and healthier calves than the other feeding regimens.  相似文献   

Estimating non-genetic and genetic parameters of pre-weaning growth traits in Raini Cashmere goat     

Barazandeh A  Moghbeli SM  Vatankhah M  Mohammadabadi M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):811-817

Data and pedigree information used in the present study were 3,022 records of kids obtained from the breeding station of Raini goat. The studied traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and Kleiber ratio at weaning (KR). The model included the fixed effects of sex of kid, type of birth, age of dam, year of birth, month of birth, and age of kid (days) as covariate that had significant effects, and random effects direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental effects and residual. (Co) variance components were estimated using univariate and multivariate analysis by WOMBAT software applying four animal models including and ignoring maternal effects. Likelihood ratio test used to determine the most appropriate models. Heritability ( \texth_\texta² ) \left( {{\text{h}}_{\text{a}}^2} \right) estimates for BW, WW, ADG, and KR according to suitable model were 0.12 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.06, 0.10 ± 0.06, and 0.06 ± 0.05, respectively. Estimates of the proportion of maternal permanent environmental effect to phenotypic variance (c ²) were 0.17 ± 0.03, 0.07 ± 0.03, and 0.07 ± 0.03 for BW, WW, and ADG, respectively. Genetic correlations among traits were positive and ranged from 0.53 (BW-ADG) to 1.00 (WW-ADG, WW-KR, and ADG-KR). The maternal permanent environmental correlations between BW-WW, BW-ADG, and WW-ADG were 0.54, 0.48, and 0.99, respectively. Results indicated that maternal effects, especially maternal permanent environmental effects are an important source of variation in pre-weaning growth trait and ignoring those in the model redound incorrect genetic evaluation of kids.  相似文献   

Geostatistical Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of Some Chemical Properties in Calcareous Soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Asma Najafian  Mahmood Dayani  Hamid Reza Motaghian  Habibolah Nadian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(10):1729-1737

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Exogenous Spermidine Affected Leaf Characteristics and Growth of Common Bean Under Water Deficit Conditions     

Shahram Torabian  Mohammad Reza Shakiba  Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab  Mahmood Toorchi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(11):1289-1301

In order to investigate the effects of exogenous spermidine on water limitation-induced damage on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted over two growth seasons. The experiment was arranged as a split-split plot design and three replications. Treatments were three water stress levels (non-stress, moderate and severe stress), three bean genotypes (Akhtar, Pak and COS12) and two spermidine levels (control and foliar application). The results showed that water stress reduced markedly leaf relative water content, SPAD values, specific leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, relative growth rate, shoot dry weight and grain yield; however, increased leaf density, leaf relative electrolyte leakage, stomatal density, leaf angle and leaf temperature of bean genotypes. Spermidine application increased relative water content, SPAD values, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot dry weight and grain yield. Overall, exogenous spermidine usage as a free radical scavenger counteracted deleterious water deficit effects.  相似文献