Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome and ceftriaxone in premature calves     

Orhan Corum  Ramazan Yildiz  Merve Ider  Feray Altan  Mahmut Ok  Kamil Uney 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(6):632-639

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome (CFQ) and ceftriaxone (CTX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. Using a parallel design, 24 premature calves were randomly divided into the two antibiotic groups. Each of the six animals in the first group received CFQ (2 mg/kg) through IV or IM administration. The second group received CTX (20 mg/kg) via the same administration route. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and noncompartmental methods. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of CFQ and CTX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t_1/2λz) 1.85 and 3.31 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC_0–∞) 15.74 and 174 hr * μg/ml, volume of distribution at steady‐state 0.37 and 0.45 L/kg, and total body clearance 0.13 and 0.12 L hr^?1 kg^?1, respectively. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of CFQ and CTX after IM injection were as follows: peak concentration 4.56 and 25.04 μg/ml, time to reach peak concentration 1 and 1.5 hr, t_1/2λz 4.74 and 3.62 hr, and AUC_0–∞ 22.75 and 147 hr * μg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability of CFQ and CTX after IM injection was 141% and 79%, respectively. IM administration of CFQ (2 mg/kg) and CTX (20 mg/kg) can be recommended at 12‐hr interval for treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of ≤0.5 and ≤4 μg/ml, respectively, in premature calves. However, further research is indicated to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters following multiple doses of the drug in premature calves.  相似文献   

Are cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses across Europe primarily determined by atmospheric deposition of these metals?     

Winfried Schröder  Marcel Holy  Roland Pesch  Harry Harmens  Ilia Ilyin  Eiliv Steinnes  Renate Alber  Yuliya Aleksiayenak  Oleg Blum  Mahmut Coşkun  Maria Dam  Ludwig De Temmerman  Marina Frolova  Marina Frontasyeva  Laura Gonzalez Miqueo  Krystyna Grodzińska  Zvonka Jeran  Szymon Korzekwa  Miodrag Krmar  Eero Kubin  Kestutis Kvietkus  Sébastien Leblond  Siiri Liiv  Sigurður Magnússon  Blanka Maňkovská  Juha Piispanen  Åke Rühling  Jesus Santamaria  Zdravko Spiric  Ivan Suchara  Lotti Thöni  Viktor Urumov  Lilyana Yurukova  Harald G. Zechmeister 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1572-1584

Purpose

This study aimed at investigating correlations between heavy metal concentrations in mosses and modelled deposition values as well as other site-specific and regional characteristics to determine which factors primarily affect cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses. The resulting relationships could potentially be used to enhance the spatial resolution of heavy metal deposition maps across Europe.

Materials and methods

Modelled heavy metal deposition data and data on the concentration of heavy metals in naturally growing mosses were integrated into a geographic information system and analysed by means of bivariate rank correlation analysis and multivariate decision trees. Modelled deposition data were validated annually with deposition measurements at up to 63 EMEP measurement stations within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and mosses were collected at up to 7,000 sites at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2005.

Results and discussion

Moderate to high correlations were found between cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of these metals: Spearman rank correlation coefficients were between 0.62 and 0.67, and 0.67 and 0.73 for cadmium and lead, respectively (p?<?0.001). Multivariate decision tree analyses showed that cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses were primarily determined by the atmospheric deposition of these metals, followed by emissions of the metals. Low to very low correlations were observed between mercury concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of mercury. According to the multivariate analyses, spatial variations of the mercury concentration in mosses was primarily associated with the sampled moss species and not with the modelled deposition, but regional differences in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury and corresponding interactions with the moss may also be involved.

Conclusions

At least for cadmium and lead, concentrations in mosses are a valuable tool in determining and mapping the spatial variation in atmospheric deposition across Europe at a high spatial resolution. For mercury, more studies are needed to elucidate interactions of different chemical species with the moss.  相似文献   

A NEW STRATEGY TO ENRICH CALCIUM NUTRITION OF FRUIT: SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST FOLIAR CALCIUM AND BORON SPRAYS     

Fatih Sen  Ismail Karacali  Mehmet Esref Irget  Omer Lutfu Elmaci  Mahmut Tepecik 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):175-184

The objective of the study is to investigate the role of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) synergy in higher maintenance of Ca in fruit buds during senescence. To study the hypothesis, an experiment was conducted for two years in two ‘Starking Delicious’ apple (Malus domastica Borkh.) orchards established on seedling rootstocks in Banaz, Usak, Turkey. Treatments composed of postharvest foliar sprays of Ca at rate of 15.13 kg h^?1, B at rate of 2.47 kg h^?1 and their combination (Ca+B) compared with control trees sprayed with water. Fruiting spurs, flower ovaries, young and mature fruits were sampled and analyzed for their Ca, B, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents. Fruit were stored for six months and quality attributes were studied. Results put forth that Ca+B treatments significantly increase fruit Ca and B concentrations and firmness. The results displayed that postharvest B spray improves Ca nutrition of fruits through synergism of Ca+B on Ca translocation.  相似文献   

Eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Massenschwächungskoeffizienten für die röntgenographische Phasenanalyse     

Mahmut Sayin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1984,147(6):649-656

A method for determination of mass attenuation coefficients in diffractometric phase analysis A method for the direct determination of mass attenuation coefficients was tested. The attenuation of intensity of an X-ray beam diffracted from a crystalline sample support by covering the sample holder with the substance under investigation is used for the calculation. The effect of diffraction angle θ on the length of beam path in the sample was taken into account. The data obtained for kaolinite, quartz, boehmite, magnesite and calcite closely correspond with the results of methods using either more specialised equipment or direct calculation from the chemical composition. Several aspects concerning the application of the method for quantitative phase analysis are discussed. The suitability of the method for phase analysis of clays usually exhibiting low mass attenuation is emphasized.  相似文献   

Screening and Preliminary Analysis of Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) Hair Color Differentially Expressed Genes Based on RNA-Seq     

Subinur ELI  Tayerjan MAMAT  Buweihailiqiemu ABABAIKERI  Mahmut HALIK 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(10):2413-2424

  相似文献   

Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease     

Recai Tunca  Mahmut Sozmen  Hidayet Erdogan  Mehmet Citil  Erdogan Uzlu  Hasan Ozen  Erhan Gok?e 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):598-605

The current study was designed to determine the changes of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression in blood and tissue during the myocardial degeneration in calves with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Seventeen crossbred calves presenting pathological signs for FMD confirmed by viral analysis were studied. A biochemistry panel and immunohistochemistry were performed on 17 diseased calves and 7 calves used as controls. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analyzed for both groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean cTnI (14.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) concentration and CK (573 +/- 407 U/l), CK-MB (238 +/- 37 U/l), AST (84 +/- 7), and LDH (298 +/- 29 U/l) activities were higher in FMD cases compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss or depletion of cTnI expression in myocardium of all cases. None of the 7 controls showed loss of cTnI expression. Increased serum cTnI concentration correlated with myocardial injury and loss of cTnI immunolabeling in cardiomyocytes of calves with FMD.  相似文献   

Protective effects of silymarin on fumonisin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in mice     

Mahmut Sozmen  Alparslan Kadir Devrim  Recai Tunca  Murat Bayezit  Serpil Dag  Dinc Essiz 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(1):51-60

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of silymarin on experimental liver toxication induced by Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) in BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into six groups (n = 15). Group 1 served as the control. Group 2 was the silymarin control (100 mg/kg by gavage). Groups 3 and 4 were treated with FB₁ (Group 3, 1.5 mg/kg FB₁, intraperitoneally; and Group 4, 4.5 mg/kg FB₁). Group 5 received FB₁ (1.5 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg), and Group 6 was given a higher dose of FB₁ (4.5 mg/kg FB₁) with silymarin (100 mg/kg). Silymarin treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) the apoptotic rate. FB₁ administration significantly increased (p < 0.0001) proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, FB₁ elevated the levels of caspase-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediators while silymarin significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) the expression of these factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expressions were significantly elevated in Group 4 (p < 0.0001). Silymarin administration alleviated increased VEGF and FGF-2 expression levels (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, silymarin ameliorated toxic liver damage caused by FB₁ in BALB/c mice.  相似文献   

塔里木马鹿干旱环境适应相关基因的筛选、克隆及生物信息学分析     

塔依尔江·麦麦提  苏比奴尔·艾力  布威海丽且姆·阿巴拜科日  马合木提·哈力克 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(6):1906-1917

为了探讨塔里木马鹿（Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）干旱环境适应相关基因的结构特征和相关功能,从前期的塔里木马鹿全基因组重测序结果中,筛选获得塔里木马鹿过氧化物氧化还原酶3（thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase,PRDX3）基因的序列,对该基因在塔里木马鹿不同组织中的表达情况进行分析,同时对塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因编码区（CDS）序列进行克隆测序,运用相关软件进行同源性比对、构建系统进化树及生物信息学分析。结果显示,塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因在肾脏组织中的基因表达水平极显著高于肺脏和肝脏组织（P<0.01）;塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因CDS序列长660 bp。同源性比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,塔里木马鹿与白尾鹿（GenBank登录号：XM_020875097.1）同源性最高,且遗传距离最近;与褐家鼠（GenBank登录号：NM_022540.1）同源性最低,且遗传距离最远。塔里木马鹿PRDX3蛋白分子质量为24.42 ku,由220个氨基酸组成,不稳定系数为25.36,理论等电点（pI）为5.82,脂溶系数为85.50,总平均亲水性为-0.05,存在O-糖基化位点,具有丰富的磷酸化位点,但是不存在N-糖基化位点、跨膜区及信号肽,最可能位于线粒体中,二级结构和三级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,包含PRX_Typ2cys超家族保守结构域,与多种蛋白存在相对较强的相互作用。本研究为后续的塔里木马鹿功能基因的研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

Repair of urethral defects using fascia lata autografts in dogs   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Atalan G  Cihan M  Sozmen M  Ozaydin I 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(5):514-518

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of urethroplasty using a free fascia lata (FL) graft in the dog. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS: Mixed-breed dogs (n=14). METHODS: Half of the circumference of the urethra, approximately 1.5 cm long, was excised in 14 male dogs to induce a urethral defect. FL (approximately 2 cm x 2 cm) harvested from the lateral thigh was sutured to the urethra using a 3-0 polyglactin 910 continuous pattern. Dogs were monitored daily for bladder distention and had urethral catheters until normal voiding was observed. On day 60, each dog had a positive contrast urethrogram, and then 8 dogs were euthanatized for gross and histologic examination. Six dogs were monitored for urologic problems for 6 months, and a positive contrast urethrogram was repeated. RESULTS: All dogs recovered successfully; 4 dogs had difficulty voiding for 2-3 days and urine was aspirated from these dogs every 3 hours until signs of painful urination disappeared. On positive contrast urethrograms, urethral anatomy was considered normal except in 4 dogs that had an irregular contour. Gross urethral examination confirmed an absence of ulceration, stricture, diverticula, or fistula formation, and the FL-lined graft survived in all dogs. No degenerative and reparative responses were observed. On histologic examination of the penile urethra, the lumen was intact, covered with transitional epithelium, and surrounded by corpus spongiosum with cavernous spaces and blood-filled vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Free FL grafts are incorporated satisfactorily and would appear to be useful for repairing urethral defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: FL grafts should be considered for repair of urethral defects in dogs.  相似文献   

基于主成分-聚类分析评价不同定植年限核桃土壤微生物生态     

顾美英  徐万里  马凯  欧提库尔  玛合木提  张志东  朱静  唐琦勇  楚敏  张丽娟 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(2):474-484

【目的】 评价新疆南疆不同定植年限核桃土壤微生物生态,为分析核桃园土壤退化问题及研究区域土壤微生物生态健康的研究提供参考。【方法】 采用时空互代法,以叶城地区核桃树为研究对象,分析土壤理化性质、微生物数量和土壤酶活性等微生物生态特征在时间(5、8~10、15、20~25 年的定植年限)和空间(0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层)上的变化规律,并采用主成分-聚类分析进行评价。【结果】 随着核桃定植年限的延长,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤pH总体呈酸化趋势。土壤总盐和除速效磷外的其余养分含量有明显表聚现象,全氮和有机质含量呈先降低后升高趋势。土壤可培养细菌、放线菌和真菌数量也存在表聚现象,随着核桃定植年限延长,土壤细菌数量呈先升高后降低趋势,放线菌和真菌数量有增长趋势。脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均随土层深度的增加总体降低,但不同定植年限没有明显的变化规律。0~20 cm土壤微生物生态综合得分排名为核桃定植15年>20~25年>8~10年>5年;20~40 cm土壤为核桃定植20~25年>8~10年>15年>5年。【结论】 5年定植的核桃土壤微生物生态条件最差;0~20 cm表层定植15年、20~40 cm亚表层定植20~25年核桃土壤微生物生态条件最好。  相似文献