Relationships between height and yield in near-isogenic spring wheats that contrast for major reduced height genes     

S. C. Chapman  K. L. Mathews  R. M. Trethowan  R. P. Singh 《Euphytica》2007,157(3):391-397

The effect of two major dwarfing (Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) genes varies with environment. Near-isogenic pairs (i.e., tall and semidwarf) of six spring wheat lines, included in the International Adaptation Trial (IAT), were grown in 81 trials around the world from 2001 to 2004. Trial yields ranged from 1 to 8 t ha⁻¹ with a mean of ca. 4 t ha⁻¹. Overall, the yield advantage of the lines possessing the dwarfing gene was ca. 10% and was particularly evident in trials where the mean height of semidwarf isolines exceeded ca. 80 cm. However, the yield advantage was greater in the slightly taller and older lines (Pavon and Galvez) than in the newer lines Nesser and Kauz and the two durum lines. Sixteen pairs of semidwarf/tall near-isolines were grown in six managed drought environment trials at CIMMYT in northwestern Mexico. In these trials, height and yield differences were small and/or negligible in the most droughted environment (2.5 t ha⁻¹) and the slope of yield versus height for each isoline pair became consistently negative with increase in irrigation. In the IAT, the slope of the yield versus height was much more variable at low heights or yields, presumably due to the fact that there were many more factors driving the response. Even at the point where the slope became consistently negative (ca. between 2 and 4 t ha⁻¹), there were some trials where tall isolines equaled or exceeded the yield of semidwarf isolines, particularly in the most recent developed cultivar, Kauz. For submission to Euphytica as part of special issue “Challenges to International Wheat Breeding”. From the International Symposium on Wheat Yield Potential: Challenges to International Wheat Breeding, Days Inn, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico, March 19–24th, 2006.  相似文献   

Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette's syndrome   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Abelson JF  Kwan KY  O'Roak BJ  Baek DY  Stillman AA  Morgan TM  Mathews CA  Pauls DL  Rasin MR  Gunel M  Davis NR  Ercan-Sencicek AG  Guez DH  Spertus JA  Leckman JF  Dure LS  Kurlan R  Singer HS  Gilbert DL  Farhi A  Louvi A  Lifton RP  Sestan N  State MW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):317-320

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a genetically influenced developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic vocal and motor tics. We studied Slit and Trk-like 1 (SLITRK1) as a candidate gene on chromosome 13q31.1 because of its proximity to a de novo chromosomal inversion in a child with TS. Among 174 unrelated probands, we identified a frameshift mutation and two independent occurrences of the identical variant in the binding site for microRNA hsa-miR-189. These variants were absent from 3600 control chromosomes. SLITRK1 mRNA and hsa-miR-189 showed an overlapping expression pattern in brain regions previously implicated in TS. Wild-type SLITRK1, but not the frameshift mutant, enhanced dendritic growth in primary neuronal cultures. Collectively, these findings support the association of rare SLITRK1 sequence variants with TS.  相似文献   

Pigment protein complex from gonyaulax     

Haidak DJ  Mathews CK  Sweeney BM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,152(3719):212-213

A water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex from the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra was found to have a molecular weight of about 38,000. The complex could be disrupted by digestion with proteolytic enzymes. No electron transfer was observed when the complex was irradiated.  相似文献   

Cerebral hemorrhage after passive anti-Abeta immunotherapy     

Pfeifer M  Boncristiano S  Bondolfi L  Stalder A  Deller T  Staufenbiel M  Mathews PM  Jucker M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5597):1379

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Access to stem cells and data: persons, property rights, and scientific progress     

Mathews DJ  Graff GD  Saha K  Winickoff DE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6018):725-727

Many fields have struggled to develop strategies, policies, or structures to optimally manage data, materials, and intellectual property rights (IPRs). There is growing recognition that the field of stem cell science, in part because of its complex IPRs landscape and the importance of cell line collections, may require collective action to facilitate basic and translational research. Access to pluripotent stem cell lines and the information associated with them is critical to the progress of stem cell science, but simple notions of access are substantially complicated by shifting boundaries between what is considered information versus material, person versus artifact, and private property versus the public domain.  相似文献   

The behaviour of residues of benzoylprop-ethyl and its breakdown products in wheat     

Pierre G. Bosio  Kenneth E. Elgar  Brian L. Mathews  Austin P. Woodbridge  A. Neill Wright 《Pest management science》1982,13(1):9-16

Samples of wheat grain and straw have been analysed from trials with the wild oat herbicide benzoylprop-ethyl ( I ) in several countries. Following recommended commercial treatments (application of 1.0–1.6 kg ha^?1 at Feekes growth stage G-J), total residues of I and its hydrolysis product N-benzoyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-DL - alanine (free and conjugated) were low and in the majority of instances they were < 0.01 mg kg^?1 in samples of grain from the UK, although rather higher residues were detected in some grain samples from other countries. Residues in straw were higher, but normally did not exceed 2 mg kg^?1, and were rather variable, possibly as a result of differences in agricultural practice.  相似文献   

Multiple plantlets in lateral bud and leaf explant in vitro cultures of pineapple     

V.Helena Mathews  T.S. Rangan 《Scientia Horticulturae》1979,11(4):319-328

Plantlets were obtained from usually dormant axillary buds, excised from the crown of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) and grown in culture. Multiple shoots arose from single buds grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxins and kinetin. Shaking culture-flasks during growth increased the number of multiple shoots formed, when compared with stationary liquid cultures. Leaf explants excised from in vitro plantlets developed into a callus capable of plantlet regeneration. Subjecting developing buds to surgical segmentation also resulted in multiple shoot formation. Such shoots, when excised and grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxins, developed roots and grew into complete plantlets capable of being grown in soil.  相似文献   

Depletion of residues of benzoylprop-ethyl in soil     

Pierre G. Bosio  Kenneth E. Elgar  Brian L. Mathews  Austin P. Woodbridge  A. Neill Wright 《Pest management science》1982,13(1):1-8

The depletion of residues of benzolyprop-ethyl ( I ) and its hydrolysis product N-benzoyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-DL -alanine ( II ) in soils is reported from various trials following applications of I to soil and crops at up to 3 kg ha^?1. Quite rapid hydrolysis of I to II occurred in most soils and depletion of II followed. The total residue of I and II in the soil often initially increased, probably because of transfer of chemical from the crop to the soil, but the time for 50% disappearance of the total residue ( I+II ) was normally between 4 and 16 weeks. When four sites were treated for three successive years, carry-over of residues was negligible in three sites and showed no progressive increase in the fourth.  相似文献   

Effects of ranitidine, famotidine, pantoprazole, and omeprazole on intragastric pH in dogs     

Bersenas AM  Mathews KA  Allen DG  Conlon PD 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(3):425-431

OBJECTIVE: To identify the normal gastric acid secretion profile in dogs and determine the degree of gastric acid suppression associated with 4 gastric acid suppressants. ANIMALS: 12 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: Intragastric pH was measured continuously for 24-hour periods with a digital recording system placed via a gastrostomy tube. Baseline measurements were obtained when food was withheld and when dogs were fed a standard diet. Dogs were then treated with ranitidine (2 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), famotidine (0.5 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), pantoprazole (1 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h), omeprazole (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h), or saline solution for 7 days; intragastric pH was recorded on days 0, 2, and 6. Subsequently, the effects of administering famotidine (0.5 mg/kg, IV, q 8 h; 6 dogs) and omeprazole as a suspension (1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; 6 dogs) were evaluated. Median 24-hour intragastric pH, percentage of time pH was > or = 3, and percentage of time pH was > or = 4 were determined. RESULTS: Median pH, percentage of time pH was > or = 3, and percentage of time pH was > or = 4 were all significantly higher when food was withheld than when dogs were fed. Famotidine, pantoprazole, and omeprazole significantly suppressed gastric acid secretion, compared with saline solution, as determined on the basis of median 24-hour pH and percentages of time pH was > or = 3 or > or = 4. However, ranitidine did not. Omeprazole suspension suppressed gastric acid secretion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that in healthy dogs, famotidine, pantoprazole, and omeprazole significantly suppress gastric acid secretion. Twice daily administration of a suspension of omeprazole, was the only regimen tested that approached the potential therapeutic efficacy for acid-related disease when assessed by criteria used for human patients.  相似文献   

Comparison of the standard predictive equation for calculation of resting energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry in hospitalized and healthy dogs     

O'Toole E  Miller CW  Wilson BA  Mathews KA  Davis C  Sears W 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(1):58-64

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of clinical agreement between 2 methods for the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE). DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 77 dogs. PROCEDURE: Oxygen consumption (Vo2) and CO2 production (Vco2) were measured with an open-flow indirect calorimeter in healthy (n = 10) and ill (67) dogs. Measurements were collected at 3 time periods on 2 days. The Vo2 and the Vco2 measurements were then used to calculate the REE values. RESULTS: Mean values of measured (MREE) and predicted (PREE) REEs in healthy dogs and a dog with medical illnesses or trauma were not significantly different. There was a significant difference on day 2 between the MREE and PREE in the group of dogs recovering from major surgery. More importantly, there was significant variation between the PREE and MREE on an individual-dog basis. The PREE only agreed to within +/- 20% of the MREE in 51% to 57% of the dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The level of agreement between these two methods for determining the 24-hour REE was poor in individual dogs. The level of disagreement between the 2 methods indicates that these methods may not be used interchangeably in a clinical setting. Measurement of REE by use of indirect calorimetry may be the only reliable method of determining REE in an individual ill or healthy dog.  相似文献