Protection of chickens from Newcastle disease with a recombinant baculovirus subunit vaccine expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins     

Youn-Jeong Lee  Haan-Woo Sung  Jun-Gu Choi  Eun-Kyoung Lee  Hachung Yoon  Jae-Hong Kim  Chang-Seon Song 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):301-308

Recombinant baculoviruses containing the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein gene of the viscerotropic velogenic (vv) Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate, Kr-005/00, and a lentogenic La Sota strain of the NDV were constructed in an attempt to develop an effective subunit vaccine to the recent epizootic vvNDV. The level of protection was determined by evaluating the clinical signs, mortality, and virus shedding from the oropharynx and cloaca of chickens after a challenge with vvNDV Kr-005/00. The recombinant ND F (rND F) and recombinant HN (rND HN) glycoproteins derived from the velogenic strain provided good protection against the clinical signs and mortality, showing a 0.00 PI value and 100% protection after a booster immunization. On the other hand, the combined rND F + HN glycoprotein derived from the velogenic strain induced complete protection (0.00 PI value and 100% protection) and significantly reduced the amount of virus shedding even after a single immunization. The rND F and rND HN glycoproteins derived from the velogenic strain had a slightly, but not significantly, greater protective effect than the lentogenic strain. These results suggest that the combined rND F + HN glycoprotein derived from vvNDV can be an ideal subunit marker vaccine candidate in chickens in a future ND eradication program.  相似文献   

Plastic contamination of forest,urban, and agricultural soils: a case study of Yeoju City in the Republic of Korea     

Choi  Yu Ri  Kim  Young-Nam  Yoon  Jung-Hwan  Dickinson  Nicholas  Kim  Kye-Hoon 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(5):1962-1973

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Microplastics have been widely reported to contaminate aquatic environments, particularly impacting marine organisms, but little is known of microplastic...  相似文献   

Effects of residue management on nitrogen losses in surface and sub-surface water from sugarcane fields     

Chang Yoon Jeong  Alan DeRamus  Jim J. Wang  Lora L. Goodeaux 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):103-118

The effect of three sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) residue-management plans on nitrogen losses in surface runoff and sub-surface leachate was studied for 3 years. The three management plans evaluated were conventional burning (CB), compost application with burning (COMB), and remaining green cane trash blanketing (GCTB) treatment. In the CB treatment, sugarcane residue was burned after harvest. The COMB treatment consisted of compost applied at ‘off bar’ with sugarcane residue burned immediately after harvest. Compost was applied in the amount of 13.4 Mg ha^?1 annually. Surface runoff was collected with automatic refrigerated samplers and sub-surface leachate was collected with pan lysimeters over a period of 3 years. Total nitrogen (TN), NO₃/NO₂–N, and NH₄–N were measured. The mean losses of nitrogen (TN, NO₃/NO₂–N, and NH₄–N) from the COMB treatment after the burning procedure (post-harvest, years 2 and 3) were on average 2.7 times higher than those before harvest and burning (pre-harvest, year 1). Mean leaching losses of NO₃/NO₂–N were 0.36, 0.82, and 0.10 kg ha^?1 for the CB, COMB, and GCTB treatment, respectively. The losses of NO₃/NO₂–N from the GCTB treatment in surface runoff and sub-surface leachate were significantly reduced compared to the CB and COMB treatment.  相似文献   

N and P losses from a paddy field plot in central Korea     

Cho Jae-Young  Han Kang-Wan  Choi Jin-Kyu  Kim Young-Joo  Yoon Kwang-Sik 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):301-306

Abstract

The study was carried out to investigate the water balance and runoff and infiltration losses of nutrients in a paddy field plot located in southern Korea. Field monitoring was carried out during the cropping season from May 1, 1999 to September 30, 2000. The soil of the experimental paddy field belonged to the Jisan series (SiL; fine loam, mixed, mesic Fluventic Haplaquepts) covering on area of 5,000 m² (100 m × 50 m). The measured input quantities of N and P into the paddy field were as follows: 122 and 140 kg N ha^?1 and 29 and 30 kg P₂O₅ kg ha^?1 from chemical fertilizer, 20 and 28 kg N ha^?1 and 0.35 and 0.36 kg P ha^?1 from precipitation, and 26 and 35 kg N ha^?1 and 0.57 and 0.72 kg P ha^?1 from irrigation water, respectively. The measured outputs of N and P during the study period were as follows: 48 and 52 kg N ha^?1 and 1.1 and 1.6 kg P ha^?1 from runoff water, and 9 and 12 kg N ha^?1 and 0.04 and 0.05 kg P ha^?1 from infiltration. The runoff loading was the highest in June, presumably because of the higher concentrations of chemical components associated with chemical fertilizer application. The runoff losses of nutrients were compared to the amounts of nutrients supplied by chemical fertilizers. It was found that the losses of N accounted for 34.3 and 42.6% of the chemical fertilizer applied, while those of P accounted for 3.8 and 5.3%. The ratio between nutrient losses by infiltration and the chemical fertilizer applied was 6.4 and 9.8% for N and 0.1 and 0.2% for P, respectively.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Fixation,Soil Nitrogen Availability,and Biomass in Pure and Mixed Plantations of Alder and Pine in Central Korea     

Yowhan Son  Yoon Young Lee  Chon Young Lee  Myong Jong Yi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1841-1853

ABSTRACT

Rates of nitrogen (N) fixation, soil N availability, and aboveground biomass were measured in 27-year-old pure and mixed Alnus hirsuta and Pinus koraiensis plantations in central Korea. Nodule biomass and N fixation were 179.3 kg ha^{? 1} and 46.6 kg ha^{? 1}yr^{? 1} for the pure A. hirsuta plantation (PA) and 95.2 kg ha^{? 1} and 41.1 kg ha^{? 1}yr^{? 1} for the mixed A. hirsuta + P. koraiensis plantation (MAP), respectively. A. hirsuta seemed to provide more than two thirds of annual N requirement for P. koraiensis.Rates of acetylene reduction were significantly related to soil temperature (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not to soil moisture content. Total inorganic N [ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)plus nitrate (NO₃ ^?)] availability measured using ion exchange bags were significantly higher under PA (27.91 μ g-N bag^{? 1}) and MAP (31.34 μ g-N bag^{? 1}) than under the pure P. koraiensis plantation (PP) (14.31 μ g-N bag^{? 1}). Especially soils under the influence of A. hirsuta showed at least 2 fold increase in resin total inorganic N concentrations. Total aboveground biomass (Mg ha^{? 1}) was 147.3 for PA, 145.8 for MAP, and 174.8 for PP, respectively, and was not significantly different among plantations. A. hirsuta significantly increased soil N availability; however, the influence of N fixation on aboveground biomass was not significant for the study plantations.  相似文献   

Echinochrome A Treatment Alleviates Fibrosis and Inflammation in Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma     

Gyu-Tae Park  Jung-Won Yoon  Sang-Bin Yoo  Young-Chul Song  Parkyong Song  Hyoung-Kyu Kim  Jin Han  Sung-Jin Bae  Ki-Tae Ha  Natalia P. Mishchenko  Sergey A. Fedoreyev  Valentin A. Stonik  Moon-Bum Kim  Jae-Ho Kim 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease caused by the abnormal regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis and is activated by non-regulated inflammatory cells and cytokines. Echinochrome A (EchA), a natural pigment isolated from sea urchins, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant activities and beneficial effects in various disease models. The present study demonstrates for the first time that EchA treatment alleviates bleomycin-induced scleroderma by normalizing dermal thickness and suppressing collagen deposition in vivo. EchA treatment reduces the number of activated myofibroblasts expressing α-SMA, vimentin, and phosphorylated Smad3 in bleomycin-induced scleroderma. In addition, it decreased the number of macrophages, including M1 and M2 types in the affected skin, suggesting the induction of an anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, EchA treatment markedly attenuated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, in a murine scleroderma model. Taken together, these results suggest that EchA is highly useful for the treatment of scleroderma, exerting anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects.  相似文献   

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates in Pekin ducks from South Korea     

Se-Yeoun Cha  Min Kang  Ran-Hee Yoon  Choi-Kyu Park  Oun-Kyoung Moon  Hyung-Kwan Jang 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2013

An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes at South Korean duck farms. A total of 7119 samples collected from 72 duck farms in five provinces were examined from 2011 to 2012. The overall prevalence of Salmonella serotypes was 43.4% (69/159) in duck flocks from 65.2% (47/72) of the duck farms. Eighty-five strains were isolated from 69 duck flocks. Three serotypes of Salmonella enterica were identified such as S. Typhimurium (39/85), S. Enteritidis (44/85), and S. London (2/85). The prevalence of Salmonella infection decreased significantly in 3-week-old ducks compared to that in 1-week-old ducks (P < 0.05). All isolates except one were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 27% of the isolates were resistant to 5–16 antimicrobials. Our findings provide baseline information on the degree of Salmonella infection and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in ducks and indicate that ducks should be considered an important source of foodborne pathogens.  相似文献   

An eprinomectin extended-release injection formulation providing nematode control in cattle for up to 150 days     

M.D. Soll  B.N. Kunkle  G.C. Royer  T.A. Yazwinski  D.G. Baggott  T.A. Wehner  S. Yoon  L.G. Cramer  S. Rehbein 《Veterinary parasitology》2013

A series of 10 dose confirmation studies was conducted to evaluate the persistent activity of an extended-release injectable (ERI) formulation of eprinomectin against single point challenge infections of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle. The formulation, selected based on the optimal combination of high nematode efficacy, appropriate plasma profile, and satisfactory tissue residue levels, includes 5% poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) and is designed to deliver eprinomectin at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg bodyweight. Individual studies, included 16–30 cattle blocked based on pre-treatment bodyweight and randomly allocated to treatment with either ERI vehicle or saline (control), or the selected Eprinomectin ERI formulation. Treatments were administered once at a dose volume of 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder. In each study, cattle were challenged with a combination of infective stages of gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary nematodes 100, 120 or 150 days after treatment and were processed for parasite recovery according to standard techniques 25–30 days after challenge. Based on parasite counts, Eprinomectin ERI (1 mg eprinomectin/kg bodyweight) provided >90% efficacy (p < 0.05) against challenge with Cooperia oncophora and Cooperia surnabada at 100 days after treatment; against challenge with Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia leptospicularis, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei, and Cooperia punctata at 120 days after treatment; and against challenge with Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus viviparus at 150 days after treatment. Results of a study to evaluate eprinomectin plasma levels in cattle treated with the Eprinomectin ERI formulation reveal a characteristic second plasma concentration peak and a profile commensurate with the duration of efficacy. These results confirm that the Eprinomectin ERI formulation can provide high levels of parasite control against a range of nematodes of cattle for up to 5 months following a single treatment.  相似文献   

Therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin extended-release injection against induced infections of developing (fourth-stage larvae) and adult nematode parasites of cattle     

S. Rehbein  D.G. Baggott  G.C. Royer  S. Yoon  L.G. Cramer  M.D. Soll 《Veterinary parasitology》2013

The therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was evaluated against induced infections of developing fourth-stage larval or adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle in a series of six studies under two identical protocols (three each for developing fourth-stage larvae or adults) conducted in the USA, Germany or the UK (two studies at each location, one per stage).  相似文献   

Study on the effects of reaction conditions on carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven manufactured by wet-laid process     

Yi Na Yoon  Jung Nam Im  Song Jun Doh 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(6):1012-1018

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been used in medical area by virtue of their high water absorption property, bio-degradability, and biocompatibility. It has been mainly used as forms of gel, powder, and film due to the limitation in processability on textile structures, especially nonwoven. In this study we demonstrated wet-laid nonwoven process for viscose rayon and carboxymethylation to produce CMC nonwoven. The effects of process conditions, such as reaction time and amount of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in carboxymethylation, were investigated in terms of the degree of substitution (DS), morphological properties and mechanical properties of the CMC nonwoven. Molar ratio of MCA to cellulose and etherification time played important roles in determining characteristics of CMC nonwoven. As DS increased, strength was improved while elongation decreased. Gel blocking behavior of CMC nonwoven with higher DS indicated the applicability of CMC nonwoven as wound dressing and adhesion prevention materials.  相似文献