Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the intravascular coagulation in the lungs of BVDV-infected calves challenged with BHV-1     

María A Risalde  Verónica Molina  Pedro J Sánchez-Cordón  Fernando Romero-Palomo  Miriam Pedrera  Bartolomé Garfia  José C Gómez-Villamandos 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):20

Resistance to respiratory disease in cattle requires host defense mechanisms that protect against pathogens which have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade them, including an altered function of pulmonary macrophages (MΦs) or the induction of inflammatory responses that cause lung injury and sepsis. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms responsible for vascular changes occurring in the lungs of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and challenged later with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), evaluating the role of MΦs in the development of pathological lesions in this organ. For this purpose, pulmonary lesions were compared between co-infected calves and healthy animals inoculated only with BHV-1 through immunohistochemical (MAC387, TNFα, IL-1α, iNOS, COX-2 and Factor-VIII) and ultrastructural studies. Both groups of calves presented important vascular alterations produced by fibrin microthrombi and platelet aggregations within the blood vessels. These findings were earlier and more severe in the co-infected group, indicating that the concomitance of BVDV and BHV-1 in the lungs disrupts the pulmonary homeostasis by facilitating the establishment of an inflammatory and procoagulant environment modulated by inflammatory mediators released by pulmonary MΦs. In this regard, the co-infected calves, in spite of presenting a greater number of IMΦs than single-infected group, show a significant decrease in iNOS expression coinciding with the presence of more coagulation lesions. Moreover, animals pre-inoculated with BVDV displayed an alteration in the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1), which play a key role in activating the immune response, as well as in the local cell-mediated response.  相似文献   

Parent calcium-rich-food practices/perceptions are associated with calcium intake among parents and their early adolescent children     

Reicks M  Degeneffe D  Ghosh K  Bruhn C  Goodell LS  Gunther C  Auld G  Ballejos M  Boushey C  Cluskey M  Misner S  Olson B  Wong S  Zaghloul S 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(2):331-340

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Validation of a new LC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantification of phenolic metabolites from tomato sauce in biological samples     

Martínez-Huélamo M  Tulipani S  Torrado X  Estruch R  Lamuela-Raventós RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(18):4542-4549

Tomato is a good source of bioactive molecules such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. Up to now, only a few studies have evaluated the bioavailability of phenolic compounds from tomato. This paper presents the optimization of a method for the determination of phenolics in tomato and their metabolites in human urine and plasma after ingestion of tomato sauce. The sample preparation includes a SPE step to obtain cleaner extracts for injection in the LC-MS/MS system. The mean recovery of analytes ranged from 73 to 104% in plasma and from 65 to 106% in urine, the accuracy was between 90.3 and 115.0% in urine and between 85.7 and 115.0% in plasma, and the precision coefficient of variation was <15%. The method allowed detection and quantification limits of 0.5-29 and 2.0-90 ng mL?1 in urine, respectively, and 0.5-30 and 2.0-105 ng mL?1 in plasma, respectively, for the same phenolic compounds.  相似文献   

A powerful chiral counterion strategy for asymmetric transition metal catalysis     

Hamilton GL  Kang EJ  Mba M  Toste FD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):496-499

Traditionally, transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective transformations rely on chiral ligands tightly bound to the metal to induce asymmetric product distributions. Here we report high enantioselectivities conferred by a chiral counterion in a metal-catalyzed reaction. Two different transformations catalyzed by cationic gold(I) complexes generated products in 90 to 99% enantiomeric excess with the use of chiral binaphthol-derived phosphate anions. Furthermore, we show that the chiral counterion can be combined additively with chiral ligands to enable an asymmetric transformation that cannot be achieved by either method alone. This concept of relaying chiral information via an ion pair should be applicable to a vast number of metal-mediated processes.  相似文献   

Comment on "A persistent oxygen anomaly reveals the fate of spilled methane in the deep Gulf of Mexico"     

Joye SB  Leifer I  MacDonald IR  Chanton JP  Meile CD  Teske AP  Kostka JE  Chistoserdova L  Coffin R  Hollander D  Kastner M  Montoya JP  Rehder G  Solomon E  Treude T  Villareal TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1033; author reply 1033

Kessler et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 312) reported that methane released from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout, approximately 40% of the total hydrocarbon discharge, was consumed quantitatively by methanotrophic bacteria in Gulf of Mexico deep waters over a 4-month period. We find the evidence explicitly linking observed oxygen anomalies to methane consumption ambiguous and extension of these observations to hydrate-derived methane climate forcing premature.  相似文献   

The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Falkowski PG  Katz ME  Knoll AH  Quigg A  Raven JA  Schofield O  Taylor FJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5682):354-360

The community structure and ecological function of contemporary marine ecosystems are critically dependent on eukaryotic phytoplankton. Although numerically inferior to cyanobacteria, these organisms are responsible for the majority of the flux of organic matter to higher trophic levels and the ocean interior. Photosynthetic eukaryotes evolved more than 1.5 billion years ago in the Proterozoic oceans. However, it was not until the Mesozoic Era (251 to 65 million years ago) that the three principal phytoplankton clades that would come to dominate the modern seas rose to ecological prominence. In contrast to their pioneering predecessors, the dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, and diatoms all contain plastids derived from an ancestral red alga by secondary symbiosis. Here we examine the geological, geochemical, and biological processes that contributed to the rise of these three, distantly related, phytoplankton groups.  相似文献   

Pest management programmes in vineyards using male mating disruption   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harari AR  Zahavi T  Gordon D  Anshelevich L  Harel M  Ovadia S  Dunkelblum E 《Pest management science》2007,63(8):769-775

Israeli vine growers have been reluctant to adopt the mating disruption technique for control of the European vine moth, Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. Since the chemically controlled honeydew moth, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill., coexists with the European vine moth, growers have maintained that the use of mating disruption would fail to bring about a significant reduction in pesticide use. In this study, the efficacy of mating disruption techniques against C. gnidiella was tested, as well as the effect of these methods on pesticide use and damage to clusters when the method was employed against both of the pests in wine grapes. Comparisons were made between plots treated with (1) L. botrana mating disruption pheromone, (2) L. botrana and C. gnidiella mating disruption pheromones and (3) control plots. A significant difference in the number of clusters infested with the developmental stages of the moths was seen between pheromone-treated plots and controls, while no such difference was observed between plots treated with one versus two pheromones. A similar pattern was observed in the number of insecticide applications; the greatest number of applications was used in control plots, followed by plots treated with L. botrana mating disruption pheromone and by plots treated with pheromones against both pests, in which no pesticides were applied.  相似文献   

Variability of chloroplast DNA in the genus Passiflora L.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Inés Sánchez  Fernando Angel  Mikkel Grum  Miriam C. Duque  Mario Lobo  Joe Tohme  William Roca 《Euphytica》1999,106(1):15-26

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An integrated approach for cetacean knowledge and conservation in the central Mediterranean Sea using research and social media data sources     

Daniela Silvia Pace  Giancarlo Giacomini  Ilaria Campana  Miriam Paraboschi  Giuliana Pellegrino  Margherita Silvestri  Jessica Alessi  Dario Angeletti  Valentina Cafaro  Gianni Pavan  Giandomenico Ardizzone  Antonella Arcangeli 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(8):1302-1323

Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers to assess lung consolidation in calves with induced bacterial pneumonia using receiver operating characteristic curves     

Miriam Martin  Michael D Kleinhenz  Shawnee R Montgomery  Dale A Blasi  Kelli M Almes  Angela K Baysinger  Johann F Coetzee 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(1)

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically significant disease for cattle producers in the U.S. Cattle with advanced lung lesions at harvest have reduced average daily gain, yield grades, and carcass quality outcomes. The identification of biomarkers and clinical signs that accurately predict lung lesions could benefit livestock producers in determining a BRD prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are graphical plots that illustrate the diagnostic ability of a biomarker or clinical sign. Previously we used the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to identify cortisol, hair cortisol, and infrared thermography imaging as having acceptable (AUC > 0.7) diagnostic accuracy for detecting pain in cattle. Herein, we used ROC curves to assess the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers and clinical signs associated with lung lesions after experimentally induced BRD. We hypothesized pain biomarkers and clinical signs assessed at specific time points after induction of BRD could be used to predict lung consolidation at necropsy. Lung consolidation of > 10% was retrospectively assigned at necropsy as a true positive indicator of BRD. Calves with a score of < 10% were considered negative for BRD. The biomarkers and clinical signs analyzed were serum cortisol; infrared thermography (IRT); mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT); substance P; kinematic gait analysis; a visual analog scale (VAS); clinical illness score (CIS); computerized lung score (CLS); average activity levels; prostaglandin E₂ metabolite (PGEM); serum amyloid A; and rectal temperature. A total of 5,122 biomarkers and clinical signs were collected from 26 calves, of which 18 were inoculated with M. haemolytica. All statistics were performed using JMP Pro 14.0. Results comparing calves with significant lung lesions to those without yielded the best diagnostic accuracy (AUC > 0.75) for right front stride length at 0 h; gait velocity at 32 h; VAS, CIS, average activity and rumination levels, step count, and rectal temperature, all at 48 h; PGEM at 72 h; gait distance at 120 h; cortisol at 168 h; and IRT, right front force and serum amyloid A, all at 192 h. These results show ROC analysis can be a useful indicator of the predictive value of pain biomarkers and clinical signs in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia. AUC values for VAS score, average activity levels, step count, and rectal temperature seemed to yield good diagnostic accuracy (AUC > 0.75) at multiple time points, while MNT values, substance P concentrations, and CLS did not (all AUC values < 0.75).  相似文献