Control of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin production using natural maize phytochemicals under different conditions of water activity     

Nesci AV  Etcheverry MG 《Pest management science》2006,62(8):775-784

The effects of the natural phytochemicals trans-cinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) alone at concentrations of 1-25 mM and in 16 combinations (M: mixtures) on growth and aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare were evaluated. Studies on growth rate and aflatoxin B(1) production were carried out in vitro in relation to a water activity a(w) of 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Overall, CA at concentrations of 10 and 20 mM and FA-CA mixtures M3 (20 + 5 mM respectively), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) were the treatments most effective at inhibiting growth of the four species assayed. All strains were much more sensitive to all natural phytochemicals tested on growth rate at a(w) = 0.937. CA and the FA-CA mixtures M1 (1 + 1 mM respectively), M4 (25 + 1 mM), M5 (1 + 5 mM), M6 (10 + 1 mM), M7 (20 + 1 mM), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) completely inhibited aflatoxin B(1) production by all strains at a(w) = 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Decreased aflatoxin B(1) levels in comparison with the control were observed with FA at 1, 10, 20 and 25 mM with the strains RCM89, RCM108 and RCM38 at a(w) = 0.971, 0.955 and 0.999 respectively. The data show that CA and FA can be considered as effective fungitoxicants for A. flavus and A. parasiticus in in vitro assay. The information obtained is part of an ongoing study to determine their application at the storage level.  相似文献   

In Vitro propagation of juvenileNothofagus leoni Espinosa (Fagaceae)     

Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur  Miriam E. Arena 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(4):295-298

Nothofagus leoni has a restricted distribution in Chilean forests. This work determines suitable culture conditions forin vitro multiplication and rooting through shoots obtained from seedlings. Broadleaved Tree Medium was suitable for shoot multiplication. A medium with a pulse of 0.55 μM BA in the first subculture and two subcultures on BA-free medium resulted in a multiplication rate at day 63 of × 5.7, without callus growth or shoot neoformation. Rooted shoots of good quality (number and length of roots without callus growth) were obtained with 1.23 μM IBA (91.4% of rooting). The first roots appeared at day 11, reaching a higher speed of rooting at day 15.  相似文献   

Decomposition processes in coastal lagoons and their implications for the assessment of ecological health     

Margarita Menndez  Meritxell Abril  Miriam Colls  Xavier D. Quintana 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(3):450-460

A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes     

Olivier Larouche  Miriam L. Zelditch  Richard Cloutier 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(6):1138-1175

Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.  相似文献   

Rearing the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella,and the effect of diflubenzuron on its eggs     

K. R. S. Ascher  Miriam Eliyahu  E. Gurevitz  S. Renneh 《Phytoparasitica》1983,11(3-4):195-198

The rearing of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill., is described. The toxicity at 27° and 22° C of diflubenzuron against eggs ofC. gnidiella was assayed by dipping in aqueous dilutions of a 5% liquid experimental formulation and of a 25% wettable powder (w.p.). The w.p. was more active than the liquid formulation, and toxicity at 27° was higher than at 22°C, for both formulations. The LC-50s of the w.p. were 0.00025 and 0.006%, and of the liquid formulation 0.009 and 0.095 a.i., at 27° and 22°C, respectively; the LC-90s of the w.p. were 0.0033 and 0.037%, and of the liquid formulation 0.36 and 2.5% a.i., at 27° and 22° C, respectively.  相似文献   

The influence of different treatments causing emigration of nitidulid beetles     

E. Donahaye  S. Navarro  Miriam Rindner  R. Dias 《Phytoparasitica》1991,19(4):273-282

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different modified atmospheres, low pressures alone, methyl bromide (MB) alone, and MB in combination with CO₂ or low pressure, in causing nitidulid beetles to emigrate from infested dried fruit for which dates served as a model. All the treatments at 4 h and 16 h exposure and at 26°C, had a marked influence in causing insects to abandon the infested fruit. The most effective treatments at the two exposures were pressures of 50 mm Hg, and 1.4% O₂ in air, both of which caused over 87% of the initial insect populations to emigrate from the fruit. At 4 h exposure, 2.8% O₂ was less effective than 100 mm Hg or MB. At 16 h exposure, MB+CO₂ was third in effectiveness and 100 mm Hg was one of the least effective treatments.  相似文献   

Pestalotiopsis canker of cypress in Israel     

Z. Madar  Z. Solel  Miriam Kimchi 《Phytoparasitica》1991,19(1):79-81

The occurrence of a new type of canker on stems and branches of cypress trees(Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Israel is reported.Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert was isolated from the cankers. Its pathogenicity was confirmed by formation of typical disease symptoms in inoculated plants and reisolation of that fungus from the cankers. Canker development was significantly enhanced when extreme water stress (water potential of -4.7 MPa) was imposed prior to inoculation.  相似文献   

A method for sexing live adultMaladera matrida beetles     

K. R. S. Ascher  Miriam Eliyahu  Allam Gol’berg 《Phytoparasitica》1990,18(3):233-233

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Characterization of normal tissue complications in 51 dogs undergoing definitive pelvic region irradiation.     

Jennifer J Arthur  Miriam M Kleiter  Donald E Thrall  Amy F Pruitt 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(1):85-89

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Clinical and histologic outcome in a dog surviving massive hepatic necrosis     

Peter H. Kook  Miriam Baumstark  Maja Ruetten 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):879-884

This report describes the clinical and histologic recovery of a 2‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog presented with hypovolemic shock, markedly increased serum alanine amino transferase activity, and hemoabdomen. Emergency exploratory surgery revealed a friable liver with multiple capsule hemorrhages necessitating removal of the left lateral lobe. Histologic evaluation showed acute massive hepatic necrosis with centrilobular and midzonal distribution. The dog survived, and all monitored laboratory values normalized within 7 weeks. A liver biopsy taken 8 weeks after presentation revealed normal hepatic architecture with a few, randomly distributed neutrophilic foci. Follow‐up included intermittent determination of liver variables including liver function tests for a period of 7 years. The dog's health status, and all test results remained normal during this time. Complete recovery and good long‐term quality of life after life‐threatening acute liver failure secondary to massive hepatic necrosis is possible in dogs.  相似文献