Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a local anesthetic block on indicators of pain and distress during and after surgical castration in dairy calves     

Miriam S Martin  Michael D Kleinhenz  Abbie V Viscardi  Andrew K Curtis  Blaine T Johnson  Shawnee R Montgomery  Maria E Lou  Johann F Coetzee 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(1)

Castration is a routine procedure performed on beef and dairy operations in the United States. All methods of castration cause behavioral, physiologic, and neuroendocrine changes associated with pain. The American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners recommend that anesthesia and analgesia be administered during castration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome suspension, a novel, long-acting, local anesthetic formulation administered as a nerve block at castration. The authors chose to investigate this novel formulation as an alternative to the current industry standards using lidocaine nerve blocks alone or in combination with meloxicam. Thirty male Holstein calves, 16 to 20 wk of age, were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups prior to surgical castration: 1) bupivacaine liposome suspension block + oral placebo (BUP), 2) lidocaine block + oral placebo (LID), 3) lidocaine block + oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg) (LID + MEL), and 4) saline block + oral placebo (CON). Biomarkers were collected at −24 h and from 0 to 120 h post-castration and included infrared thermography, pressure mat gait analysis, chute defense and behavior scoring (pain and activity), and blood sampling for serum cortisol and prostaglandin E₂ metabolites (PGEMs). Responses were analyzed using repeated measures, with calf nested in treatment as a random effect, and treatment, time, and their interaction designated as fixed effects. The results from pressure mat gait analysis show that the CON had a shorter front limb stance time from baseline (−8.73%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −24.84% to 7.37%) compared with BUP and LID + MEL (>5.70%; 95% CI: −22.91% to 23.79%) (P < 0.03). The CON tended to have an increase in front limb force from baseline (6.31%; 95% CI: −1.79% to 14.41%) compared with BUP, LID, and LID + MEL (<−5.06%; 95% CI: −14.22% to 0.95%) (P < 0.04). The CON displayed higher counts of hunched standing (2.00; 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.32) compared with LID + MEL (1.43; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.72) (P = 0.05). The CON had higher cortisol concentrations at 24 h (7.70 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.52 to 13.87 ng/mL) relative to BUP (3.11 ng/mL; 95% CI: −2.56 to 8.79 ng/mL) (P = 0.002). At 4 and 24 h, LID + MEL had lower PGEM concentrations from baseline (−32.42% and −47.84%; 95% CI: −78.45% to −1.80%) compared with CON (27.86% and 47.63%; 95% CI: 7.49% to 82.98%) (P < 0.02). The administration of bupivacaine liposome suspension as a local anesthetic block at the time of castration was as effective at controlling pain as a multimodal approach of lidocaine and meloxicam.  相似文献   

Branch Dieback of Brown-Berried juniper in Israel caused byPhomopsis occulta     

Z. Madar  Miriam Kimchi 《Phytoparasitica》1998,26(2):127-128

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Some characteristics of an avocado strain of Tobacco mosaic Virus     

Miriam Alper  M. Bar-Joseph  R. Salomon  G. Loebenstein 《Phytoparasitica》1978,6(1):15-20

An isolate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-A) was obtained from healthy and sunblotch-infected avocado (Persea americana) seedlings. TMV-A resembled common TMV in particle morphology, RNA size and coat protein molecular weight. TMV-A coat protein differed from common TMV coat by a minimum of 22 amino acid exchanges including the presence of one methionine, and by the absence of cysteine. Spur formation between the precipitation lines of TMV, TMV-A and a TMV antiserum indicates certain differences among the antigenic determinants of these two strains.  相似文献   

Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus,in Culture Conditions     

Leonardo Martinez‐Cardenas  Edna F. Valdez‐Hernndez  Alfonso A. Gonzlez‐Díaz  Miriam Soria‐Barreto  María R. Castaeda‐Chavez  Fabiola Lango‐Reynoso  Javier M. Ruiz‐Velazco  Emilio Pea‐Messina 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(5):577-585

Natural populations of the opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus, are affected in Mexico by anthropogenic alteration of their habitat and unregulated fishing as this species is traded as an aquarium fish without formal records as occurs with other syngnathids around the world. M. brachyurus is an estuarine fish adapted to salinity fluctuations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on growth, condition, and survival of juvenile pipefish cultured for 4 wk at salinities of 0, 8, and 16 g/L. Pipefish were fed enriched Artemia nauplii maintaining a ration rate of 14% body weight per day (dry weight Artemia: wet weight fish). Pipefish cultured at 16 g/L showed lower survival (40%) than those at 0 and 8 g/L (100 and 96%, respectively), while juveniles cultured in 8 and 16 g/L were heavier (0.393 and 0.388 g, respectively), longer (9.9 cm), and grew faster (1.4) than those in 0 g/L (0.294 g, 9.1 cm, and 0.44, respectively). This study is the first to report that a salinity of 16 g/L compromises M. brachyurus culture potential and a salinity of 0 g/L caused poor growth while the optimal salinity for the species appears to be around 8 g/L.  相似文献   

Interaction of granular maize starch with lysophosphatidylcholine evaluated by calorimetry, mechanical and microscopy analysis     

Jorge F. Toro-Vazquez  Carlos A. Gmez-Aldapa  Antonio Aragon-Pia  Edmundo Brito-de la Fuente  Elena Dibildox-Alvarado  Miriam Char-Alonso 《Journal of Cereal Science》2003,38(3):269-279

In this study we evaluated the thermo-mechanical properties of maize starch pastes (80% wt/wt) under the effect of exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical spectrometry (DMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particular attention was paid to the development of the amylose-LPC inclusion complex. Results from SEM and DSC showed that with no exogenous LPC, granular maize starch developed the amylose network structure for starch gelling at 80–95 °C. In comparison, at 1.86 and 3.35% of LPC, heating up to 130 °C was needed to develop the three-dimensional network required for starch gelling. Results showed that at these LPC concentrations LPC interacted mainly with amylose within the starch granule. At concentrations ≥8.26% the LPC interacted with amylose both inside the granule and on the granule's surface. At such LPC concentrations heating to 130 °C did not fully develop the starch network structure for gelling. These results suggested that a higher thermal stability was achieved by starch granules because of LPC inclusion complex formation. DSC or DMS did not detect the development of this complex, probably because its formation took place below the onset of gelatinization under conditions of limited molecular mobility. Subsequently, a lower level of organization (i.e. complex in form I) was achieved than in the complex developed at high temperature and water excess (i.e. complex in form II). On the other hand, the changes in the starch granule structure observed by SEM as a function of the time–temperature variable were well described by the phase shift angle (δ) rheograms for starch pastes with and without addition of LPC.  相似文献   

Are guide dogs sensitive to the visual status of their owner? III. The case of using human deictic cues     

Delphine Sulinski  Miriam Ittyerah  Florence Gaunet 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):81-82

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Natural trematode infestation in feral Nebrodi Black pigs: Pathological investigations     

Maria Teresa Capucchio  Catalano Deborah  Di Marco Vincenzo  Russo Miriam  Aronica Vincenzo  Tomaselli Amedeo  Lazzara Alessandro  Amedeo Stefano  Scaglione Frine Eleonora  Dore Bruno  Guarda Franco 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

Few studies describe the parasites of pigs bred in the wild state, although pigs are a known reservoir of trematode infestation. This article reports the results of a retrospective study carried out from January 2003 to June 2007 on 3021 Nebrodi Black male and female pigs, regularly slaughtered, aged between 8 months and 4 years. Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum flukes were detected in 143 (4.37%) of 3021 livers. The predominant histological features were multifocal to diffuse chronic hepatitis, with fibrosis and severely thickened walls of the bile ducts and chronic parietal, sometimes nodular inflammation. F. hepatica infestation was frequently associated with marked hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the submucosal glands. The study results confirm the important role swine play in the transmission of trematode infestations, indicate the prevalence of these parasites in the Nebrodi Park area, and draw attention to the need for a prophylaxis plan to prevent the spread of infestation to ruminants and humans living in the area.  相似文献   

Strain variation within Campylobacter species in fecal samples from dogs and cats     

Koene MG  Houwers DJ  Dijkstra JR  Duim B  Wagenaar JA 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(1-2):199-205

To investigate the incidence of co-colonization of different strains of Campylobacter species present in canine and feline stool samples, isolates were recovered by culture from 40 samples from dogs (n=34) and cats (n=6). Animals were of different ages, with diarrhoea or without clinical signs. Three isolation procedures were used: two selective agars and a filtration method. In each stool sample, multiple colonies were identified to the species level by PCR, subsequently genotyped by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and pattern similarities (451 isolates) were calculated to investigate their phylogenetic relationships. Genetic heterogeneity of strains in individual stool samples was detected within the species Campylobacter jejuni, C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus, though to a different degree in dogs and cats. In 3 of the 34 (9%) canine samples, more than one genotype of the same Campylobacter species was present, while strain variation was detected in four of the six feline samples. The results show that preferably, multiple colonies should be analyzed in molecular epidemiological and aetiological studies.  相似文献   

Controlled laboratory system to study soil solarization and organic amendment effects on plant pathogens     

Klein E  Katan J  Austerweil M  Gamliel A 《Phytopathology》2007,97(11):1476-1483

ABSTRACT A controlled laboratory system for simulating soil solarization, with and without organic amendment, was developed and validated using physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The system consists of soil containers that are exposed to controlled and constant aeration, and to temperature fluctuations that resemble those occurring during solarization at various depths. This system enables a separate analysis of volatiles and other components. We recorded a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration in the soil atmosphere followed by a gradual increase to the original concentration during solarization in the field and heating in the simulation system of soil amended with wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris). The combined treatment of organic amendment and solarization (or heating in the controlled system) was highly effective at controlling populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Changes in soil pH, enzymatic activities, and microbial populations followed, in most cases, trends which were similar under both solarization and the heating system, when exposed to controlled aerobic conditions. The reliability and validity of the system in simulating physical, chemical, and biological processes taking place during solarization is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RETIC-HGB) for the diagnosis of iron-limited erythropoiesis in cats     

Miriam Keiner  Jannika Fuchs  Natali Bauer  Andreas Moritz 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2020,49(4):557-566

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