Cerebral infarction and meningoencephalitis following hot-iron disbudding of goat kids     

KG Thompson  RS Bateman  PJ Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):368-370

CASE HISTORY: Twelve of 150 goat kids, 4–10 days old, died 3 days after disbudding with a hot iron. Another 18 kids had been ill the previous day but survived following antibiotic therapy. Five of the dead kids were necropsied.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: There was necrosis and haemorrhage of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and frontal bone at disbudding sites in all five kids examined post mortem. Beneath disbudding sites in 4/5 kids there were bilateral, dark red, often cavitated areas of necrosis extending deep into the frontal cortex of the brain. Histologically, these areas consisted of coagulation necrosis, haemorrhage, vascular thrombosis and suppurative inflammation. Numerous bacteria, predominantly large Grampositive rods, were present in the necrotic brain tissue. In the remaining kid, bilateral areas of yellow discolouration and flattening of gyri in frontal lobes corresponded histologically to extensive polioencephalomalacia. A mixed growth of aerobes and anaerobes was cultured from the brain of one kid with suppurative lesions.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thermal disbudding of neonatal kids is widely practised in dairy goat herds and is considered the method of choice for disbudding in New Zealand. However, the skull of goat kids is much thinner than that of calves and the safety margin for thermal injury to the brain is markedly reduced. This report highlights the risks associated with the technique and its potential as a welfare issue.  相似文献   

A survey of internal parasites and parasite control on North Island deer farms     

P.R. Wilson  R.S. Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):203-215

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Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand: I. Pathology and diagnosis     

I.W. Lugton  G. Wobeser  R.S. Morris  P. Caley 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):140-150

Necropsies of 228 ferrets captured from eight areas in the North and South Islands provided material for an investigation into the epidemiology of tuberculosis in feral ferrets. Mycobacterial culture of pooled lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, respiratory and jejunal) identified the prevalence of infection to be much higher than that estimated from gross lesions only. Seventy-three of the 228 animals examined (32%) were diagnosed as tuberculous. Fifty-three culture-positive ferrets and 18 seemingly uninfected animals were subjected to detailed histopathological examination. The outcomes of these investigations, including the characteristics of the disease, distribution of lesions and aids to diagnosis, are presented.

Of the feral carnivores found in New Zealand, the disease persists at high prevalence only in ferrets, and is probably maintained principally by ingestion of tuberculous carrion. The course of the disease may be prolonged in some ferrets, but tuberculosis eventually causes the death of many infected animals. Microscopic hepatic granulomas may be considered pathognomonic of the disease, and have potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in ferrets with no gross lesions.  相似文献   

Demographic profile of the veterinary profession in New Zealand, 1985     

C.J. Boland  R.S. Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):128-132

The demographic characteristics of the veterinary profession in New Zealand are examined using information supplied by registered veterinarians to the Veterinary Surgeons Board in their applications for annual practising certificates in 1985. Comparisons are made with the veterinary professions in other similar countries, and with the medical and paramedical professions in New Zealand. In 1985 1308 registered veterinarians were working in New Zealand and 304 were overseas, whereas in 1976 the equivalent figures were 748 and 182. This represents an increase of 73% in the number of registered veterinarians in the last 10 years. Eighteen percent of veterinarians were female. The mean age of veterinarians was 38 years, but females in the profession were on average much younger (32 years) than males (42 years). Clinical practice provides employment for 70% of veterinarians: of these 59% work principally with farm animals and 41% with non-farm animals. The remaining veterinarians are employed by Government (22%), University (5%) and Industry (3%). The current demographic structure of the profession has been markedly influenced by the opening of New Zealand's only veterinary school at Massey University in 1963. Differences from other medical professional populations in New Zealand and overseas principally reflect the marked change in the number and sex ratio of graduates entering the veterinary profession since that time. It will take about another twenty years before the population reaches a stable age and sex structure, assuming that current graduation patterns persist throughout that period. Because the structure of the population is changing, considerable caution is needed in predicting future employment trends from data for a single year.  相似文献   

An experiment to measure the dose-response relationship of ovulation rate to FSH in cows selected with a history of twinning     

C. A. Morris  A. M. Day  A. J. Peterson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):189-191

Fifteen mature cows and 12 two-year-old heifers were superovulated with purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) to study the relationship between FSH-P dose level and response (measured as number of palpated corpora lutea (CL) and plasma progesterone concentration). The cattle came from a high prolificacy breeding herd for which cows were originally purchased after producing at least two sets of twins; the heifers were bred in the herd. At dose levels of 8, 16, 24 and 28 mg FSH-P in cows, averages respectively of 2.3, 3.5, 6.9 and 11.1 palpable CLs were found. There was an average difference in response of two CLs between heifers and cows (higher in heifers, though not significantly so). The relationship found between progesterone concentration and CL number could be a useful indicator of superovulation success in future experiments. The regression for cows was 1.25±0.11 ng/ml progesterone per unit increase in CL number, with a correlation of 0.92 between the two variables over the CL range 1 to 25. The corresponding value for heifers was 2.74±0.24 ng/ml per CL (correlation 0.94), or 2.50±0.40 ng/ml per CL (correlation 0.83) if one record (29 CL, 84 ng progesterone/ml) was excluded.  相似文献   

Descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in New Zealand     

EJ Neumann  SSA Dobbinson  EBM Welch  RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):346-352

CASE HISTORY: Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. A definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in New Zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. In addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease and epidemiology consultants, and animal health officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) were involved in conducting farm visits and submission of diagnostic specimens.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Pathogens known to be endemic in the pig industry in New Zealand as well as likely exotic diseases were excluded as causative agents of the outbreak. Clinical signs including dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition were consistent with the New Zealand case definition for PMWS. Interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, generalised lymph-node enlargement, and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) inclusion bodies were consistently identified in affected pigs. Classical swine fever virus (CSFv), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Influenza virus were ruled out, using molecular and traditional virological techniques. Spread of the disease between farms was hypothesised to be facilitated by locally migrating flocks of black-backed seagulls. The original source of the disease incursion was not identified.

DIAGNOSIS: Based on the consistent presence of circovirusassociated lesions in lymphoid tissues in combination with generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, histiocytic interstitial pneumonia, clinical wasting, and poor response to antibiotic therapy, a diagnosis of PMWS was made.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PMWS should be considered in the differential diagnoses of sudden onset of respiratory dyspnoea, diarrhoea, and rapid loss of body condition in young pigs in New Zealand pig herds.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and matrilineal genetic origin of fat-rumped sheep in Ethiopia     

Nigussie  Helen  Mwacharo  Joram M.  Osama  Sarah  Agaba  Morris  Mekasha  Yoseph  Kebede  Kefelegn  Abegaz  Solomon  Pal  Sanjoy Kumar 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1393-1404

Ethiopia is home to a diverse gene pool of indigenous sheep populations. Therefore, a better understanding of genetic variation holds the key to future utilization through conservation. Three of these breeds, Afar, Blackhead Somali, and Hararghe Highland, are found in eastern Ethiopia where they contribute significantly to the livelihood of most pastoralist, agro-pastoralist, and smallholder farmers. These indigenous sheep are recognized on the basis of morphotype and their genetic distinction remains unknown. Here, to assess genetic variation, and matrilineal genetic origin and relationship of fat-rumed sheep found in eastern Ethiopia, 300 individuals from the three breeds were genotyped for 22 microsatellite markers and sequenced for the mitochondrial DNA displacement loop (mtDNA d-loop) region. The overall H_O and H_E were 0.57 and 0.75, respectively. Differentiation statistics revealed that a high proportion (97%) of the total genetic variation was explained by differences between individuals within populations. Genotype assignment independent of the population of origin showed K?=?2 to be the optimum number of genetic backgrounds present in the dataset. This result was further confirmed by mtDNA D-loop sequences comparison in which the matrilineal genetic origin of eastern Ethiopia sheep is from two haplotype groups (types A and B) among the five haplotypes globally observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that the sheep populations from three breeds originated from two ancestral genetic backgrounds that may have diverged prior to their introduction to Ethiopia. However, to obtain a complete picture of the evolutionary dynamics of Ethiopian indigenous sheep, more samples and populations from within and outside of the country will need to be analyzed.

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Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered flunixin in greyhound dogs     

Tim Morris  Stuart W. Paine  Paul Zahra  Eric Li  Sally Colgan  Steven Karamatic 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(5):505-510

Medication control in greyhound racing requires information from administration studies that measure drug levels in the urine as well as plasma, with time points that extend into the terminal phase of excretion. To characterize the plasma and the urinary pharmacokinetics of flunixin and enable regulatory advice for greyhound racing in respect of both medication and residue control limits, flunixin meglumine was administered intravenously on one occasion to six different greyhounds at the label dose of 1 mg/kg and the levels of flunixin were measured in plasma for up to 96 hr and in urine for up to 120 hr. Using the standard methodology for medication control, the irrelevant plasma concentration was determined as 1 ng/ml and the irrelevant urine concentration was determined as 30 ng/ml. This information can be used by regulators to determine a screening limit, detection time and a residue limit. The greyhounds with the highest average urine pH had far greater flunixin exposure compared with the greyhounds that had the lowest. This is entirely consistent with the extent of ionization predicted by the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. This variability in the urine pharmacokinetics reduces with time, and at 72 hr postadministration, in the terminal phase, the variability in urine and plasma flunixin concentrations are similar and should not affect medication control.  相似文献   

Owner perceptions of radiotherapy treatment for veterinary patients with cancer     

Patrick A. D. Smith  Shona Burnside  Jenny R. Helm  Joanna S. Morris 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):221-233

Veterinary clients may have trepidation about treating their pet with radiotherapy because of concerns about radiation side effects or repeated anaesthetics. The purpose of this study is to assess whether owners' attitudes towards veterinary radiotherapy, including concerns over side effects, change during the course of treatment, and whether radiotherapy was perceived to affect pets' quality of life (QOL). A prospective cohort study of clients from 2012 to 2015 was performed. Pets received palliative or definitive radiotherapy for various tumours. Clients completed questionnaires before, during and after radiotherapy. Questions assessed owner preconceptions before treatment, including side effect expectations, actual side effects experienced and overall satisfaction with the process. In addition, at each time point, the owners assessed their pet's QOL using a simple numerical scale. Forty‐nine patients were included. After completing treatment, owners were significantly less concerned about potential side effects of radiotherapy (P < 0.001), side effects associated with repeat anaesthetics (P < 0.001), and about radiotherapy in general (P < 0.001). QOL did not show a significant change at any point during or after treatment. Following treatment, 94% reported that the experience was better than expected and 100% supported the use of radiotherapy in pets. This is the first prospective study evaluating client attitudes and satisfaction before and after radiotherapy treatment in pets. The results indicate that radiotherapy is well tolerated, and the anxiety associated with radiotherapy is significantly alleviated after experiencing the process. These results will help veterinarians allay client concerns, and will hopefully lead to an increase in clients pursuing radiotherapy in pets.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Low Soil-Disturbance Treatments for Improving Native Plant Establishment in Stable Crested Wheatgrass Stands     

Christo Morris  Lesley R. Morris  Thomas A. Monaco 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(2):237-248

Past seedings of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn. and A. desertorum [Fisch. ex Link] Schult.) have the potential to persist as stable, near-monospecific stands, thereby necessitating active intervention to initiate greater species diversity and structural complexity of vegetation. However, the success of suppression treatments and native species seedings is limited by rapid recovery of crested wheatgrass and the influx of exotic annual weeds associated with herbicidal control and mechanical soil disturbances. We designed a long-term study to evaluate the efficacy of low-disturbance herbicide and seed-reduction treatments applied together or alone and either once or twice before seeding native species. Consecutive herbicide applications reduced crested wheatgrass density for up to 6 ? 7 yr depending on study site, but seed removal did not reduce crested wheatgrass abundance; however, in some cases combining herbicide application with seed removal significantly increased densities of seeded species relative to herbicide alone, especially for the site with a more northern aspect. Although our low-disturbance treatments avoided the pitfalls of secondary exotic weed influx, we conclude that crested wheatgrass suppression must reduce established density to values much lower than 4 ? 7 plants/m², a range that has not been obtained by ours or any previous study, in order to diminish its competitive influence on seed native species. In addition, our results indicated that site differences in environmental stress and land-use legacies exacerbate the well-recognized limitations of native species establishment and persistence in the Great Basin region.  相似文献