Methionine+cystine requirement of broiler chickens fed low-density diets under tropical conditions     

Aftab U  Ashraf M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(3):363-369

Two experiments were conducted to determine the M+C requirement of straight-run broiler chickens (Hubbard x Hubbard) during the period 4–21 (Exp. 1) and 21–40 (Exp. 2) days of age. Experiments were conducted during summer months (July–August) in open-sided houses, thus exposing chicks to chronic heat stress. Daily min-max temperature averaged 26–37C (Exp. 1) and 23–36C (Exp. 2). M+C deficient basal diets were formulated to contain low-nutrient-density, i.e., 2750 kcal per kg ME, 20.1% CP (Exp. 1), and 2780 kcal per kg ME, 17.0% CP (Exp. 2). Diets were supplemented with DL-methionine to provide total M+C level ranging from 0.64 to 0.89 % (six increments) and 0.54 to 0.79% (six increments), respectively in experiment 1 and 2. Requirements (0.95 of the maximum quadratic response) were found to be 0.77 and 0.75% total M+C, respectively for gain and feed efficiency, during 4–21 days; and 0.67% total M+C for both gain and feed efficiency during 21–40 days of age. Calculated on the digestible M+C basis, the estimates were 0.67 and 0.65% respectively for gain and feed efficiency during 4–21 days of age; and 0.60% for gain and feed efficiency during 21–40 days of age. Primary audience: Nutritionists, Formulators, Growers, and Poultry Researchers.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic activity of Swertia chirata against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep     

Iqbal Z  Lateef M  Khan MN  Jabbar A  Akhtar MS 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(6):463-465

This paper describes in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activities of Swertia chirata. In vitro studies revealed that at 25 mg/ml (P>/=0.05) the crude aqueous (CAE) and methanolic extracts (CME) of S. chirata whole plant showed an anthelmintic effect on live Haemonchus contortus. Moreover, in the in vivo study, the whole plant of S. chirata administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME at the dose of 3 g/kg to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes, showed a significant reduction in egg per gram of faeces.  相似文献   

Influence of inoculation technique on the endophytic colonization of rice by Pantoea sp. isolated from sweet potato and by Enterobacter sp. isolated from sugarcane     

Muhammad ZAKRIA  Kana UDONISHI  Tsugufumi OGAWA  Akihiro YAMAMOTO  Yuichi SAEKI  Shoichiro AKAO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(2):224-236

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1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-dependent biosynthesis of ethylene in soils of different texture     

Zilli H. Nazli  Azeem Khalid  Muhammad Khalid  Muhammad Arshad   《Pedobiologia》2008,51(5-6):351-358

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is an established intermediate in methionine-derived ethylene (C₂H₄) biosynthesis in plants. This study reports concentration-dependent ACC-derived C₂H₄ biosynthesis in two differently textured soils (silt clay loam and fine loam). The gas chromatographic analysis showed that addition of up to 10 mmol l⁻¹ ACC significantly stimulated C₂H₄ biosynthesis in both soils while no C₂H₄ was detected in sterilized soils amended with a sterilized ACC solution. Kinetic analysis revealed that the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE)-mediated reaction was more linear in the silt clay loam (R²=0.992) than in the fine loam soil (R²=0.668) when reaction velocity (V) was plotted against substrate concentration [S] that ranged from 2.5 to 10 mmol l⁻¹. Within this range of [S], a first-order reaction was observed. Amendment of soils either with glucose (C source) or NH₄NO₃ (N source) strongly inhibited ACC-dependent C₂H₄ production. Maximum C₂H₄ production in both soils was recorded at a substrate concentration of 10 mmol l⁻¹ when reaction mixture was maintained at a pH of 7.0 and incubated for a period of 120 h at 35 °C while shaking. Among the nine trace elements tested, seven showed a positive effect on ACC-dependent biosynthesis of C₂H₄ in both soils, while Fe(III) and Ag(I) inhibited the biotransformation of ACC into C₂H₄. However, three of the five tested electron complexes, added at 1.0 mmol l⁻¹, had inhibitory effects on ACC-derived C₂H₄ biosynthesis while mannitol and hydroquinone stimulated C₂H₄ production in both soils. The addition of antibiotics (1.0 mmol l⁻¹) to ACC-amended soils significantly reduced C₂H₄ production in both soils. Overall, C₂H₄ production from ACC was greater in the silt clay loam soil than in the fine loam soil. Knowledge of the factors affecting C₂H₄ biosynthesis in soil could be of great significance since even very low concentrations (ppb) of C₂H₄ in the root environment are known to affect plant growth dramatically.  相似文献   

Studying the extent of genetic diversity among Gossypium arboreum L. genotypes/cultivars using DNA fingerprinting     

Mehboob-ur-Rahman  Tahira Yasmin  Nabila Tabbasam  Ihsan Ullah  Muhammad Asif  Yusuf Zafar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):331-339

Genetic diversity is an area of concern for sustaining crop yield. Information on genetic relatedness/diversity among Gossypium arboreum L. cultivars/genotypes is scanty. We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to assess the genetic divergence/relationship among 30 genotypes/cultivars of G. arboreum. Of 45 primers surveyed, 63% were polymorphic. Out of the total number of loci amplified, 36% were polymorphic. The calculated genetic similarity between the cultivars/genotypes was in the range of 47.05–98.73%. Two genotypes, HK-244 and Entry-17, were the most distantly related. The average genetic relatedness among all the genotypes was 80.46%. However, most of the cultivated varieties showed a close genetic relationship, indicating a narrow genetic base in comparison to the non-cultivated germplasm. The calculated coefficients were used to construct a dendrogram using the unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithm, which grouped the genotypes/cultivars into two major and three smaller clusters. The study is the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity of G. arboreum germplasm and identifies cultivars that will be useful in extending the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties and future genome mapping projects.  相似文献   

The Effects of Space Dimension and Temperature on the Cross Mating of Three Cryptic Species of the Bemisia tabaci Complex in China     

LI Xiao-xi  LI Shao-jian  XUE Xia  Muhammad Z Ahmed  REN Shun-xiang  Andrew G S Cuthbertson  QIU Bao-li 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(2):197-205

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Role of Livestock Sector in the Socio-Economic Uplift of the Rural Pakistan     

Tunio Muhammad  Tarique Shuming  Yang Mohsina  Zubair Jing  Qiu Gang  Chen Ailiang  Chen 《农业科学与技术》2012,(10):1127-1133

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Genetic diversity and recombination analysis based on capsid protein gene of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chilli veinal mottle virus</Emphasis> isolates from Pakistan     

Adnan Ahmad  Muhammad Ashfaq 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(4):891-900

Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), is a Potyvirus that causes severe yield losses in capsicum worldwide including Pakistan. In the current study, genetic diversity and molecular evolution of ChiVMV were explored based on the CP gene sequences. In multiple sequence alignments of the CP gene of 29 ChiVMV isolates, Pakistani isolates shared 82–92% and 78–96% nucleotide and amino acid identities, respectively with other ChiVMV isolates. In nucleotide and amino acid based phylogenetic analysis of the CP gene, the Pakistani isolates clustered with Indian (JN692501 and JN624776) and Chinese (KC711055, KC711055, JX088636 and HQ218936) isolates in a separate clade. In all Pakistani isolates, conserved motifs (DAG, WCIEN, QMKAAL, and AFDF) were located at 6–8, 141–145, 222–225, and 242-248th amino acid positions, respectively. Eleven recombination events were detected in the isolates investigated. One Pakistani isolate KX236451 was suggested to be a recombinant between the Pakistani isolate (KT876050) and the Indian isolate (JN692501). Most of the codons were found under negative selection except for codons at 28, 34, and 38th positions that were found under positive selection by REL method. An infrequent gene flow was observed between the ChiVMV isolates from Pakistan and other countries of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic diversity of Pakistani isolates of ChiVMV based on recombination and phylogenetic analysis. Findings of this study may be helpful in developing sustainable management strategies against ChiVMV not only in Pakistan but also in other countries, ultimately resulting in enhanced and good quality production of chilli crop.  相似文献   

Does selective hormesis impact herbicide resistance evolution in weeds? ACCase‐resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. as a case study          下载免费PDF全文

Regina G Belz  Muhammad B Farooq  Jean Wagner 《Pest management science》2018,74(8):1880-1891

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Characterization of mean stem density,fibre length and lignin from two Acacia species and their hybrid     

Asif Javed Muhammad  Seong Siang Ong  Wickneswari Ratnam 《林业研究》2018,(2)

The objective of this study was to compare the wood properties related to wood pulp quality of two widely planted Acacia species viz.Acacia mangium Willd.and Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.Ex Benth.and their hybrid.Acid insoluble lignin content(Klason),mean stem density and fibre length differed considerably among the species and hybrids.A.mangium possessed a high percent of lignin content compared to A.auriculiformis and the Acacia hybrid.However,mean stem density of A.auriculiformis was higher than A.mangium and the hybrid.Fibre length of heartwood tissues was generally shorter than that of sapwood tissues.The hybrid had longer fibres than the parent species.Lignin was negatively correlated with mean stem density.Generally,the wood properties of the hybrid were superior to its parent species.The significant intraspecific variation observed for wood properties of Acacia species could be used in breeding superior hybrids combining desirable traits of the two species.Considering thedifficulty involved in accurately measuring the lignin content compared to mean stem density,selection for plants with low lignin content can be achieved by indirect selection of high mean stem density.  相似文献