Compositional changes in 'Bartlett' pear ( Pyrus communis L.) cell wall polysaccharides as affected by sunlight conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raffo MD  Ponce NM  Sozzi GO  Vicente AR  Stortz CA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12155-12162

Preharvest conditions can have a great impact on fruit quality attributes and postharvest responses. Firmness is an important quality attribute in pear, and excessive softening increases susceptibility to bruising and decay, thus limiting fruit postharvest life. Textural characteristics of fruits are determined at least in part by cell wall structure and disassembly. Few studies have analyzed the influence of fruit preharvest environment in softening, cell wall composition, and degradation. In the current work 'Bartlett' pears grown either facing the sun (S) or in the shade (H) were harvested and stored for 13 days at 20 °C. An evaluation of fruit soluble solids, acidity, color, starch degradation, firmness, cell wall yield, pectin and matrix glycan solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition was carried out. Sun-exposed pears showed more advanced color development and similar levels of starch degradation, sugars, and acids than shaded fruit. Sunlight-grown pears were at harvest firmer than shade-grown pears. Both fruit groups softened during storage at 20 °C, but even after ripening, sun-exposed pears remained firmer. Sunlight exposure did not have a great impact on pectin molecular weight. Instead, at harvest a higher proportion of water-solubilized uronic acids and alkali-solubilized neutral sugars and a larger mean molecular size of tightly bound glycans was found in sun-exposed pears. During ripening cell wall catabolism took place in both sun- and shade-grown pears, but pectin solubilization was clearly delayed in sun-exposed fruit. This was associated with decreased removal of RG I-arabinan side chains rather than with reduced depolymerization.  相似文献   

Quantitative mass spectrometry identifies insulin signaling targets in C. elegans     

Dong MQ  Venable JD  Au N  Xu T  Park SK  Cociorva D  Johnson JR  Dillin A  Yates JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5838):660-663

DAF-2, an insulin receptor-like protein, regulates metabolism, development, and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. In a quantitative proteomic study, we identified 86 proteins that were more or less abundant in long-lived daf-2 mutant worms than in wild-type worms. Genetic studies on a subset of these proteins indicated that they act in one or more processes regulated by DAF-2, including entry into the dauer developmental stage and aging. In particular, we discovered a compensatory mechanism activated in response to reduced DAF-2 signaling, which involves the protein phosphatase calcineurin.  相似文献   

Control of pancreas and liver gene expression by HNF transcription factors     

Odom DT  Zizlsperger N  Gordon DB  Bell GW  Rinaldi NJ  Murray HL  Volkert TL  Schreiber J  Rolfe PA  Gifford DK  Fraenkel E  Bell GI  Young RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5662):1378-1381

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Inversions and gene order shuffling in Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus     

Sharakhov IV  Serazin AC  Grushko OG  Dana A  Lobo N  Hillenmeyer ME  Westerman R  Romero-Severson J  Costantini C  Sagnon N  Collins FH  Besansky NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):182-185

In tropical Africa, Anopheles funestus is one of the three most important malaria vectors. We physically mapped 157 A. funestus complementary DNAs (cDNAs) to the polytene chromosomes of this species. Sequences of the cDNAs were mapped in silico to the A. gambiae genome as part of a comparative genomic study of synteny, gene order, and sequence conservation between A. funestus and A. gambiae. These species are in the same subgenus and diverged about as recently as humans and chimpanzees. Despite nearly perfect preservation of synteny, we found substantial shuffling of gene order along corresponding chromosome arms. Since the divergence of these species, at least 70 chromosomal inversions have been fixed, the highest rate of rearrangement of any eukaryote studied to date. The high incidence of paracentric inversions and limited colinearity suggests that locating genes in one anopheline species based on gene order in another may be limited to closely related taxa.  相似文献   

Soil organic matter and sorption capacity under different soil management practices in a productive vineyard     

Vladimír Šimanský  Nora Polláková 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1145-1154

The effect of soil organic matter (SOM) on sorptive parameters under different soil management practices in Rendzic Leptosol was studied. In 2006, an experiment of different management practices in a productive vineyard was established in the locality of Nitra-Dra?ovce (Slovakia). The following treatments were established: (1) control (grass without fertilization), (2) T (tillage), (3) T + FYM (tillage + farmyard manure), (4) G + NPK3 (grass + 3rd intensity of fertilization for vineyards), (5) G + NPK1 (grass + 1st intensity of fertilization for vineyards). Soil samples were collected every month during the year 2010. Obtained results showed increased hydrolytic acidity (by 23%), sum of basic cations (by 37%) and decreased total cation exchange capacity (CEC) (by 36%) with higher doses of fertilization in comparison to control. Application of farmyard manure had a positive effect on the increase in the SOM cation sorption capacity. Positive correlations between pH and sum of basic cations (SBC) (r = 0.493, p ≤ 0.001), CEC (r = 0.498, p ≤ 0.001) and cation sorption capacity of SOM (r = 0.391, p ≤ 0.01) were observed. Higher values of labile carbon:potentially mineralizable nitrogen (C_L:N_pot) ratio corresponded with lesser CEC, SBC and base saturation values in the soil. With increased humus quality (higher values of humic acid:fulvic acid (C_HA:C_FA) ratio), cation sorption capacity of SOM significantly increased (r = 0.329, p ≤ 0.01). The results of this study proved that the application of farmyard manure had a positive effect on the increase of SOM sorption capacity, but higher doses of mineral fertilizers added to soil had a negative effect.  相似文献   

Tick-Borne Diseases—Lyme Disease,Anaplasmosis, Piroplasmosis     

Nora S. Grenager 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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Inferred origin of several Native American potatoes from the Pacific Northwest and Southeast Alaska using SSR markers     

Linhai Zhang  Charles R. Brown  David Culley  Barbara Baker  Elizabeth Kunibe  Hazel Denney  Cassandra Smith  Neuee Ward  Tia Beavert  Julie Coburn  J. J. Pavek  Nora Dauenhauer  Richard Dauenhauer 《Euphytica》2010,174(1):15-29

Certain Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest and Alaska of the USA have grown potatoes in their gardens for many generations. In this study, the origin of several potatoes collected from Native gardens was investigated. Fourteen SSR markers covering the 12 potato homologs yielding a total of 199 alleles were amplified and scored in Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena (52 accessions), S. tuberosum Group. Tuberosum (39 accessions) and wild species (6 accessions). “Ozette” from the Makah Nation on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State was closely related to “Maria’s” and “Kasaan” potatoes collected from Native Alaskan gardens in Southeast Alaska. These three potatoes were more closely related to either two Mexican and one Peruvian andigena accessions or three Chilean Group Tuberosum accessions, while being relatively less related to the old European or modern varieties and most distantly related to Group Andigenum. “To-Le-Ak” was closely related to two Chilean tuberosum accessions and one old European variety. All Native potatoes harbored T-type chloroplast genome indicating that their maternal lineage is shared with Chilean Group Tuberosum. Using genetic relationship as a guide to origin it appears plausible that the Native American/Alaskan cultivars are either directly or indirectly from Mexico and Chile. These Native potato cultivars present a possible second route of diffusion distinct from the South America to Europe transfer which has been assumed to the sole means by which potato was spread out of South America.  相似文献   

How Does Cushing’s Disease Relate to Laminitis? Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment     

Nora Grenager 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

The pathophysiology of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and its connection to laminitis have been the focus of much recent research. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatments of PPID, as well as the proposed pathogenesis of laminitis in these horses. An increased understanding of the disease process, along with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, can often minimize the devastating laminitis often associated with PPID.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of the Grain Protein of New Amaranths Varieties     

Aguilar  Elba Graciela  Albarracín  Graciela de Jesús  Uñates  María Angelina  Piola  Hugo Daniel  Camiña  José Manuel  Escudero  Nora Lilian 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2015,70(1):21-26

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The efforts for promoting the consumption of food of plant origin are increasingly growing. The amaranth grain is an important vegetable protein source, superior...  相似文献   

A Historical Look at Russet Burbank Potato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) Quality Under Different Storage Regimes     

Yi Wang  Tina L. Brandt  Nora L. Olsen 《American Journal of Potato Research》2016,93(5):474-484

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