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Pain E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5747):520
Twenty-five-year-old mathematician Julien Marché has just started his first faculty job at the Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris. 相似文献
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Hall N Karras M Raine JD Carlton JM Kooij TW Berriman M Florens L Janssen CS Pain A Christophides GK James K Rutherford K Harris B Harris D Churcher C Quail MA Ormond D Doggett J Trueman HE Mendoza J Bidwell SL Rajandream MA Carucci DJ Yates JR Kafatos FC Janse CJ Barrell B Turner CM Waters AP Sinden RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5706):82-86
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AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines Task Force Members Hellyer P Rodan I Brunt J Downing R Hagedorn JE Robertson SA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(6):466-480
Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets. 相似文献
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Franz diffusion cells containing uniformly dehydrated equine blood clots to simulate fibrinous eschar were used to measure the rate of debridement of fibrin by novel and traditional wound dressings, under standardised conditions of temperature, pH and humidity. Significant increases in protein breakdown occurred within 24 hours with all the dressings, but not thereafter. In general, dressings hydrated in normal saline were better as debriding agents than dressings hydrated in water. Autolytic debriding agents were 47 per cent more effective than chemical debriding agents; specifically, hydrofibre and gauze dressings hydrated in saline broke down more than 3500 microg/ml of protein whereas dressings impregnated with proteolytic enzymatic agents digested less than 1400 microg/ml. 相似文献
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Matutini Florence Baudry Jacques Fortin Marie-Josée Pain Guillaume Pithon Joséphine 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(12):3557-3573
Context
Species distribution modelling is a common tool in conservation biology but two main criticisms remain: (1) the use of simplistic variables that do not account for species movements and/or connectivity and (2) poor consideration of multi-scale processes driving species distributions.
ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if including multi-scale and fine-scale movement processes in SDM predictors would improve accuracy of SDM for low-mobility amphibian species compared with species-level analysis.
MethodsWe tested and compared different SDMs for nine amphibian species with four different sets of predictors: (1) simple distance-based predictors; (2) single-scale compositional predictors; (3) multi-scale compositional predictors with a priori selection of scale based on knowledge of species mobility and scale-of-effect; and (4) multi-scale compositional predictors calculated using a friction-based functional grain to account for resource accessibility with landscape resistance to movement.
ResultsUsing friction-based functional grain predictors produced slight to moderate improvements of SDM performance at large scale. The multi-scale approach, with a priori scale selection, led to ambiguous results depending on the species studied, in particular for generalist species.
ConclusionWe underline the potential of using a friction-based functional grain to improve SDM predictions for species-level analysis.
相似文献17.
J. L. Mawdsley A. E. Brooks R. J. Merry B. F. Pain 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,23(2):215-220
A novel greenhouse based soil tilting table apparatus was used to investigate the potential for movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum both through and across a low permeability soil following the application of contaminated livestock waste to land. Soil blocks supported at an angle of 7.5% by the soil table were inoculated at one end with oocyst seeded slurry and subsequently irrigated at regular intervals over a 70-day period. Movement of the pathogen in runoff was demonstrated for at least 21 days and in one case in excess of 70 days from the time of inoculation. Water was also lost following percolation down through the soil profile and significant numbers of oocysts were also lost via this route, average numbers leached decreasing from 8.36±0.56×106 at day 1 to 2.27±0.73×104 at day 70. At the end of the study cores were removed from the soil blocks to determine the location of oocysts remaining within the soil. Numbers decreased down through the soil profile and as the distance from the point of inoculation increased so that 70 cm from the point of inoculation no oocysts could be detected in the soil at any depth. This implies that oocysts contained in runoff stay in the aqueous phase and do not precipitate out onto the soil surface, suggesting that even if the distances travelled are increased there may still be a significant pollution threat. 相似文献
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Gardner MJ Bishop R Shah T de Villiers EP Carlton JM Hall N Ren Q Paulsen IT Pain A Berriman M Wilson RJ Sato S Ralph SA Mann DJ Xiong Z Shallom SJ Weidman J Jiang L Lynn J Weaver B Shoaibi A Domingo AR Wasawo D Crabtree J Wortman JR Haas B Angiuoli SV Creasy TH Lu C Suh B Silva JC Utterback TR Feldblyum TV Pertea M Allen J Nierman WC Taracha EL Salzberg SL White OR Fitzhugh HA Morzaria S Venter JC Fraser CM Nene V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):134-137
We report the genome sequence of Theileria parva, an apicomplexan pathogen causing economic losses to smallholder farmers in Africa. The parasite chromosomes exhibit limited conservation of gene synteny with Plasmodium falciparum, and its plastid-like genome represents the first example where all apicoplast genes are encoded on one DNA strand. We tentatively identify proteins that facilitate parasite segregation during host cell cytokinesis and contribute to persistent infection of transformed host cells. Several biosynthetic pathways are incomplete or absent, suggesting substantial metabolic dependence on the host cell. One protein family that may generate parasite antigenic diversity is not telomere-associated. 相似文献
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Grassland plots were dressed with different amounts of cow slurry in January or March and grazed by dairy heifers at intervals from late April to August. In the first experiment slurry was applied at levels up to 56 tonnes/ha (22±4 tons/ac) in March. Total herbage DM production was directly proportional to the amount of slurry applied. There was no effect of treatment on percentage herbage utilization. In the second experiment slurry was applied at levels up to 100 t/ha (40 tons/ac) in January or in March. There was no significant effect of time or level of slurry application on herbage production or on animal intake, but the behaviour of the heifers was modified during the first eight weeks after plots had been dressed with 75 or 100 t/ha (30 or 40 tons/ac). 相似文献