A tetraploid hybrid plant from 4x × 2x crosses in Vitis and its origin     

Sung Min Park  Akira Wakana  Michikazu Hiramatsu  Kenji Uresino 《Euphytica》2002,126(3):345-353

To study the origin of unreduced (2n) gametes in diploid Vitis cultivars, we surveyed the occurrence of tetraploid hybrid seedlings from 40 interploid crosses with five tetraploid and seven diploid cultivars. A total of 250 seedlings from the interploid crosses were established through embryo culture and by seed sowing. In 20 2x × 4x crosses, no tetraploid hybrid seedlings were derived from 8,902pollinations. In 20 4x × 2x crosses, two tetraploid hybrid seedlings were obtained from 8,057 pollinations. Investigation of isozyme genotypes of the two tetraploid seedlings using three variable enzyme systems indicated that one of the two seedlings resulted from the union of a diploid egg with a 2n male gamete and that failure of second meiotic division resulted in the formation of the 2n male gamete. The percentage of giant pollen grains in `Muscat Bailey A', a pollen parent of the tetraploid seedling, was relatively high(about 5.9%) and 10.9% of the giant pollen grains germinated on agar medium. These results suggested that 2n pollen of diploid cultivars are useful for breeding tetraploid grape. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Cultivars   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D.-J. Kang  Y.-J. Seo  J.-D. Lee  R. Ishii  K. U. Kim  D. H. Shin  S. K. Park  S. W. Jang  I.-J. Lee 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(4):273-282

Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt-tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt-sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm ). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt-tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt-tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post-application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl-treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post-application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt-stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt-sensitive cultivar rather than the salt-tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones.  相似文献   

Assessments of salt tolerance in a bottle gourd line expressing the Arabidopsis H+‐pyrophosphatase AVP1 gene and in a watermelon plant grafted onto a transgenic bottle gourd rootstock          下载免费PDF全文

Su M. Jeon  Sunghun Park  Aung H. Naing  Chang K. Kim 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):233-238

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Using Low-Cost Iron Byproducts from Automotive Manufacturing to Remediate DDT     

T. Satapanajaru  P. Anurakpongsatorn  A. Songsasen  H. Boparai  J. Park 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,175(1-4):361-374

Water, soil and sediment contaminated with DDT poses a threat to the environment and human health. Previous studies have shown that zerovalent iron (ZVI) can effectively remediate water contaminated with pesticides like DDT, metolachlor, alachlor. Because the type of iron can significantly influence the efficiency and expense of ZVI technology, finding a cheaper and easily available iron source is one way of making this technology more affordable for field application. This study determined the effects of iron source, solution pH, and presence of Fe or Al salts on the destruction of DDT. Batch experiments demonstrated successful removal of DDT (>95% in 30 d) in aqueous solutions by three different iron sources with the following order of removal rates: untreated iron byproduct (1.524 d^?1) > commercial ZVI (0.277 d^?1) > surface-cleaned iron byproduct (0.157 d^?1). DDT removal rate was greatest with the untreated iron byproduct because of its high carbon content resulted in high DDT adsorption. DDT destruction rate by surface-cleaned iron byproduct increased as the pH decreased from 9 to 3. Lowering solution pH removes Fe (III) passivating layers from the ZVI and makes it free for reductive transformations. By treating DDT aqueous solutions with surface-cleaned iron byproduct, the destruction kinetics of DDT were enhanced when Fe(II), Fe(III) or Al(III) salts were added, with the following order of destruction kinetics: Al(III) sulfate > Fe(III) sulfate > Fe(II) sulfate. Cost analysis showed that the cost for one kg of surface-cleaned iron byproduct was $12.33, which is less expensive than the commercial ZVI. Therefore, using surface-cleaned iron byproduct may be a viable alternative for remediating DDT-contaminated environments.  相似文献   

Low levels of genetic variation among southern peripheral populations of the threatened herb, Leontice microrhyncha (Berberidaceae) in Korea     

Chin-Sung Chang  Tae-Yoon Park 《Biological conservation》2004,119(3):387-396

Levels of genetic variation and intrapopulation genetic structures of Leontice microrhyncha S. Moore (Berberidaceae) were assessed for six populations in South Korea, representing the southern most range of a species found in Northeast China and the Korean peninsula. Detected genetic diversity (H_es) was very low (0.024) and F_IS values showed large heterozygote deficiencies. The small percentage of polymorphic loci and numbers of alleles per locus suggest that L. microrhyncha has a history of severe or long-lasting population bottlenecks that have eroded genetic diversity. This study suggests that the Korean population appears to consist of two historically isolated and independently evolving populations. It seems likely that these groups have been isolated and unstable for a significant period of time. However, the effects of recent habitat fragmentation on the historically disjunct and fragmented population system found in L. microrhyncha were not those predicted from the lack of significant relationships between population-level patterns of genetic variation and population sizes. Most non-unique genotypes were shared by most individuals and the lower level of diversity, high levels of inbreeding and population differentiation as well as high rate of seed production indicated that this species is autogamous and self-compatible and probably largely selfing. Therefore, to preserve extant genetic variation, all populations must be protected across the small geographic range of the species to retain both allelic and genotypic diversity.  相似文献   

Visual and semiquantitative spectrophotometric ELISA screening method for aflatoxin B1 in corn and peanut products: follow-up collaborative study     

D L Park  B M Miller  S Nesheim  M W Trucksess  A Vekich  B Bidigare  J L McVey  L H Brown 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(4):638-643

A joint AOAC/IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) interlaboratory study of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA) for aflatoxins was conducted in laboratories in Canada, France, Japan, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Tunisia, and the United States. Twelve raw and roasted peanut and corn portions containing various concentrations of natural aflatoxins and supplemented when appropriate with aflatoxin B1 were distributed to participating laboratories for testing. The assay is based on competition between an enzyme-conjugated aflatoxin B1 and (free) aflatoxins in the test sample for aflatoxin-specific antibodies coated onto interior surfaces of microtiter wells. After a wash step to remove all unbound aflatoxins, a substrate added to each well is catalyzed from a colorless to a blue solution by any bound enzyme-conjugated aflatoxin B1 present. The intensity of the color decreases as the amount of free aflatoxin B1 in the test portion increases. Final determination of aflatoxin concentrations can be made by either visual comparison with standard solutions or spectrophotometric comparisons (at 650 nm) to knowns. Overall correlation was good between ELISA and thin-layer chromatographic results for corn and roasted peanut products, with 93 and 98% correct responses for visual and instrumental determinations, respectively. For instrumental determinations of aflatoxin in corn and roasted peanuts in the less than or equal to 20 ng/g range, the relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) were 14.9 and 41.4%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) were 45.7 and 43.5%, respectively. For instrumental determination of greater than 20 ng/g, the respective RSDr and RSDR values were 19.4 and 52.7% for corn and 23.3 and 23.3% for roasted peanuts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Use of the bulked genomic DNA-based RAPD methodology to assess the genetic diversity among abandoned Korean tea plantations   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Park Young-Goo  Shiv Shankhar Kaundun  Alexander Zhyvoloup 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(2):159-165

The variability of 20 abandoned Korean tea plantations was investigated using the RAPD methodology and thebulked DNA procedure. Out of 50 primers screened, 13 revealed diversity among the populations and generated26 polymorphic markers in all. Two and two populations were indistinguishable from each other and in general,the diversity detected among the populations was relatively low. The genetic distance calculated from theJaccard's variability index varied from 0 to 0.79 with an average of 0.44. The low genetic diversity found in thisstudy could be explained by the narrow genetic base of the Korean tea populations introduced from MainlandChina, by the short history and relatively homogeneous environment of the populations, by mass destruction oflocal tea plantations in the 14th century and by the reproductive mode of Camellia sinensis. Indeed, Camellia sinensis being a highly outcrossing species maintains high intrapopulationnal variability as compared to itsinterpopulation variability. In the light of the results obtained, a strategy for local tea conservation is discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by LC-MS with selected ion monitoring     

Wang M  Park C  Wu Q  Simon JE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7010-7013

A liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method with selected ion monitoring (SIM) was developed and validated for the analysis and standardization of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. This method is simple and accurate and requires only an 11 min per sample running time for the direct detection and quantification of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone with antimalarial activity. To accurately analyze artemisinin, SIM was used to record the abundance of the [M - 18 + H]+ ion peak at m/z 265.3, with a scan range between m/z 250 and 270. Quantification was based on the LC-MS peak area of artemisinin, and the standard curve was used for calculation. This method was then validated and applied to several populations of A. annua to assess the population means and the diversity within a selected population. The distribution of artemisinin was found to vary by plant origin with population means ranging from 0.03 to 0.71% artemisinin dry leaf weight. Individual plants within the selected population that exhibited the highest artemisinin mean were then sampled, and the contents ranged from trace amounts to 1.5% artemisinin dry leaf weight basis, making these single plants accumulating artemisinin in concentrations >1.0% promising candidates for plant breeding and varietal development for high-yielding artemisinin.  相似文献   

Physical and Chemical Properties of a Winter-Time Yellow Sand Event in Northeast Asia     

B. G. Kim  J. Y. Ahn  H. R. Noh  C. J. Park  J. S. Han  S. U. Park 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):379-384

The long range transport of mineral dust such as Yellow Sand (YS) is not restricted to the springtime periods in Northeast Asia. A YS phenomenon was observed during 25～27 January 1999, which was a remarkably distinctive episode in the occurrence time and intensity that had ever been observed in the wintertime in Korea. This YS event had a bi-modal temporal structure with the daily average concentrations of 210～349 µg m^?3. The long-lasted second one followed the first arriving short and strong dust pulse. The dominant ion components were SO₄ ^2?, NO₃ ^?, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ with the concentration of 11.3, 7.6, 6.1 and 4.2 µg m^?3, respectively during the passage of YS, compared to the corresponding concentrations of 4.1, 4.6, 0.4, and 1.2 µg m^?3 after the passage of YS (AYS) over Korea. The mode diameter of these compounds of YS was around 4 µm, compared to 0.4～0.9 µm of AYS. Concentrations of SO₄ ^2? and NO₃ ^? were found to be highly correlated with that of Ca²⁺ in the coarse mode during the YS event, whereas they were well correlated with NH₄ ⁺ during the non-YS period.  相似文献   

Controlling molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of chitosan by response surface methodology     

Hwang KT  Jung ST  Lee GD  Chinnan MS  Park YS  Park HJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):1876-1882

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for controlling molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DOD) of chitosan in chemical processing. In a reduced model, MW of chitosan is y = 1736166.406 - 250.745X(1)X(2) - 265.452X(2)X(3), with R( 2) = 0.86, and DOD of chitosan is y = 30.6069 + 0.3396X(1) + 0.4948X(2) + 0.0094X(3)(2), with R( 2) = 0.89. MW of chitosan depends on the crossproduct of temperature and NaOH concentration and the crossproduct of NaOH concentration and time, and DOD depends linearly on temperature and NaOH concentration, and quadratically on time. Chitosan was widely depolymerized in a range from 1,100 kDa to 100 kDa and deacetylated from 67.3 to 95.7% by NaOH alkaline treatment. MW and DOD of chitosan were drastically decreased and increased, respectively, with increase of temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Furthermore, the rate of MW decrease and DOD increase of chitosan gradually decreased with prolonged reaction time.  相似文献