Factors Influencing Aerial Insecticide Application to Forests   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nicholas J. Payne 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(1):1-10

A successful aerial insecticide application is one that provides the desired degree of pest control at an economic cost, with little environmental impact. This paper discusses a broad range of factors that affect treatment efficacy and environmental impact from aerial insecticide application to forests. Efficacy is affected by parameters such as the choice of active ingredient and its application rate, the volume application rate, tank mix characteristics, the spray droplet size spectrum, and the timing of, and meteorological conditions during an application. Environmental impact is influenced by aspects such as active ingredient specificity, meteorological conditions during the application, avionics use and buffer zone width. Key differences between insecticide applications in forestry and agriculture are pointed out.  相似文献   

The localization of a Mason-Pfizer monkey virus-related antigen in jaagsiekte tumour tissue and cell lines     

A L Payne  D W Verwoerd  H M Garnett 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1986,53(2):87-91

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus-related antigen was detected in 3 out of 5 jaagsiekte lungs examined using a direct immunoperoxidase staining technique with anti-MPMV p27 serum. Most of the antigen was localized in the alveolar lumina of the lesions. The reaction was further characterised on immune blots and found to involve a protein with a molecular mass of 29 000 daltons (JSRV p29). JSRV p29 antigen was also detected in 2 jaagsiekte cell lines.  相似文献   

Neutrophil chemotaxis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)     

J C Gonder  J M Thomas  E S Payne 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(4):860-862

Chemotactic responses of isolated peripheral blood neutrophils from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were studied, using a micropore filter method. Cell migration toward zymosan-activated serum was similar to that of human cells, whereas the response to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) was weaker than was that in human cells, requiring higher concentrations of FMLP for maximal migration. Optimal FMLP concentrations for attraction of rhesus neutrophils and human neutrophils were 5.0 X 10(-7)M and 1.0 X 10(-8)M, respectively. The chemotactic responses of the 2 neutrophils to complement (zymosan-activated serum) were similar. However, rhesus neutrophils required a higher concentration of the formyl peptide, FMLP, for maximal migratory response.  相似文献   

Incorporation of grass silage,whole cereal grains,cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment     

M. Payne  E. Owen  B. S. Capper  J. F. Wood  M. A. H. Radwan 《Tropical animal health and production》1988,20(4):212-218

Summary The growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. Poor quality grass silage (pH 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g DM/day of a supplementary concentrate. Rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. Rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize or 667 g/kg sorghum showed improved daily liveweight gains (22.6 g) over rabbits fed whole grains and pelleted supplements (19.4 g) in an experiment lasting 40 days. In a second experiment there were no significant effects of pelleting or type of cereal on liveweight gain or feed conversion ratio. Pelleting significantly improved crude protein digestibility of diets whilst maize diets were superior in DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities. The inclusion of cottonseed meal containing 700 mg/kg free gossypol in diets at levels of 150 and 300 g/kg did not affect growth rate or feed conversion in rabbits weighing 0.92 kg initially. These diets contained up to 364 g/kg cassava suggesting that this ingredient can be used in rabbit diets as an energy source in replacement for whole grains.

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Incorporacion De Ensilaje De Pasto, Granos Enteros De Cereales, Yuca Y Torta De Algodon En Dietas De Conejos Mantenidos En Ambientes Tropicales Simulados

Resumen Se investigó, el crecimiento y la conversión de alimentos de conejos alimentados con uno u otro de los siguientes productos: ensilaje de pasto, granos enteros de cereales, concentrado peletizado, o yuca/torta de algodón. El ensilaje de pasto de calidad baja (PH 4.9), fue rechazado casi totalmente por los conejos jovenes inicialmente, alimentados con 17.8 g. o 35.5 g. MS/día de un concentrado suplementario. Los conejos que estaban bajo una dieta más baja de concentrados, perdieron 0.35 g. de peso vivo por día. Los conejos que inicialmente pesaban 1.77 kg, los cuales fueron alimentados con dietas completamente peletizadas, que contenían 667 g/kg maíz o 667 g/de sorgo, ganaron 22.6 g. de peso vivo/día en comparación a conejos cuya alimentación consistió en gramos enteros y suplementos peletizados (19.4 g), en un experimento que duró 40 días. En un segundo experimento, no hubo efectos significativos del peletizado, o tipo de cereal, o ganancia de peso vivo, o tasa de conversión alimentaria. El peletizado en general, mejoró significativamente la digestibilidad de la proteína cruda de las dietas, mientras que las dietas de maíz fueron superiores en digestibilidad de la MS, materia orgánica y proteína cruda. La inclusión en dietas de torta de algodón con 700 mg/kg de gosipol libre, a niveles de 150 y 300 g/kg, no afectó la tasa de crecimiento o la conversión alimenticia en conejos que pesaron 0.92 kg inicialmente. Estas dietas contenían hasta 364 g/kg de yuca, sugiriendo que este ingrediente puede usarse en dietas para conejos, como fuente de energía y en reemplazo de granos enteros.

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Incorporation d'Ensilage d'Herbe, De Grains Entiers De Cereales, De Farines De Manioc Et De Graine De Coton Dans La Ration De Lapins Places Dans Un Environnement Tropical Simule

Résumé On a examiné la croissance et l'indice de consommation de lapins nourris soit d'ensilage d'herbe ou de grains complets et, en supplément d'un concentré en pellets ou de rations de manioc/graine de coton. L'ensilage d'herbe de pauvre qualité (pH 4,9) est presqu'entièrement rejeté par les jeunes lapins recevant initialement un supplément concentré à 17,8 g ou 35,5 g DM/jour. Les lapins soumis au plus faible niveau de concentré perdent 0,35 g de poids corporel par jour. Dans une expérience durant 40 jours, les lapins pesant initialement 1,77 kg recevant une ration entièrement en pellets contenant 667 g/kg de maïs ou 667 g/kg de sorgho accusent un gain de poids journalier (22,6 g) par rapport à des lapins recevant des grains entiers et un supplément en pellets (19,4 g). Dans une seconde expérience, ni la pelletisation, ni le type de céréale n'ont eu d'effet significatif sur le gain de poids journalier ou l'indice de consommation. La pelletisation améliore de manière significative la digestibilité de la protéïne brute des rations alors que les rations de maïs sont supérieures en DM, matière organique et digestibilité en protéïne brute. L'incorporation dans la ration de farine de graine de coton contenant 700 mg/kg de gossypol libre au taux de 150 et de 300 g/kg n'affecte pas la croissance ni l'indice de consommation chez des lapins pesant initialement 0,92 kg. Ces rations contiennet jusqu'à 364 g/kg de manioc, ce qui permet de suggérer l'utilisation de cet ingrédient dans la nourriture des lapins en tant que source d'énergie en remplacement des grains entiers.

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Outcome of Tibial Closing Wedge Osteotomy in 55 Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Stifles of Small Dogs (<15 kg)          下载免费PDF全文

Kathryn A. Campbell  John T. Payne  Michael T. Doornink  Jamie Haggerty 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(8):1056-1062

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Day‐length during rearing and the subsequent egg production of meat‐strain pullets     

C. G. Payne 《British poultry science》1975,16(6):559-563

1. The effects of lighting pattern on production to 399 d in caged, female, meat‐strain chickens was investigated. Energy intake was controlled from 56 to 399 d.

2. Four different rearing treatments with a subsequent constant 16‐h photoperiod during laying were used.

3. A 15‐h rearing photoperiod resulted in delayed sexual maturity, increased mature body weight and decreases in both total egg numbers and the proportion of smaller eggs, compared with a 6‐h photoperiod.

4. Continuous light to 56 d, although associated with a high incidence of subsequent blindness, resulted in satisfactory egg production.

5. Abrupt reduction in the photoperiod from 15 to 6 h for the 112 to 167 d period resulted in unsatisfactory subsequent performance, especially when the day‐length was only slowly increased to 16 h during laying.

6. In the two laying treatments, in which the photoperiod was increased gradually from 6 to 16 h during the 168 to 238‐d period, a decrease in the number of smaller eggs occurred, compared with the treatments in which a single abrupt increase in photoperiod was used.  相似文献   

Some Effects of Ultraviolet Light on 2, 4-D and Related Compounds     

Payne MG  Fults JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1947,106(2741):37-39

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CARL H. EIGENMANN     

Payne F  Jordan DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1927,65(1691):515-516

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A review of the possibilities for integrating cattle and tree crop production systems in the tropics     

W.J.A. Payne 《Forest Ecology and Management》1985,12(1):1-36

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Investigation of serology for diagnosis of outbreaks of botulism in cattle     

Mawhinney I  Palmer D  Gessler F  Cranwell M  Foyle L  Otter A  Payne J  Strugnell B 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):382-384

Serology has been used to diagnose retrospectively types C and D outbreaks of botulism in cattle in Australia and this study has investigated whether the approach would be applicable in England and Wales. Three hundred sera from routine surveillance submissions in England and Wales were used as a negative control population. Some stored sera were available from a small number of clinical cases of botulism and 125 samples were collected from cohort groups of clinical cases in four new outbreaks of botulism. Three of these outbreaks were identified as being caused by type D Clostridium botulinum toxin. Sera were tested by antibody ELISA in laboratories in Australia and Germany. There was no increase in the proportion of animals seropositive to type C or D antibody in the botulism-associated cattle. The proportion of samples which were seropositive to type D antibodies was <2% in both the negative control and outbreak populations. It was concluded that single time serology is unlikely to be helpful for retrospective diagnosis of outbreaks of type D botulism in England and Wales.  相似文献