The effect of temperature on sensory quality,chemical composition and growth of carrots (Daucus carota L.). III. Different diurnal temperature amplitudes     

Hans J. Rosenfeld  Ragnar T. Samuelsen  Per Lea 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):196-202

Summary

Data from experiments with carrots grown in phytotrons under different day and night temperatures at two locations in Norway and three harvesting dates were treated by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). No effect of the single temperature amplitudes were found, the significant main effects were due to the mean temperature levels of 12 and 188C, location and harvest date. The PCA visualized the effect of mean temperature level on sensory, chemical and physical variables. Differences between the two groups were mainly caused by variation in sensory variables, the first group being characterized by high score for whiteness, sweetness, acidic taste, crispness, juiciness, glucose, fructose and root length. The other group had a high score for colour, odour, overall taste and flavour parameters, firmness, dry matter, sucrose, a and b-carotene, root weight and root diameters.  相似文献   

Analysis of pregerminated barley using hyperspectral image analysis     

Arngren M  Hansen PW  Eriksen B  Larsen J  Larsen R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11385-11394

Pregermination is one of many serious degradations to barley when used for malting. A pregerminated barley kernel can under certain conditions not regerminate and is reduced to animal feed of lower quality. Identifying pregermination at an early stage is therefore essential in order to segregate the barley kernels into low or high quality. Current standard methods to quantify pregerminated barley include visual approaches, e.g. to identify the root sprout, or using an embryo staining method, which use a time-consuming procedure. We present an approach using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system in a mathematical modeling framework to identify pregerminated barley at an early stage of approximately 12 h of pregermination. Our model only assigns pregermination as the cause for a single kernel's lack of germination and is unable to identify dormancy, kernel damage etc. The analysis is based on more than 750 Rosalina barley kernels being pregerminated at 8 different durations between 0 and 60 h based on the BRF method. Regerminating the kernels reveals a grouping of the pregerminated kernels into three categories: normal, delayed and limited germination. Our model employs a supervised classification framework based on a set of extracted features insensitive to the kernel orientation. An out-of-sample classification error of 32% (CI(95%): 29-35%) is obtained for single kernels when grouped into the three categories, and an error of 3% (CI(95%): 0-15%) is achieved on a bulk kernel level. The model provides class probabilities for each kernel, which can assist in achieving homogeneous germination profiles. This research can further be developed to establish an automated and faster procedure as an alternative to the standard procedures for pregerminated barley.  相似文献   

Diverging opinions of supplementation programmes between mothers of small children and staff at primary health clinics in the Western Cape Province of South Africa     

Iversen PO  Høisæther EA  Morseth M  Herselman M 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(5):923-930

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Genetic analysis on body weight at different ages in broiler chicken raised in commercial environment     

Thinh Tuan Chu  Per Madsen  Elise Norberg  Lei Wang  Danye Marois  John Henshall  Just Jensen 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):245-259

A multivariate model was developed and used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight (BW) at 1–6 weeks of age of broilers raised in a commercial environment. The development of model was based on the predictive ability of breeding values evaluated from a cross-validation procedure that relied on half-sib correlation. The multivariate model accounted for heterogeneous variances between sexes through standardization applied to male and female BWs differently. It was found that the direct additive genetic, permanent environmental maternal and residual variances for BW increased drastically as broilers aged. The drastic increase in variances over weeks of age was mainly due to scaling effects. The ratio of the permanent environmental maternal variance to phenotypic variance decreased gradually with increasing age. Heritability of BW traits ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 at different weeks of age. The direct genetic effects on consecutive weekly BWs had high genetic correlations (0.85–0.99), but the genetic correlations between early and late BWs were low (0.32–0.57). The difference in variance components between sexes increased with increasing age. In conclusion, the permanent environmental maternal effect on broiler chicken BW decreased with increasing age from weeks 1 to 6. Potential bias of the model that considered identical variances for sexes could be reduced when heterogeneous variances between sexes are accounted for in the model.  相似文献   

Effects of bromides of potassium and ammonium on some crops     

Irina Shtangeeva  Matti Niemelä  Paavo Perämäki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2209-2220

In this work, the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) to bromides of potassium (KBr) and ammonium (NH₄Br) was studied. All plants were capable of accumulating high concentrations of bromine (Br). However, the Br accumulation depended on the Br compounds presented in the growth medium and plant species. The highest Br concentrations were observed in leaves and roots of the seedlings germinated in the medium spiked with KBr. Oat accumulated more Br than other plants and the lowest Br accumulation was observed in pea. The bioaccumulation of Br resulted in suppression of plant biomass and concentrations of several essential nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cl). The most negative effects were caused by NH₄Br. Probably, this action was due to cumulative effects of Br^- and NH₄⁺. Among other plant species, the most tolerant to bromides was oat and the most sensitive was wheat.  相似文献   

Fatty Acid Formation during Composting of Separately Collected Organic Household Wastes     

Holger Kirchmann  Per Widén 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(1):17-19

? Recent studies indicate that fatty acids are formed in significant concentrations during the composting of organic household residuals. Their presence may be one major reason for depressed germination and seedling development that often result following application of compost. Experimental results in Sweden indicate that at least five to six months should elapse before low levels of fatty acids for cropping are reached in the composts. Further research on fatty acid formation is recommended.  相似文献   

Localization of alkylresorcinols in wheat,rye and barley kernels   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rikard Landberg  Afaf Kamal-Eldin  Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila  Xavier Rouau  Per Åman 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008

Cereal alkylresorcinols (AR), a group of phenolic lipids mainly found in the outer parts of wheat and rye kernels, are currently being studied for the possibility to use them as biomarkers for the intake of whole grain wheat and rye foods. In this work, AR were localised in grains by using light microscopy and gas chromatographic analysis of hand-dissected botanical and pearling fractions. GC-analysis of hand-dissected fractions showed that more than 99% of the total AR content was located in an intermediate layer of the caryopsis, including the hyaline layer, testa and inner pericarp. Microscopic examination showed that the outer cuticle of testa/inner cuticle of pericarp was the exact location, and that no AR were found in the endosperm or in the germ, suggesting that AR could be used as a selective marker of testa.  相似文献   

Rapid and non-destructive evaluation of seed quality of Chinese fir by near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate discriminant analysis     

Tigabu  Mulualem  Daneshvar  Abolfazl  Wu  Pengfei  Ma  Xiangqing  Christer Odén  Per 《New Forests》2020,51(3):395-408

New Forests - Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) is a promising timber species for planting in the sub-tropical ecosystem. However, the germination rate of Chinese fir seed lots is...  相似文献   

Butterflies in Swedish grasslands benefit from forest and respond to landscape composition at different spatial scales     

Karl-Olof Bergman  Juliana Dániel-Ferreira  Per Milberg  Erik Öckinger  Lars Westerberg 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(12):2189-2204

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Individual feeding specialisation of a naïve vs. veteran predators     

Rune Knudsen  Per‐Arne Amundsen  Audun H Rikardsen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(4):522-528

Abstract – We explored the incidence of individual feeding specialisation among a naïve predator (non‐native rainbow trout postsmolts) and two native experienced predators (sea‐run Arctic charr and sea‐trout) in a subarctic Norwegian fjord. Interindividual foraging niche stability was obtained by combining information on stomach contents (recent dietary niche) with trophically transmitted parasite infestation (time‐integrated historical dietary niche) of individual predators. Individual fish showed a high degree of resource specialisation as prey items such as gammarids and small fish (both potential intermediate host of parasites) rarely co‐occurred in stomachs. In both naïve and veteran predators, positive associations between the intensity of a specific parasite species and the occurrence of their respective intermediate host (gammarids or fish) in the stomachs of individual predators demonstrated temporally interindividual feeding specialisations. Several behavioural phenotypes clearly co‐existed in both naïve and veteran predator populations, including gammaridivore (benthic feeders), piscivore (pelagic feeders) or insectivore (pleuston feeders) individuals. The likely mechanism of this observed interindividual resource specialisation in the non‐native naïve predators involves a behavioural component of which rapid learning seems to be a key factor.  相似文献