Variability of certain chemotypes in three accessions of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)     

Bettina Faehnrich  Pietro Nemaz  Chlodwig Franz 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(7):1237-1244

In 203 analyzed chamomile plants, several compounds appreciated for their medicinal value, were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. α-Bisabolol and its oxides A and B were measured by gas chromatography; matricine as a precursor of chamazulene, was assessed semi-quantitatively by matching visually thin layer chromatography bands with a concentration range of the pure substance and the flavonoids apigenin and apigenin-7-glycoside were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Mean values of all compounds were compared in the three chamomile accessions ‘Manzana’, ‘Lutea’ and ‘Hungarian 2’. Correlations between different substances over all data were calculated. Moreover, certain groups combining particular properties according to their desired purpose or specificity, were formed. Their incidence in the particular chamomile varieties was determined. ‘Manzana’, a tetraploid cultivar, exhibited the highest share of the valuable bisabolol–matricine-type and the lowest ratio of bisabolol-oxides to bisabolol. To develop ‘high-quality-populations’, defined individuals of this cultivar shall be selected for further breeding.  相似文献   

Swedish coffee (Astragalus boeticus L.), a neglected coffee substitute with a past and a potential future     

Jaime Prohens  Isabel Andújar  Santiago Vilanova  Mariola Plazas  Pietro Gramazio  Rafael Prohens  Francisco J. Herraiz  Antonio M. De Ron 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(1):287-297

Swedish coffee (Astragalus boeticus) seeds have been used as a coffee substitute, in particular during the nineteenth century and in times of scarcity. A. boeticus is found in the wild in a wide range of environments in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions and is able to grow in areas with low and irregular rainfall. It is well-adapted to cultivated and disturbed environments, has indehiscent pods and high yield potential, and is therefore pre-adapted to cultivation and domestication. Swedish coffee is an annual that flowers in spring and produces small (3–6 mm × 3–5 mm) kidney-shaped seeds that can be harvested in summer. The genetic diversity of the species has not been studied, but evidence (wide range of environments, insect pollination) suggests that considerable diversity exists in the species. The genetic resources of Swedish coffee conserved in germplasm banks are very limited, with only 49 accessions conserved in six genebanks. Although no cultivated varieties exist at present and no breeding studies are underway, evidence suggests that limited breeding could result in considerable genetic advances. The cultivation of A. boeticus was very important during the nineteenth century in several countries of Europe, in particular in Sweden, where the cultivation was promoted as a coffee substitute by the monarchy. Several reports exist on its cultivation in several countries of Northern, Central and Southern Europe during the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. However, its cultivation gradually lost importance and was eventually abandoned. Swedish coffee can be grown in different types of soils as a regular winter or spring legume crop, and thanks to symbiosis with rhizobia may be able to perform well with reduced N fertilization. Several historical accounts report an excellent quality of the coffee substitute prepared with roasted Swedish coffee seeds. However, no investigations have been carried out to study the process of roasting and its influence on the final quality. The information presented here indicates that limited efforts in A. boeticus breeding, cultivation, and industrial processing potentially might result in the recovery of this neglected coffee substitute.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic identification and antioxidant activity of glucosylated carotenoid metabolites from Cydonia vulgaris fruits     

Fiorentino A  D'Abrosca B  Pacifico S  Mastellone C  Piscopo V  Monaco P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(25):9592-9597

Carotenoid metabolites are common plant constituents with significant importance for the flavor and aroma of fruits. Three new carotenoid derivatives, (2E,4E)-8-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-2,4-decadiene-1,10-dioic acid 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), (2Z,4E)-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2,7-dimethyl-2,4-decadiene-1,10-dioic acid (3), and 3,9-dihydroxymegastigmast-5-ene-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), as well as three known compounds, have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of peels of Cydonia vulgaris, the fruit of a shrub belonging to the same family as the apple. All the compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques, especially 1D and 2D NMR. Antioxidant activities of all the isolated metabolites were assessed by measuring their ability to scavenge DPPH radical and superoxide radical (O2*-) and to induce the reduction of Mo(VI).  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation for quali-quantitative characterization of soils contaminated with 241Am and 152Eu by low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with small size γ-ray spectrometer: detection efficiency and minimum detectable activity (MDA) concentration assessment     

Falciglia  Pietro P.  Biondi  Lorena  Catalano  Roberto  Immè  Giuseppina  Romano  Stefano  Vagliasindi  Federico G. A. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2399-2409

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Localization and quali-quantitative characterization of radionuclide-contaminated soils are essential for healthcare and remediation activities. However,...  相似文献   

Inflorescence-visiting insects of a functionally dioecious wild grapevine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">sylvestris</Emphasis>)     

Pietro Zito  Francesca Serraino  Francesco Carimi  Francesca Tavella  Maurizio Sajeva 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1329-1335

The wild grapevine [Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi] is the Eurasian dioecious ancestral form of mostly monoecious domesticated cultivars (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera). There are different hypotheses about grapevine pollination, varying from insect to wind pollination to spontaneous self-pollination. The aim of this paper is to update our knowledge on the biology of the wild grapevine by studying the insects visiting their inflorescences. During the fieldworks, floral visitors were observed, captured and identified. The most frequent insects visiting both sexes of wild grapevine were beetles (55%) followed by bees (45%). The present study shows that although in vineyards the wind may play a role in the cross-pollination, insects can contribute to the reproductive success of the wild grapevine. The knowledge of inflorescence-visiting insects, which potentially can act as pollinators may represent an important contribution to the conservation perspective of wild grapevine.  相似文献   

First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Italian Aedes albopictus populations 26 years after invasion          下载免费PDF全文

Verena Pichler  Romeo Bellini  Rodolfo Veronesi  Daniele Arnoldi  Annapaola Rizzoli  Riccardo Paolo Lia  Domenico Otranto  Fabrizio Montarsi  Sara Carlin  Marco Ballardini  Elisa Antognini  Marco Salvemini  Emanuele Brianti  Gabriella Gaglio  Mattia Manica  Pietro Cobre  Paola Serini  Enkelejda Velo  John Vontas  Ilias Kioulos  Joao Pinto  Alessandra della Torre  Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1319-1327

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Beech coppice conversion to high forest: results from a 31-year experiment in Eastern Pre-Alps     

Barbara Mariotti  Giorgio Alberti  Alberto Maltoni  Andrea Tani  Pietro Piussi 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):44

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Variation in resistance to the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Sternorhynca: Aphididae), among diploid wheat genotypes: Multivariate analysis of agronomic data     

J. P. di Pietro  C. M. Caillaud    B. Chaubet    J. S. Pierre  M. Trottet 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(5):407-412

A collection of 87 ancient wheat genotypes, 67 Triticum monococcum, 13 Triticum boeoticum, seven Triticum urartu and one cultivar of the modern wheat Triticum aestivum (variety ‘Arminda’) were evaluated for resistance to the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae, the main damaging aphid pest on winter wheat in Europe. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m), which is regarded as a good estimate of the fitness of an aphid population, was used as an indicator for the level of plant resistance. Differentiation of the 88 plant genotypes into four distinct groups was achieved with a cluster analysis of the r_m values. The modern wheat ‘Arminda’ was more susceptible than any of the ancient wheat genotypes tested (r_m= 0.24, i.e. the aphid population doubled every 2.6 days). A second group of 19 plants ranged from relatively susceptible to moderately resistant (0.17 < r_m < 0.21). Fifty–one plants were allocated to a third group and classified as resistant (0.09 < r_m < 0.16). The last group contained 17 genotypes with a high level of resistance where aphid fitness was greatly reduced (0.02 < r_m < 0.09, i.e. the aphid population doubled every 11.4 days or 7.7 days, respectively). Clustering of the accessions into the different phenetic groups did not follow the geographical origin of the wheat genotypes or the species to which they belong. These results show that ancient diploid wheats, all characterized by the genome A, present considerable interest for plant breeding for resistance to S. avenae in modern wheat. The potential use of these strong and partial sources of resistance for introduction of a stable and durable form of resistance to S. avenae in wheat is discussed.  相似文献