渭南市草地节肢动物群落组成与多样性特征     

吴逸群  许秀  沈红霞  胡庆玲  权美平 《贵州农业科学》2017,45(3)

为丰富暖温带季风气候下草地生态系统土壤动物多样性的基础资料以及为草地生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学依据,采取网捕、人工捕捉等对陕西关中平原东部渭南市草地节肢动物的多样性进行调查与鉴定。结果表明:调查区域内共采集到节肢动物803只,隶属于5纲13目46科61种;以昆虫纲的物种数量最多,占整个生境物种数量的70.24%;以物种种类数计算得知,各目包含的种数在整个生境节肢动物总种数中的占比依次为膜翅目11.48%、鳞翅目16.39%、双翅目14.75%、半翅目13.11%、蜘蛛目11.48%、鞘翅目21.31%,其他各目均只有1种物种;按照节肢动物对作物的保护或为害特性划分,调查区域内的节肢动物可划分为捕食性天敌、中性害虫和害虫,其中,中性害虫多样性指数和均匀度指数高,物种较为丰富。  相似文献   

施用草甘膦对转基因抗除草剂大豆田杂草防除、大豆安全性及杂草发生的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于惠林  贾芳  全宗华  崔海兰  李香菊 《中国农业科学》2020,53(6):1166-1177

【目的】转GAT 和EPSPS 双价基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’是我国具有自主知识产权的抗除草剂材料,喷施草甘膦后,评价草甘膦对杂草防除、大豆安全和杂草发生的影响,为其将来商业化种植后的安全监测与杂草治理提供数据支持。【方法】除草效果：每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m ²样点并标记,施药后28 d调查禾本科和阔叶杂草株数,并剪取地上部分称取鲜重, 计算株防效和鲜重防效。对大豆安全性：每小区以对角线5点取样法,每点随机取4株大豆并标记,在喷药当天、药后7、14、21及28 d调查大豆株高和复叶数,观察药害,收获前每小区取50株大豆调查结荚数及产量。杂草发生情况：每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m ²样点并标记（避开除草效果取样点）,调查并记录每种杂草种类、株数,计算每种杂草相对多度。【结果】转基因大豆喷施900、1 800和3 600 g a.i./hm ²草甘膦对禾本科杂草株防效2016年分别为84.30%、95.22%和83.62%,阔叶杂草株防效分别为49.80%、64.52%和61.93%,禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别在95.36%和82.05%以上,2017年对禾本科和阔叶草株防效分别达94.93%和85.09%以上,对禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别达98.00%和96.57%以上。转基因大豆喷施草甘膦对大豆生长没有不良影响,产量高于人工除草处理。两年研究结果表明转基因抗除草剂大豆喷施草甘膦后杂草群落发生改变,转基因抗除草剂大豆田不除草处理小区主要优势阔叶杂草为反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）、打碗花（Calystegia hederacea）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）,禾本科杂草为狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）和牛筋草（Eleusine indica）,共6种,喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm ²后转基因大豆田5种主要优势杂草为打碗花、夏至草（Lagopsis supina）、马齿苋、牛筋草和狗尾草。【结论】转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm ²对杂草有很好的防除效果, 对大豆安全。因此,转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’将在我国有很好的商业化应用前景,喷施草甘膦影响杂草种群的发生,如今后商业化种植需长期密切监测种群变化。  相似文献   

十字花科植物花旗竿花药发育的细胞形态学观察     

全雪丽  具红光  赵贞丽 《延边大学农学学报》2012,34(1):51-54

采用常规石蜡切片技术,观察研究十字花科植物花旗竿的花药发育过程。研究结果表明:花旗竿每朵花6枚雄蕊,每个花药4个花粉囊;小孢子在四分体中的排列为四面体型;成熟花粉粒近球形,属3-细胞型花粉粒并有3个萌发沟;花粉囊壁由4层细胞构成,即表皮(1层)、药室内壁(1层)、中层(1层～数层)和绒毡层(1层);绒毡层发育属分泌型。  相似文献   

遮荫对忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量的影响     

全妙华  佘朝文  欧立军  陈东明 《中国农业大学学报》2012,17(4):58-61

探讨不同光照强度条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量变化,为忽地笑规范化栽培提供科学依据。采用HPLC方法测定了100%自然光、50%遮荫和85%遮荫条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。3种不同光强下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量均表现为:50%遮荫>85%遮荫>100%自然光,其中在50%遮荫条件下其含量均最高,与100%自然光的相比,分别提高了35.88%和20.56%,差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。稳定性及回收率实验结果表明:HPLC法测定忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量效果好,稳定性强,方法可靠;适度遮荫(如50%遮荫)可以提高忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。忽地笑适宜在一定遮荫环境下栽培。  相似文献   

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR4 locus in Chinese Cantonese population     

XIAO Wen-juan  LI Nan  GONG Ying-xue  WANG Jun-mei  QUAN Yan-cai  LIU Ze-huan△ 《园艺学报》2010,26(6):1193-1197

AIM: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was an important pathogen recognition receptor in the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of TLR4 polymorphisms in the general population of China. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 191 unrelated healthy Chinese Cantonese individuals. The functional regions of TLR4 locus, including promoter region and all three exons with their surrounding intronic regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. After purified, the amplified products were directly sequenced on both strands. RESULTS: A total of eight single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, five of which were novel. The most common SNP were -1607 C/T with the minor allele frequency of 0.283. Two nonsynonymous substitutions Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, which were common in Caucasus, were not detected in Cantonese. Neutrality test revealed that TLR4 in Chinese Cantonese was not significantly deviated from the neutral model. CONCLUSION: This is the new finding on the distribution of TLR4 SNPs in the general population of China. It provides several ethnic specific SNPs for further disease association studies of TLR4 polymorphisms in Chinese populations.  相似文献   

植物病害生物防治与微生态学   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王万能  全学军  谢应宇 《中国植保导刊》2005,25(3):7-9

在概述植物病害生物防治生态学意义的基础上,从植物微生态学的角度阐述了植物根围菌及内生菌作为生防菌的依据和意义。特别是内生菌是植物体内的正常菌群,对植物病害生物防治具有重要的生态学实践意义。  相似文献   

农作物害虫标本数据库的开发研究     

谢慧琴  姚志伟 《植物保护》2005,31(4):82-83

数据库包括鳞翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、同翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、直翅目、蜱螨目和缨翅目等149种农作物害虫,原色图812幅和害虫防治技术信息。  相似文献   

胸腺素α_1对墟岗黄鸡免疫器官组织学结构的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈芳  计慧琴  卢玉葵  王丙云  江青艳 《中国畜牧杂志》2005,41(7):16-18

本试验研究了不同剂量的胸腺素α1(Tα1)对墟岗黄母鸡免疫器官指数和组织学结构的影响。结果表明:0.015mg/kg体重剂量的Tα1可显著提高鸡免疫器官指数,可使胸腺皮质增宽,髓质胸腺小体数和胸腺细胞数增加;脾脏胸腺依赖区和法氏囊依赖区细胞增殖;高剂量Tα1则引起法氏囊髓质局部细胞变性和坏死。  相似文献   

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by graded zirconia-hydroxyapatite composite in vitro     

QUAN Ren-fu  YANG Di-sheng  MIAO Xu-dong  LI Wei  WU Xiao-chun  WANG Hong-bin 《园艺学报》2006,22(1):160-163

AIM: To evaluate the immunogenicity of a novel orthopedics materials (graded zirconia-hydroxyapatite composite) in vitro by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy young people, and simple zirconia-hydroxyapatite composited material was used as control materials. METHODS: Proliferation of PBMCs cultured in different liquid after 5 days was measured by MTT methods. ELISA was used to detect TNF-α and IL-6 concentration in the supernatant of PBMCs cultured in the extracts after 24 hours. Flow cytometery was used to measure CD69 and CD25 in activated PBMCs cultured in the extracts of the two kinds of materials after 24 hours. RESULTS: The proliferation rate of the simple composite group was significantly lower than that in negative group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the graded composited group and negative group. After 24 hours culture with LPS, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the simple composited group were significantly higher than that in graded composited group, respectively (P<0.05). Cultured with PHA for 24 hours, the ratio of CD69 and CD25 positive PBMCs in the simple composited group was all significantly higher than that in graded composited material group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The number of PBMCs activated by the graded composited material is less than the simple composited material and the immunogenicity of the graded composited material is lower than the simple composited material.  相似文献   

鸭梨、黄金梨果实结构与耐贮性的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李治梅  张玉星  许建锋  赵慧芹 《果树学报》2006,23(1):108-110

以耐贮性强的鸭梨和不耐贮的黄金梨为试材,分别研究了果实组织结构的差异,结果表明:鸭梨果实表面角质层厚,且深入表皮细胞间隙,表皮细胞较厚,排列紧密,表皮下有4～5层含有大量被染成紫红色的单宁类物质;黄金梨角质层薄,表皮细胞少,不连续,甚至没有表皮细胞,表皮下细胞含单宁物质较少,有的几乎没有。此外,鸭梨近果皮果肉中石细胞多、石细胞团大;黄金梨近果皮果肉中石细胞少、石细胞团小。  相似文献