Determining paternity in polyploids: Hexaploid simulation studies     

Mario I. Buteler  Don. R. Labonte  Raúl E. Macchiavelli 《Euphytica》1997,96(3):353-361

The breeding of new sweet potato varieties is a highly inefficient process, confounded by incompatibility, poor fertility, open-pollination and hexaploidy. Upwards of 12–20 lines are combined in open pollinated nurseries based on horticulturally important characteristics. After several years of selection most progeny can be traced back to just 3 or 4 maternal lines. A method that would identify the paternal parent of superior progeny would enable breeders to combine parents that exhibit superior combining ability in more efficient, smaller nurseries. The objective of this work is to explore by means of computer simulation the application of genealogy reconstruction techniques on hexaploid individuals based on co-dominant marker data. The progeny obtained from each female parent is categorically assigned to each male with non-zero exclusion probability based on its paternity likelihood. Computer simulations show that even with polysomic segregation types, it is possible to discriminate between putative parents with few errors or mis-assignments. The number of loci scored for a 10 parent population should not be less than 20 in the case of 3 alleles per locus, and no more than 10 loci for a five allele model. An increment in the number of alleles or loci increases the discriminatory power with the number of alleles yielding a far more important effect than the number of loci. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using simulations to determine the minimum requirements, i.e. number of loci to be genotyped, for unambiguous parentage allocation in polyploids. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Colombia and Venezuela 1992 wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition: taxonomy and new germplasm resources     

David M. Spooner  Raúl Castillo T.  Luis López J.  Ramón Pineda  Raúl León P.  Alvaro Vargas  Maria L. García  John B. Bamberg 《Euphytica》1995,81(1):45-56

Summary We conducted a joint Colombia/United States/Venezuela wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota Dumort.) germplasm collecting expedition in Colombia from June 27–August 24, and in Venezuela from August 17–September 15, 1992. The goals of the expedition were to collect germplasm and study the species boundaries of all of the 23 Colombian and Venezuelan taxa accepted by current taxonomists. We made 128 collections of 16 of these taxa, 96 as true seed collections. We collected the first available germplasm collections of S. cacetanum, S. cuatrecasasii, S. estradae, S. lobbianum, S. orocense, S. paramoense, and S. sucubunense, and obtained germplasm collections of S. neovalenzuelae and S. pamplonense as a germplasm exchange from the Colombian national germplasm collection. We had problems identifying some of our collections, and currently are investigating them for species status and interrelationships. We summarize the state of germplasm collections for Colombia and Venezuela, provide our field data regarding the taxonomy of Colombian and Venezuelan wild potatoes, and provide recommendations for future collecting.  相似文献   

Use of immature seed germination technique as an alternative to in vitro culture of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) embryos     

Adriana Torresán  Juan Kesteloot  Fernando Castaño  Raúl Rodríguez  Mabel Colabelli 《Euphytica》1996,91(1):1-3

Summary The importance of developing new techniques that would simplify the complexity and operative costs of genetic breeding plans has been widely recognized. In that sense, germination from immature seeds in sunflower is a simpler and cheaper alternative to that of in vitro embryo culture, as it is produced in non-sterile conditions. Different techniques to maximize germination percentage were tested using 15 day old seeds. The results indicate that it was important: 1) to scarify seeds and 2) to soak them in 100 ppm of gibberellic acid for 1 hour. Through the application of this technique more than 94% of the seeds germinated.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Verticillium wilt resistance in selections from olive breeding crosses     

Rocío Arias-Calderón  Dolores Rodríguez-Jurado  José Bejarano-Alcázar  Angjelina Belaj  Raúl de la Rosa  Lorenzo León 《Euphytica》2015,206(3):619-629

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Application of Hansch's model to guaianolide ester derivatives: a quantitative structure-activity relationship study     

Macías FA  Velasco RF  Castellano D  Galindo JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3530-3539

A quantitative structure-activity study to evaluate the effect of lipophilia/aqueous solubility on etiolated wheat coleoptiles elongation has been carried out with 34 guaianolides having different numbers of hydroxyl groups and ester side chains of variable length and structure: linear, branched, aromatic, and unsaturated. Compounds have been tested in a range of concentrations between 10 and 1000 microM. Data show a strong influence of lipophilia, expressed as logP values. Specially, data from alkylic side chain ester derivatives adjust to the mathematical model based on Hansch's transport theory; hence, a quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) correlation with a high degree of reliance is provided. Moreover, all active compounds fit the Lipinski's rule of five. Also, the presence of additional hydroxyl groups and their derivatives in the basic skeleton does not affect the mode of action but greatly influences the activity, as they modify the transport through membranes and aqueous phases. Finally, a second hydroxyl group enhances differences of activity between alkylic side chain derivatives by increasing differences in van der Waals interactions.  相似文献   

A high glucose concentration during early stages of in vitro equine embryo development alters expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism     

María J. Sánchez-Calabuig  Raúl Fernández-González  Meriem Hamdi  Katrien Smits  Angela P. López-Cardona  Consuelo Serres  Beatriz Macías-García  Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):787-795

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Comparison of serological tests based on outer membrane or internal antigens for detecting antibodies to Brucella ovis in infected flocks.     

Silvia M Estein  Pablo C Baldi  Raúl A Bowden 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(5):407-411

The aim of this work was to compare the performance of 6 serological tests using outer or internal antigens from Brucella for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep in an endemic area. Outer membrane antigens included a hot saline extract (HS) and the rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) from B. ovis. Internal antigens were LPS-free total cytosolic proteins (CP) and an 18-kDa cytosolic protein (p18) from Brucella spp. Sera from 200 sheep from naturally infected flocks were assayed by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and by complement fixation test (CFT), both using HS, and by 4 ELISA using HS, R-LPS, CP, and p18, respectively. The percentage of positive results was 45.5% for ELISA with HS, 42.0% for ELISA with p18, 39.5% for CFT, 33.5% for ELISA with R-LPS, 29.0% for ELISA with CP, and 18.0% for AGID. Taking CFT as the reference test for calculating relative test parameters, the ELISA with HS had the best sensitivity (96.2%), while AGID and the ELISA with R-LPS had the best specificity (96.6%). The ELISA with CP was not more sensitive than the ELISA with p18 (67.1% vs. 79.7%) in spite of the higher number of antigens in CP. The lower relative sensitivity of tests using internal antigens might reflect a lack of antibodies to cytosolic proteins in some infected animals or a shorter persistence of these antibodies relative to antibodies to outer membrane components after recovery from infection.  相似文献   

Central nervous system gene expression changes in a transgenic mouse model for bovine spongiform encephalopathy     

Tortosa R  Castells X  Vidal E  Costa C  Ruiz de Villa Mdel C  Sánchez A  Barceló A  Torres JM  Pumarola M  Ariño J 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):109

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Pathogenic and immunogenic responses in turkeys following in ovo exposure to avian metapneumovirus subtype C     

Cha RM  Khatri M  Mutnal M  Sharma JM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(1-2):30-36

Commercial turkey eggs, free of antibodies to avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C), were inoculated with aMPV/C at embryonation day (ED) 24. There was no detectable effect of virus inoculation on the hatchability of eggs. At 4 days post inoculation (DPI) (the day of hatch (ED 28)) and 9 DPI (5 days after hatch), virus replication was detected by quantitative RT-PCR in the turbinate, trachea and lung but not in the thymus or spleen. Mild histological lesions characterized by lymphoid cell infiltration were evident in the turbinate mucosa. Virus exposure inhibited the mitogenic response of splenocytes and thymocytes and upregulated gene expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the turbinate tissue. Turkeys hatching from virus-exposed eggs had aMPV/C-specific IgG in the serum and the lachrymal fluid. At 3 week of age, in ovo immunized turkeys were protected against a challenge with pathogenic aMPV/C.  相似文献   

Novel tripeptides with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity isolated from silk cocoon hydrolysate     

Lee HJ  Lee HS  Choi JW  Ra KS  Kim JM  Suh HJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11522-11525

Active compounds with antidiabetic potential were isolated from silk peptide E5K6 by consecutive ultrafiltration and gel filtration using Biogel P-2 and RS-HPLC using a YMC-Pack Pro C18 column. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of silk peptide E5K6 resulted from fractions with MW <1 kDa. The activities of gel-filtered fractions from silk peptide E5K6 of <1 kDa were assayed in vitro, demonstrating that the fourth peak (F4) had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 37.1 mg/mL). F4 of silk peptide E5K6 was separated by HPLC into two peaks. Moreover, the purified compounds were identified as Gly-Glu-Tyr (GEY, MW = 367 Da) and Gly-Tyr-Gly (GYG, MW = 295 Da) according to amino acid sequences, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC(50)) were 2.7 and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively.  相似文献