Two Stagonosporopsis species identified as causal agents of gummy stem blight epidemics of gherkin cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Karnataka,India     

Rajkumar H. Garampalli  Mangala K. Gapalkrishna  Hao-Xi Li  Marin Talbot Brewer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(2):507-512

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Effect of 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP) and 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) on the growth,immunity and muscle composition of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

S. Xia  W. Zhao  N. Li  H. You  L. Yang  X. Wang  M. Rajkumar  X. Geng 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(5):1521-1526

We evaluated the effect of different concentrations of 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP) and 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) on the growth, immunity and muscle composition of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Eight diets (containing no IMP or GMP, or 0.5 g/kg IMP, 1.0 g/kg IMP, 2.0 g/kg IMP, 0.5 g/kg GMP, 1.0 g/kg GMP, 2.0 g/kg GMP, or 0.5 g/kg IMP plus 0.5 g/kg GMP) were prepared. A total of 360 fish (average body weight of 105 g) were randomly selected and placed in groups into 24 plastic aquaria (8 treatments × 3 replicates × 15 individuals per plastic aquaria). The tanks were maintained at the temperature of 15 ± 2°C. The experimental diets were fed for 60 days. The specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly higher in S. maximus fed with IMP or GMP compared with fish fed neither IMP nor GMP. The highest SGR was observed in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg IMP. Supplementation with these dietary nucleotides had a positive, but not significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a significant difference in the moisture and crude lipid content of muscle from S. maximus fed the different diets compared with control fish. The highest moisture content was 83.44 for a diet of 0.5 g/kg IMP plus 0.5 g/kg GMP, which was also significantly higher when compared to fish fed alternative diets. The crude lipid content of S. maximus fed diets containing either IMP or GMP was significantly higher than those fed diets without IMP or GMP. Thus, according to these results, the optimal level of dietary IMP is 1.0 g/kg, which correlates with the largest increase in growth performance of S. maximus.  相似文献   

Neoplasia in goldlined seabream,Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)          下载免费PDF全文

V Singaravel  A Gopalakrishnan  K Raja  M Rajkumar  H W Ferguson 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(2):405-411

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A new strain of white spot syndrome virus affecting Litopenaeus vannamei in Indian shrimp farms          下载免费PDF全文

S Sivakumar  S Vimal  S Abdul Majeed  S Santhosh Kumar  G Taju  N Madan  T Rajkumar  S Thamizhvanan  K V Shamsudheen  V Scaria  S Sivasubbu  A S Sahul Hameed 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1129-1146

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV)‐infected shrimp samples collected from grow‐out ponds located at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, showed WSSV negative and positive by PCR using primer sets specific to ORF119 and VP28 gene of WSSV, respectively. This indicated the deletion of genetic fragments in the genome of WSSV. The WSSV isolate along with lab strain of WSSV was subjected to next‐generation sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed a deletion of 13,170 bp at five positions in the genome of WSSV‐NS (new strain) relative to WSSV‐TH and WSSV‐LS (lab strain). The PCR analysis using the ORF's specific primer sets revealed the complete deletion of 10 ORFs in the genome of WSSV‐NS strain. The primer set was designed based on sequence covering ORF161/162/163 to amplify a product of 2,748 bp for WSSV‐LS and 402 bp for WSSV‐NS. Our surveillance programme carried out since 2002 revealed the replacement of WSSV‐LS by WSSV‐NS in Indian shrimp culture system.  相似文献   

Evaluation of anxiolytic potential of Celastrus oil in rat models of behaviour     

Rajkumar R  Kumar EP  Sudha S  Suresh B 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(2):120-124

The Celastrus oil, extracted from seeds of Celastrus paniculatus tested at 2 dose levels (1 and 1.5 g/kg), exhibited significant anxiolytic activity and did not produce tolerance. The non-sedative nature and reversal of buspirone induced behaviour (in open field exploration) point to the serotonergic mechanism underlying the anxiolysis, inspiring further research.  相似文献   

Multiple infections caused by white spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in pond‐reared Penaeus vannamei in India and multiplex PCR for their simultaneous detection     

S. Thamizhvanan  S. Sivakumar  S. Santhosh Kumar  D. Vinoth Kumar  S. Suryakodi  K. Balaji  T. Rajkumar  S. Vimal  S. Abdul Majeed  G. Taju  A. S. Sahul Hameed 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(3):447-454

White leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, were collected on a monthly basis from grow‐out ponds located at Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states along the east coast of India for screening of viral and other pathogens. Totally 240 shrimp samples randomly collected from 92 farms were screened for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The number of shrimp collected from shrimp farms ranged from 6 to 20 based on the body weight of the shrimp. All the shrimp collected from one farm were pooled together for screening for pathogens by PCR assay. Among the samples screened, 28 samples were WSSV‐positive, one positive for IHHNV and 30 samples positive for EHP. Among the positive samples, four samples were found to be positive for both WSSV and EHP, which indicated that the shrimp had multiple infections with WSSV and EHP. This is the first report on the occurrence of multiple infections caused by WSSV and EHP. Multiplex PCR (m‐PCR) protocol was standardized to detect both pathogens simultaneously in single reaction instead of carrying out separate PCR for both pathogens. Using m‐PCR assay, naturally infected shrimp samples collected from field showed two prominent bands of 615 and 510 bp for WSSV and EHP, respectively.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance,digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of leopard coral grouper,Plectropomus leopardus (Lacépède, 1802)     

Sudong Xia  Jinhui Sun  Man Li  Wei Zhao  Dan Zhang  Hongzheng You  Mayalagu Rajkumar  Biao Wu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):242-247

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess the interaction between dietary protein levels and fish growth, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of Plectropomus leopardus. Five diets with different protein levels (400 g/kg, 450 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg protein) were designed. P. leopardus fed with 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg dietary protein, showed higher weight gain rates than fish fed 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein. Ingestion rate in fish fed with 500 g/kg dietary protein was significantly higher than those with other diets. P. leopardus fed with 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg dietary protein, showed that feed coefficients were significantly lower than those fed with 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein. Net protein utilization was significantly lower in fish fed with 400 g/kg diet than those with other diets. Fish fed with 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein had an apparent feed digestibility coefficient for dry matter that was significantly lower than that with other diets. Protease activity was highest in fish fed on 500 g/kg dietary protein. Fish fed with 500 g/kg dietary protein, had the highest superoxide dismutase activity. Fish fed with 600 g/kg dietary protein, had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, a diet containing 500 g/kg protein is recommended for P. leopardus aquaculture.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary protein levels on growth,digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and stress tolerance in white‐leg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), reared in high‐density tank trials     

Sudong Xia  Yong Li  Wenqi Wang  Mayalagu Rajkumar  Kumaravel Paramasivam Kumaraguru Vasagam  Hua Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1845-1854

The effects of dietary protein (DP) levels on the growth, digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and stress tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) were investigated in high‐density (375 m^–3) tank trials. Shrimps (6.2 ± 0.2 g) were fed diets with five different protein levels (31%, 35%, 39%, 43% and 47%) for 60 days. The results showed that variations in DP significantly (P<0.05) influenced the growth performance, digestibility, enzyme activity and their ability to tolerate stress. Weight gain showed a linear increase in relation to crude protein (CP) up to 43% and showed a slight decrease with a further increase to 47%. Feed conversion ratio was observed to be the lowest in CP 43%: 2.53. A higher protein efficiency ratio was observed with the low‐protein diet CP31 (1.07); however, it was not significantly different from the rest of the dietary treatments. Protein digestibility was the highest (75.71%) in CP47 and the lowest (71.94%) in CP31. Protease activity ranged between 63.7 and 70.2 (U Protein^–1), and showed a positive correlation with the DP levels. Shrimp fed CP43 well tolerated a sudden decline in salinity and survived for 548.3 min in fresh water. Observations from this study indicate that a DP level around 43% could be optimum for L. vannamei in high‐density culture systems in the absence of natural productivity.  相似文献   

Influence of rare alleles of β‐carotene hydroxylase and lycopene epsilon cyclase genes on accumulation of provitamin A carotenoids in maize kernels          下载免费PDF全文

Rajkumar U. Zunjare  Firoz Hossain  Vignesh Muthusamy  Aanchal Baveja  Hema S. Chauhan  Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu  Supradip Saha  Hari S. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(6):872-880

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major health problems worldwide. Traditional yellow maize possesses very low provitamin A (proA) concentration in endosperm. The influence of rare alleles of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) and lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) genes capable of enhancing proA concentration was studied in four BC₂F₂ populations generated using subtropical inbreds and CIMMYT‐HarvestPlus lines. The occurrence of severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 gene was observed, while lcyE gene was segregated as per Mendelian ratio. Genotype with favourable allele of crtRB1 (CC) had a significant effect on β‐carotene (BC) (7.9‐fold), β‐cryptoxanthin (BCX) (twofold) and proA (5.5‐fold) accumulation, compared to unfavourable genotype (C⁺C⁺). Genotype with favourable allele of lcyE (LL) showed 2.1‐fold, 1.6‐fold and twofold significant enhancement in BC, BCX and proA, respectively, over unfavourable genotype (L⁺L⁺) in pooled analysis. Of the nine genotypes, double homozygote (CC/LL) had the highest mean BC (12.60 μg/g), BCX (4.44 μg/g) and proA (14.82 μg/g), and combined effect was significantly better than individual gene effects or any other combinations. The information generated here would be useful in designing strategy for proA enrichment in subtropical maize.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”—A prolific maize (Zea mays) landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya     

Nitish Ranjan Prakash  Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare  Vignesh Muthusamy  Gulab Chand  Mehar Chand Kamboj  Jayant Subraya Bhat  Firoz Hossain 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):781-789

Prolificacy assumes significance for development of high‐yielding baby corn hybrids. “Sikkim Primitive” is a native landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya, and is the highest prolific maize germplasm. So far, the genetics of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive” has not been deciphered. Here, a prolific inbred (MGU‐SP‐101) developed from “Sikkim Primitive” was crossed with four non‐prolific inbreds viz., LM13, BML7, HKI161 and HKI1128. Six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂) of the crosses were evaluated at two locations during rainy season 2018. MGU‐SP‐101 possessed 2.50–3.78 ears per plant compared to 1.06–1.86 among non‐prolific inbreds. The variation for ears was the highest in F₂s (1–8), followed by BC₁P₁ (1–7) and BC₁P₂ (1–5). The quantitative inheritance pattern of prolificacy with prevalence of non‐allelic interactions of duplicate epistasis type has been observed. Dominance × dominance effect was predominant over additive × additive and additive × dominance effects. Total number of major gene blocks ranged from 0.41 to 2.86, thereby suggesting the involvement of at least one major gene/QTL governing the prolificacy. This is the first report of genetic dissection of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”.  相似文献