Considerations for Scottish soil monitoring in the European context     

I. Aalders    R. L. Hough    W. Towers    H. I. J. Black    B. C. Ball    B. S. Griffiths    D. W. Hopkins    A. Lilly    B. M. McKenzie  R. M. Rees    A. Sinclair    C. Watson  & C. D. Campbell 《European Journal of Soil Science》2009,60(5):833-843

Two contrasting phases of work are described that help inform the development and requirements of a soil monitoring system: firstly, the development and application of a multi-criterion analysis of soil quality indicators grounded in the basic natural sciences; and secondly, scrutiny of the outcome of that process by a wide range of non-specialist but key stakeholders at a workshop. This process ensures that the final monitoring design meets both the scientific rigour expected from a monitoring system and as far as possible meets the aspirations of policy and regulatory stakeholders. Individual indicators of soil quality were evaluated in terms of their applicability against a number of important environmental and logistical parameters and therefore their overall fitness for purpose. These included relevance to different soil types, functions, habitats and threats to soil, the inherent variability of soil, and a range of technical aspects such as analytical complexity, precision and reproducibility of analytical results and whether a standard operating procedure (SOP) existed for the technique. A tiered approach to soil monitoring was supported by workshop delegates. This will require indicators that are suitable and effective at national, site-specific and process-level scales. In addition, the opportunities for synchronizing soil monitoring with air and water quality monitoring should be considered and the potential for integrating on-site measurements with remote methods should be researched further. It was considered by workshop attendees that soil monitoring should be rooted in pedological principles (i.e. recognizing defined soil horizons) to ensure that results can be extrapolated from individual sites and to retain flexibility.  相似文献   

Release of critically endangered crocodiles: Development and application of a food web approach to determine suitability of release habitat     

Paul J. McInerney  Michael E. Shackleton  Gavin N. Rees  Jackson L. Frechette  Han Sam  Leng Hor 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(11):1849-1862

Implications of nutrient enrichment for the conservation and management of seagrass Zostera muelleri meadows     

Moyang Li  Carolyn J. Lundquist  Conrad A. Pilditch  T.A.V. Rees  Joanne Ellis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1484-1502

THE DRYING OF TIMOTHY SEED     

M. E. Nelltst    D. V. H. Rees  D. M. J. Higgs 《Grass and Forage Science》1966,21(1):80-84

Physical data, from an experiment to determine the effect of drying on the quality of S48 timothy seed, are used to derive an equation relating the average drying rate of the seed to the temperature and flow of the drying air. The relationship, which can be of use in practical problems, demonstrates the importance of air temperature in determining the drying rate, particularly when compared with similar Jula for wheat.  相似文献   

The saga of american universities: the role of science     

Rees M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(4068):19-23

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The end of mandatory retirement for tenured faculty     

Rees A  Smith SP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5022):838-839

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THE ANALYSIS OF "DUST" COLLECTED IN A VACUUM CLEANER FROM THE BOOK SHELVES OF THE RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE LIBRARY     

Rees RR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1916,44(1139):618

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High-Temperature Treatment (Blindstoken) of Bulbs of Tulip cv Rose Copland for Flower Killing and Yield Improvement     

A.R. Rees  J.B. Briggs 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):379-387

A three-year experiment on the high-temperature treatment of tulip bulbs established that yield could be increased by between 8 and 31 % for bulb weight or between 14 and 29 % for numbers of large bulbs, depending upon season, associated with a near-complete flower kill. The optimum pre-treatment storage temperature was 17°C, and the best date (of the five tested) for starting blindstoken at 33°C for one week was 20th-21st September.

Yield increases were greater when the blindstoken treatment was applied to bulbs whose shoots were short; later treatment, or treatment after pre-treatments which allowed faster shoot growth, were less effective. For optimum flower kill and yield increase the shoot should be about 1 cm high at treatment. Bulb weight and large bulb number were correlated, suggesting that the treatment increases total bulb weight by increasing bulb size rather than by differentially affecting the growth of daughter bulbs.

No adverse effects of the treatments were observed when the bulbs were forced in a glasshouse the following season.  相似文献   

The effect of co‐composted cabbage and ground phosphate rock on the early growth and P uptake of oilseed rape and perennial ryegrass     

Robin L. Walker  Anthony C. Edwards  Phillip Maskell  Christine A. Watson  Robert M. Rees  Oliver G.G. Knox  Elizabeth A. Stockdale 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(4):595-603

Phosphorus (P) availability to crops in organic systems can be a major issue, with the use of readily available forms often restricted. One product that can be used in organically managed systems, that is also relatively easily accessible to growers, is phosphate rock, although its solubility and therefore crop availability is often poor. One possible approach to improve this situation is co‐composting phosphate rock with selected organic waste materials. Various ratios of phosphate rock and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) residues were co‐composted and the products tested at different rates of application. The effects were assessed over 12 weeks using oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as bioassay crops in a pot experiment. At harvest, estimates of P derived from cabbage and phosphate rock for the lowest of two rates of compost were ≈ 2 and 10 mg P pot^–1 for oilseed rape, compared to 5 and 2 mg P pot^–1 for perennial ryegrass, respectively. Roots tended to have higher P concentrations than shoots. The crops showed differences in their abilities to access various P sources, with oilseed rape effectively taking P from phosphate rock, whereas perennial ryegrass was more effective at accessing cabbage‐derived P (the main substrate in the compost). Oilseed rape was able to take up 20% of the total P applied as phosphate rock, whereas perennial ryegrass took up less than 5% of the total P applied from this material. Both pre‐ and post‐application solubilisation/transformation mechanisms were involved in supplying plant‐available P. Quantifying the relative contribution from individual P sources remains problematic even within this relatively simple system.  相似文献   

An improved method for measuring soil N2O fluxes using a quantum cascade laser with a dynamic chamber     

N. J. Cowan  D. Famulari  P. E. Levy  M. Anderson  M. J. Bell  R. M. Rees  D. S. Reay  U. M. Skiba 《European Journal of Soil Science》2014,65(5):643-652

A dynamic chamber method was developed to measure fluxes of N₂O from soils with greater accuracy than previously possible, through the use of a quantum cascade laser (QCL). The dynamic method was compared with the conventional static chamber method, where samples are analysed subsequently on a gas chromatograph. Results suggest that the dynamic method is capable of measuring soil N₂O fluxes with an uncertainty of typically less than 1–2 µg N₂O‐N m^?2 hour^?1 (0.24–0.48 g N₂O‐N ha^?1 day^?1), much less than the conventional static chamber method, because of the greater precision and temporal resolution of the QCL. The continuous record of N₂O and CO₂ concentration at 1 Hz during chamber closure provides an insight into the effects that enclosure time and the use of different regression methods may introduce when employed with static chamber systems similar in design. Results suggest that long enclosure times can contribute significantly to uncertainty in chamber flux measurements. Non‐linear models are less influenced by effects of long enclosure time, but even these do not always adequately describe the observed concentrations when enclosure time exceeds 10 minutes, especially with large fluxes.  相似文献