排序方式： 共有61条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Awais Rasheed Tania Safdar Alvina Gul-Kazi Tariq Mahmood Zahid Akram Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi 《Breeding Science》2012,62(4):365-370
High molecular weight glutenin subunit composition and variation in 95 Elite-1 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (Triticum turgidum/Aegilops tauschii; 2n = 6× = 42; AABBDD) were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method (SDS-PAGE). Twenty two different alleles at Glu-1 loci in SHs were observed. Forty four different patterns of HMW-GS in synthetics were found. This higher HMW glutenin composition was due to higher proportion of D-genome encoded subunits in these SHs. 8% urea/SDS-PAGE better discriminated subunit 2* than 12% gels. However 12% urea/SDS-PAGE allowed differentiated mobility of Glu-Dt1 subunits. Genetic variability at Glu-Dt1 locus was greater than Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci. The relative high frequency of superior alleles, Glu-B1b and Glu-Dt1d indicated the superior bread making quality attributes embedded in these synthetic hexaploid wheats. Of the 95 Elite-1 SHs 27.1% possessed superior alleles at Glu-A1 and 51% had superior alleles at Glu-B1 locus. At Glu-Dt1 frequency of inferior allele 1Dx2 + 1Dy12 was very low (5.26%) and nine different rare alleles along with the higher frequency (22.1%) of D-genome encoded subunit, 1Dx5 + 1Dy10, were observed. These superior alleles shall form the priority selective sieve for their usage in wheat improvement efforts. 相似文献
32.
Drought and heat are major environmental stresses that continually influence plant growth and development. Under field conditions, these stresses occur more frequently in combination than alone, which magnifies corresponding detrimental effects on the growth and productivity of agriculturally important crops. Plant responses to such abiotic stresses are quite complex and manifested in a range of developmental, molecular, and physiological modifications that lead either to stress sensitivity or tolerance/resistance. Maize (Zea mays L.) is known for its sensitivity to abiotic stresses, which often results in substantial loss in crop productivity. Bioaugmentation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and heat stresses on plants. Hence, this is considered a promising and eco-friendly strategy to ensure sustainable and long-term maize production under adverse climatic conditions. These microorganisms possess various plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics that can induce drought and heat tolerance in maize plants by directly or indirectly influencing molecular, metabolic, and physiological stress responses of plants. This review aims to assess the current knowledge regarding the ability of PGPR to induce drought and heat stress tolerance in maize plants. Furthermore, the drought and heat stress-induced expression of drought and heat stress response genes for this crop is discussed with the mechanisms through which PGPR alter maize stress response gene expression. 相似文献
33.
Ameer Muhammad Wajahat Jabeen Farhat Asad Muhammad Kaukab Ghazala Bashir Amnah Rasheed Misha Younis Hafsa Munir Naveed Nawaz Javaria Zainab Rida Akram Muhammad 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2021,47(5):1559-1564
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - The applications of exogenous hormones in different species for the induction of oocyte production, final oocyte maturation (FOM), and spawning for their... 相似文献
34.
Saba Anwar Hafiz Muhammad Akram Mubashir Niaz Rizwan Rasheed 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(19):2225-2232
Drought severely affects yield and its quality in different plants. In a field experiment, maize was exposed to drought stress at vegetative, silking, and kernel-filling growth stages to determine the drought-induced changes in kernel yield and quality traits. The experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Withholding water at the vegetative stage was very effective in increasing protein, total amino acids, total soluble sugars, glucose, and sucrose contents in maize kernels. In contrast, drought applied at the kernel-filling stage increased the total free amino acids, total phenolics, and activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in maize kernels. Drought at the vegetative stage improved the kernel quality while at the silking stage severely affected kernel yield in maize. Taken together, the results suggested that incidence of drought should be avoided at the silking stage to minimize kernel yield losses and decrease in kernel quality in maize. 相似文献
35.
Muhammad Arshad Ali Noman Qasim Ali Muhammad Rizwan Mujahid Farid 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(4):533-546
A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants. Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha?1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd. The results showed that 100 µM Cd concentration decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, and mineral nutrients in wheat plants. Cadmium stress increased tissue Cd and H2O2 concentrations. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymes, increased while the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA), α-tocopherol, and phenolics decreased under Cd stress. Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients and decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shoots. Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes which emerged as an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat. We conclude that P application contributes to decreased Cd concentrations in wheat shoots and increased gas exchange attributes and antioxidant enzymes and could be implemented in a general scheme aiming at controlling Cd concentrations in wheat for sustained production of this important grain crop. 相似文献
36.
Rui-cai HAN Adnan Rasheed Yu-peng WANG Zhi-feng WU Shuang-qin TANG xiao-hua PAN Qing-hua SHI Zi-ming WU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1736-1744
Xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in purine metabolism. To evaluate the effect of XDH deficiency on rice growth during dark treatment, wild type(WT) Nipponbare(Oryza sativa L.) and two independent transgenic lines with severe RNAi suppression(xdh3 and xdh4) were used in the present experiment. Under normal growth conditions, chlorophyll levels and biomass were indistinguishable between WT and the two RNAi transgenic lines, but XDH enzyme activity and ureide levels were suppressed in XDH RNAi transgenic lines. When XDH RNAi transgenic lines were subjected to dark treatment, chlorophyll content and biomass were significantly decreased, while O_2~–· production rate and malonaldehyde(MDA) were significantly increased compared to WT. The spraying test of exogenous allantoin raised chlorophyll content and biomass and reduced O_2~–· production rate and MDA in WT and both transgenic lines, and it also simultaneously reduced differences between RNAi and WT plants caused by XDH deficiency in growth potential and anti-oxidative capacity under dark treatment. These results suggested that fully functional purine metabolism plays an important role in reducing the sensitivity of rice seedlings to dark stress. 相似文献
37.
该研究选用蒸汽爆破油菜秸秆,对其进行羟基磷灰石和KMnO4浸渍处理,再用壳聚糖和NaOH溶液改性所获得的生物质炭改性,以比较表面特性变化和吸附/解吸Cd~(2+)的特征。结果表明,改性处理可有效地在生物质炭表面负载相应官能团,如羟基磷灰石处理使生物质炭表面磷酸盐增多,比表面积提高至225.68 m2/g;而壳聚糖、KMnO4和NaOH处理,则引入了-NH2和-OH、-COOH等酸性含氧官能团。尽管改性生物质炭表面电荷减少,但Cd~(2+)吸附容量却提高了13%～315%,其吸附行为可用Langmuir等温吸附式拟合,并符合Pseudosecondorder吸附动力学方程。改性后,生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附主要为专性吸附,其初始吸附速率提高了65%～379%,而解吸率降低了17%～91%,表明对Cd~(2+)的吸附更快且更加稳定,具有良好的应用潜力。 相似文献
38.
Abdul Rashid Hari Ram Chun-Qin Zou Benjavan Rerkasem Aildson P. Duarte Simunji Simunji Atilla Yazici Shiwei Guo Muhammad Rizwan Rajinder S. Bal Zhaohui Wang Sudeep S. Malik Nattinee Phattarakul Rogerio Soares de Freitas Obed Lungu Vera L. N. P. Barros Ismail Cakmak 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):791-804
Seeds enriched with zinc (Zn) are ususally associated with better germination, more vigorous seedlings and higher yields. However, agronomic benefits of high‐Zn seeds were not studied under diverse agro‐climatic field conditions. This study investigated effects of low‐Zn and high‐Zn seeds (biofortified by foliar Zn fertilization of maternal plants under field conditions) of wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on seedling density, grain yield and grain Zn concentration in 31 field locations over two years in six countries. Experimental treatments were: (1) low‐Zn seeds and no soil Zn fertilization (control treatment), (2) low‐Zn seeds + soil Zn fertilization, and (3) Zn‐biofortified seeds and no soil Zn fertilization. The wheat experiments were established in China, India, Pakistan, and Zambia, the rice experiments in China, India and Thailand, and the common bean experiment in Brazil. When compared to the control treatment, soil Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield in all six locations in India, two locations in Pakistan and one location in China. Zinc‐biofortified seeds also increased wheat grain yield in all four locations in Pakistan and four locations in India compared to the control treatment. Across all countries over 2 years, Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8% and grain yield by 5.37%. In rice, soil Zn fertilization increased paddy yield in all four locations in India and one location in Thailand. Across all countries, paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization and 5.3% by Zn‐biofortified seeds when compared to the control treatment. In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil. Effects of soil Zn fertilization and high‐Zn seed on grain Zn density were generally low. This study, at 31 field locations in six countries over two years, revealed that the seeds biofortfied with Zn enhanced crop productivity at many locations with different soil and environmental conditions. As high‐Zn grains are a by‐product of Zn biofortification, use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping season can contribute to enhance crop productivity in a cost‐effective manner. 相似文献
39.
Arslan Qayyum Usman Arshad Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf Nasim Ahmad 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):555-560
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breeding method and season on pregnancy rate and cumulative embryonic and fetal losses in Nili-Ravi buffalo. Estrus detection was performed twice a day by teaser buffalo bull for 1 hour each. A 2?×?2 factorial design was used to address the breeding method and season. Buffaloes (n?=?130) exhibiting estrus were randomly assigned to be bred either in peak breeding season (PBS; n?=?80) or low breeding season (LBS; n?=?50). Within each season, buffaloes were divided to receive either natural service (NS; n?=?65) or artificial insemination (AI; n?=?65). NS buffaloes, in estrus, were allowed to remain with the bull until mating. AI was achieved, using frozen thawed semen of bull of known fertility. PBS comprised of September to December and LBS were from May to July. Serial ultrasonography was performed on days 30, 45, 60, and 90 after breeding (day 0) to monitor pregnancy rate and embryonic and fetal losses. The pregnancy rate on day 30 after breeding was higher in NS as compared to AI group (63 vs. 43%; P?<?0.05) during PBS while it did not differ (48 vs. 32%; P?>?0.05) in LBS. The cumulative embryonic and fetal losses between days 31 and 90 were significantly lower in PBS than LBS (33 vs. 60%; P?<?0.05), ignoring breeding method. Pregnancy rates were better with NS in PBS, and cumulative embryonic fetal losses were higher in LBS in Nili-Ravi buffalo. 相似文献
40.
Variyar PS Ahmad R Bhat R Niyas Z Sharma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):7945-7950
Volatile aroma principles, nonvolatile taste constituents (caffeine and chlorogenic and caffeic acids), and glycosidically bound aroma compounds of monsooned and nonmonsooned raw arabica coffee were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the most potent odor active constituents known to contribute to the aroma of the green beans, 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 4-vinylguaiacol, beta-damascenone, (E)-2-nonenal, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, phenylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyric acid were detected by GC-MS in both samples. A decrease in content of methoxypyrazines and an increase in 4-vinylguaiacol and isoeugenol resulted in a dominant spicy note of monsooned coffee. These phenolic compounds exist partly as their glycosides, and their release from the bound precursors during monsooning accounted for their higher content in monsooned coffee. A considerable decrease in astringent chlorogenic acid as a consequence of hydrolysis to bitter caffeic acid was noted in monsooned coffee. Radiation processing of nonmonsooned beans at a dose of 5 kGy resulted in an increased rate of monsooning. At this dose a quantitative increase in most of the aroma active components could be observed in all samples studied. Hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid to caffeic acid was noted in radiation-processed monsooned coffee beans irrespective of whether the treatment was carried out before or after monsooning. These changes were, however, not observed in irradiated, nonmonsooned coffee beans, suggesting an enzymatic rather than a radiolytic cleavage of chlorogenic acid. A rationale behind the mechanism of monsooning and radiation-induced enhancement of the monsooning process is discussed. 相似文献