An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody against avian influenza virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D B Snyder  W W Marquardt  F S Yancey  P K Savage 《Avian diseases》1985,29(1):136-144

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting antibody to type A avian influenza (AI) virus. The sensitivity and group specificity of the AI-ELISA were compared with those of the agar-gel-precipitin test (AGPT) and the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test under conditions of both controlled and field exposure. During the course of temporal experimental infection (0-76 days) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with AI subtype Hav9N2, the AI-ELISA was able to detect specific AI antibody as early as 8 days postinoculation (PI), and it measured rising levels of antibody through 35 days PI, at which time the chickens were re-exposed to AI virus. Conversely, AGP tests were negative through 35 days PI, and HI tests began to detect low levels of AI antibody only at 21 days PI. Following a secondary infection at 35 days PI with the same AI subtype, all tests measured rising levels of AI-specific antibody (35-76 days PI). However, the AGP test was positive at only the 7- and 14-day samplings postsecondary immunization. Under field conditions, the AI-ELISA was able to detect serum AI antibody in flocks from which highly pathogenic AI was isolated, but the AGP tests of these sera were negative.  相似文献   

Lymphocyte blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in North American wild ruminants and domestic sheep     

E S Williams  J C DeMartini  S P Snyder 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(11):2317-2321

The efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and fecal culture for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was assessed in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (O virginianus), bighorn X mouflon (O musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. Spontaneously infected bighorns were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested monthly for 12 months or periodically for 36 months. Lymphocyte blastogenesis tests were conducted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and protein antigens of M avium, M bovis, and M paratuberculosis. Best diagnostic results were obtained when M avium purified-protein derivative was used as antigen and 20% bovine fetal serum was incorporated in the culture medium; a positive test was defined as a stimulation index greater than or equal to 3.5. Test sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 82% and 94% in hybrid sheep and were 72% and 100% in domestic sheep. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 39% and 94% in elk and 53% and 92% in deer. When infection was determined in spontaneously infected bighorns by culture of M paratuberculosis and/or the presence of acid-fast bacilli in characteristic microscopic lesions, sensitivity was 75% and specificity was 87%. Fecal cultures and the complement-fixation tests seldom correctly identified infected animals.  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study of Silver Sodium Zirconium Phosphate Polyurethane Foam Wound Dressing on Wounds of the Distal Aspect of the Forelimb in Horses          下载免费PDF全文

Maureen E. Kelleher DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Isabelle Kilcoyne MVB  Julie E. Dechant DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS & ACVECC  Emma Hummer BS  Philip H. Kass DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Jack R. Snyder DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(3):359-365

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Transmylohyoid Orotracheal Intubation in Surgical Management of Canine Maxillofacial Fractures: An Alternative to Pharyngotomy Endotracheal Intubation          下载免费PDF全文

Jason W. Soukup DVM  Diplomate AVDC  Christopher J. Snyder DVM  Diplomate AVDC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(4):432-436

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Antigenic characterization of IBDV field isolates by their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies     

P Van der Marel  D Snyder  D Lütticken 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(2):81-83

Recently Infectious Bursal Disease Virus isolates have been described in USA displaying an antigenic drift. Many of the new isolates were very virulent for chickens. In several European countries severe outbreaks of Gumboro disease have also been reported from vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks. Since vaccinated SPF birds were shown to be protected against challenge infection with the new isolates under laboratory conditions, a more detailed investigation of the European isolates is wanted. The similarity between the European and US field situation got us to use a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) previously applied to characterize US strains for testing European isolates. An antigen capture ELISA has been carried out directly on bursa homogenates of chickens form the field. One European (F52/70) and two US (Var. E and GLS-5) strains have been included as reference viruses. From the results presented here it can be concluded that the European isolates (Netherlands, France, UK, Germany, Jugoslavia and Spain) did not undergo the same antigenic drift as the US strains. A more extensive analysis of the isolates will be done to elucidate their role for disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Comparison of the Stress Response to Seining between Hybrid Sunshine Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis and Palmetto M. saxatilis x M. chrysops Bass     

Kenneth B.  Davis Donald W.  Freeman G. Scott  Snyder 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(1):109-112

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Efficient detection of asparagus monoploids for the production of colchiploid inbreds     

M. J. Bassett  R. J. Snyder  F. F. Angell 《Euphytica》1971,20(2):299-301

Summary An experiment was conducted to develop a method for monoploid seedling detection which is more efficient than making cytological examinations of twin seedlings. A recessive seedling marker gene (basal stem color) was used to detect parthenogenesis in female plants. Out of 10 seedlings showing the marker character, 9 were monoploid as expected. The frequency of parthenogenesis among single seedlings was approximately 1 seedling in 2,400. The marker gene technique increases the efficiency of cytological examination from approximately 1 or 2% to 90%.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No 3681  相似文献   

The relationship between agricultural environments and olfactory dysfunction     

Snyder MC  Leopold DA  Chiu BC  Von Essen SG  Liebentritt N 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2003,9(3):211-219

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Assessment of the Extent to Which Intensively-studied Lakes are Representative of the Adirondack Region and Response to Future Changes in Acidic Deposition     

T. J. Sullivan  B. J. Cosby  A. T. Herlihy  C. T. Driscoll  I. J. Fernandez  T. C. McDonnell  C. W. Boylen  S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer  K. U. Snyder 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,185(1-4):279-291

Many lakes in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, have acidified over the past century due to acidic atmospheric deposition. More recently, most monitored lakes have shown signs of chemical recovery (increase in acid neutralizing capacity) as sulfur deposition levels have declined in response to the Clean Air Act and other emissions control legislation. We used measured and modeled trends in past lakewater acidification and projections of future recovery from acidification to extrapolate results from judgment samples of intensively studied lakes to the population of acid-sensitive Adirondack lakes. Simulations were developed for 70 watersheds using the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) to classify lakes according to their sensitivity to change in atmospheric S and N deposition. MAGIC simulations suggested that the modeled Adirondack Long-Term Monitoring Project (ALTM) and Adirondack Effects Assessment Project (AEAP) lakes were largely among the lakes in the population that had acidified most between 1850 and 1990. Most of the modeled ALTM/AEAP lakes were within the top 36% of acid sensitivity, based on model projections of past acidification and future chemical recovery, compared with the 1,829 Adirondack lakes in EPA’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) statistical frame. Results of this research will allow fuller utilization of data from on-going chemical and biological monitoring and process-level studies by providing a basis for regionalization of findings and developing/refining relationships among watershed characteristics, chemical change, and biological responses to changing levels of acidic deposition.  相似文献   

Spatial Distribution of Acid-sensitive and Acid-impacted Streams in Relation to Watershed Features in the Southern Appalachian Mountains     

T. J. Sullivan  J. R. Webb  K. U. Snyder  A. T. Herlihy  B. J. Cosby 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,182(1-4):57-71

A geologic classification scheme was combined with elevation to test hypotheses regarding watershed sensitivity to acidic deposition using available regional spatial data and to delimit a high-interest area for streamwater acidification sensitivity within the Southern Appalachian Mountains region. It covered only 28% of the region, and yet included almost all known streams that have low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC ≤20 μeq l^?1) or that are acidic (ANC ≤0). The five-class geologic classification scheme was developed based on recent lithologic maps and streamwater chemistry data for 909 sites. The vast majority of the sampled streams that had ANC ≤20 μeq l^?1 and that were totally underlainby a single geologic sensitivity class occurred in the siliceous class, which is represented by such lithologies as sandstone and quartzite. Streamwater acid-base chemistry throughout the region was also found to be associated with a number of watershed features that were mapped for the entire region, in addition to lithology and elevation, including ecoregion, physiographic province, soils type, forest type and watershed area. Logistic regression was used to model the presence/absence of acid-sensitive streams throughout the region.  相似文献