Bromocriptine-induced reduction of body fat in pigs     

L L Southern  A H Cincotta  A H Meier  T D Bidner  K L Watkins 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(4):931-936

An experiment was conducted with 36 crossbred finishing pigs (18 male castrates and 18 females) to evaluate the effect of bromocriptine implants on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and carcass characteristics. Three levels of bromocriptine (0, 5 and 10 mg/[pig.d]) were administered, via implants at the base of the ear, to six (two replicates of three) male castrates or to six (two replicates of three) intact female pigs (2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments). Average initial weight of pigs at the time of implantation was 89.7 kg, and the implants remained in the pigs for 28 (replicate 1) or 30 (replicate 2) d prior to slaughter. Gain, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were not affected (P greater than .10) by bromocriptine. Plasma urea nitrogen was lower in female pigs administered 10 mg bromocriptine; bromocriptine did not affect PUN of male pigs (gender x bromocriptine, P less than .08). Tenth rib fat thickness and average backfat thickness were lower (P less than .06) and percentage of muscling was higher (P less than .06) in pigs implanted with bromocriptine. Female pigs had less 10th rib fat but larger loin eye areas and a greater percentage of muscling than male pigs.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on growth, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Payne RL  Bidner TD  Southern LL  Geaghan JP 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(5):1230-1239

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soy isoflavones on growth, meat quality, and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (initial and final BW, 26 and 113 kg, respectively) were used and each treatment was replicated four times with three pigs each. The dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) corn-soy protein concentrate (low isoflavones, C-SPC), or 3) C-SPC + isoflavones (isoflavone levels equal to those in C-SBM). Daily gain and ADFI were increased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC relative to pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet in the late finishing period; otherwise, growth performance was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Longissimus muscle area, 10th-rib fat depth, percentage muscling (National Pork Producers Council), 24-h pH and temperature, color, firmness-wetness, marbling, drip loss, and CIE L*, a*, and b* color values were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Dressing percentage, carcass length, weight and percentage of fat-free lean in ham and carcass, lean gain per day, lean:fat, and ham weight were increased (P < 0.10), and ham fat and percentage fat in ham and carcass were decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet compared with pigs fed the C-SPC diet. Pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet had similar (P > 0.10) carcass traits as pigs fed the C-SBM diet, except carcass length, percentage ham lean and thaw loss were greater (P < 0.10), and total ham fat was less (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet. In Exp. 2, 60 gilts (initial and final BW, 31 and 116 kg, respectively) were used, and each treatment was replicated five times with four pigs per replicate. The treatments were 1) C-SBM, 2) C-SBM + isoflavone levels two times those in C-SBM, and 3) C-SBM + isoflavone levels five times those in C-SBM. Daily feed intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.10) in the growing phase and increased (P < 0.10) in the late finishing phases as isoflavone levels increased; otherwise, growth performance was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Diet did not affect (P > 0.10) carcass traits; however, CIE a* and b* color scores and drip loss were decreased (P < 0.06) as isoflavone levels increased. Soy isoflavones decreased fat and increased lean in barrows when fed within the dietary concentrations found in typical C-SBM diets but not when fed to gilts at concentrations above those present in C-SBM diets.  相似文献   

Effect of feather meal as a source of valine for lactating sows     

Southern LL  LeMieux FM  Matthews JO  Bidner TD  Knowles TA 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(1):120-123

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feather meal as a source of Val in lactating sow diets. Sows (five farrowing groups; mean parity = 2.34) were allotted to one of two dietary treatments on the basis of ancestry, parity, and weight and date of d 110 of gestation. The treatment diets included 1) corn-soybean meal lactation diet (n = 40) or 2) corn-soybean meal lactation diet with 2.5% feather meal (n = 39). The diets were formulated on an equal Lys basis. All litters were adjusted to 10 pigs within 24 h after farrowing, and all sows weaned at least nine pigs. Sows were bled at 110 d of gestation and at weaning, and serum urea N was determined. Backfat thickness was determined ultrasonically at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Serum urea N and backfat thickness at d 110 of gestation were used as covariates for serum urea N and backfat thickness at weaning, respectively. The litter response criteria (weaning weight, litter weight gain, and percentage survival) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. The sow response criteria (weaning weight, weight loss per day, weaning backfat thickness, change in backfat thickness, ADFI, and days to estrus) were not affected (P > .10) by feather meal. Sows fed feather meal had increased (P < .01) serum urea N and tended (P = .15) to have decreased sow weaning weight. Following the initial analysis of the data, the data set was split into two groups: 1) sows with litters gaining less than 2.17 kg/d (n = 19 and 20 for control and feather meal diets, respectively) and 2) sows with litters gaining more than 2.17 kg/d (n = 21 and 19 for control and feather meal diets, respectively). These two groups were analyzed separately. In sows with litters gaining less than 2.17 kg/d, the litter and sow criteria were not affected (P > .10) by treatment. In sows with litters gaining more than 2.17 kg/d, sow weaning weight was decreased (P < .04) and sow weight loss (P < .02) and serum urea N (P < .01) were increased in sows fed feather meal. Feather meal (as a source of Val) did not improve litter weight gain, but it increased serum urea N.  相似文献   

杉木涩粒种子定义和X射线片特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈永宝  高捍东 《江苏林业科技》1996,23(4):23-24

用软Ｘ射线摄影技术和切开法研究杉木３种类型种子内部构造。发现涩粒种子内单宁物质的多少不一，并重新定义了涩粒种子，明确了杉木各类种子Ｘ射线片特征。  相似文献   

Effect of microbial phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix in nursery, growing, and finishing pig diets     

Shelton JL  LeMieux FM  Southern LL  Bidner TD 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(2):376-385

Two experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of phytase with and without a trace mineral premix (TMP) in diets for nursery, growing, and finishing pigs on growth performance, bone responses, and tissue mineral concentrations. Pigs (initial and final BW of 5.5 and 111.6 kg [Exp. 1] or 5.4 and 22.6 kg [Exp. 2]) were allotted to treatments on the basis of BW with eight (Exp. 1) or six (Exp. 2) replications of six or seven pigs per replicate pen. Pigs were started on the diets the day of weaning (average of 18 d). In both experiments, the treatments were with or without 500 phytase units/kg of diet and with or without the TMP in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The Ca and available P concentrations were decreased by 0.10% in diets with phytase. The nursery phase consisted of Phase I (7 d), Phase II (14 d), and Phase III (13 d) periods. In Exp. 1, 26 of 52 pigs fed the diet without the TMP and without phytase had severe skin lesions and decreased growth performance; therefore, pigs fed this diet were switched to the positive control diet. In Exp. 2, the treatment without the TMP and without phytase had 12 replications instead of six. At the end of Phase III, half these replications were switched to the positive control diet and half were switched to the diet without the TMP but with phytase. In Exp. 1 during Phases II and III and in the overall data, pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased ADG and ADFI, but the addition of phytase prevented these responses (phytase x TMP; P < 0.02). Growth performance was not affected by diet during the growing-finishing period. Coccygeal bone Zn and Na concentrations were decreased (P < 0.09) in pigs fed the diet without the TMP, and adding phytase increased (P < 0.03) Zn and Fe concentrations. In Exp. 2 during Phases I and II, pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased ADG, but the addition of phytase prevented this response (phytase x TMP; P < 0.10). Pigs fed the diet without the TMP had decreased (P < 0.10) ADG (Phase II and overall), ADFI (Phases II and III and in the overall data), and G:F (Phase III). Coccygeal bone Zn and Cu concentrations were decreased (P < 0.09) in pigs fed the diet without the TMP, and adding phytase increased (P < 0.03) Zn concentration in the bones. These data indicate that removing the TMP in diets for nursery pigs decreases growth performance and bone mineral content, and that phytase addition to the diet without the TMP prevented the decreased growth performance.  相似文献   

Comparison of dietary selenium fed to grower-finisher pigs from various regions of the United States on resulting tissue Se and loin mineral concentrations     

Mahan DC  Brendemuhl JH  Carter SD  Chiba LI  Crenshaw TD  Cromwell GL  Dove CR  Harper AF  Hill GM  Hollis GR  Kim SW  Lindemann MD  Maxwell CV  Miller PS  Nelssen JL  Richert BT  Southern LL  Stahly TS  Stein HH  van Heugten E  Yen JT;North Central Regional Committee on Swine Nutrition 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(4):852-857

A study was conducted to evaluate the mineral content of pork tissue with particular emphasis on Se between various states (regions) having different diet (grain) indigenous Se concentrations. The study involved 19 states in the north, central, and southern regions of the United States, with committee members of NCR-42 and S-1012 (formerly S-288). A total of 62 pigs were used, with collaborators sending 100-g samples each of loin, heart, and liver, and a 3- to 4-g sample of hair (collected along the topline) from two to five market-weight pigs to a common laboratory for analysis. Diets at each station were formulated with locally purchased soybean meal and grain that was either grown or normally fed to pigs within their state. Tissues were analyzed for Se, but only the loin was analyzed for the macro- and micromineral elements. Correlation of dietary minerals to the tissue element was determined. The results demonstrated differences in tissue Se among states (P < 0.01), with high correlations of dietary Se to loin (r = 0.84; P < 0.01), heart (r = 0.84; P < 0.01), liver (r = 0.83; P < 0.01), and hair Se (r = 0.90; P < 0.01) concentrations. The correlation of hair Se to the Se concentration of loin, heart, and liver tissues was high (r > 0.90; P < 0.01). States in the west-central region of the United States and west of the Mississippi river had higher dietary Se and tissue Se concentrations than states in the eastern section of the Corn Belt, east of the Mississippi river, and along the East Coast. Generally, states did not differ greatly in their loin macro- and micromineral concentrations. The simple correlation of dietary minerals to their corresponding loin mineral concentration was generally non-significant, but most macrominerals had decreasing mineral concentrations when the dietary mineral level was higher. These results indicate that regional differences in tissue Se were influenced more by the indigenous Se content of the diet (grain) fed to the pigs than from sodium selenite.  相似文献   

A regional evaluation of the effect of fiber type in gestation diets on sow reproductive performance     

Darroch CS  Dove CR  Maxwell CV  Johnson ZB  Southern LL;S- Regional Research Committee on Nutrition  Management of Swine for Increased Reproduction Efficiency 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(7):1573-1578

A cooperative regional research study using 194 sows, from which data were collected from 381 litters, was conducted at 3 research stations to determine the effects of added psyllium (a concentrated fiber source) or soybean hulls to gestation diets on reproductive performance of sows and preweaning performance of their pigs. Primiparous and multiparous sows were allotted to the 3 treatments of control (corn and soybean meal-based), 0.30% psyllium, or 20% soybean hulls. Sows fed the control and 0.30% psyllium diets were provided 1.82 kg/d, and sows fed the 20% soybean hulls diet were provided 2.0 kg/d to equalize ME, Lys, Ca, P, and vitamin and trace mineral intake. Treatments 1 to 3 had 130, 130, and 121 litters per treatment from 64, 64, and 63 sows, respectively. Gestating sows fed psyllium had a greater (P < 0.01 to 0.10) d 110 gestation, farrowing, weaning, and 17 d postpartum BW and gestation ADG compared with sows fed soybean hulls. Sows fed psyllium also had a greater (P < 0.10 and 0.08) d 110 gestation BW and gestation ADG than the control sows. Sows fed soybean hulls had a reduced (P < 0.06) farrowing BW compared with the control sows. Sows fed psyllium weaned lighter (P < 0.09) pigs than sows fed the control diet. Litter size was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Sows fed psyllium had a reduced (P < 0.03) feed intake compared with sows fed soybean hulls for d 5 to 7 postpartum, and sows fed the control diet were intermediate. Fecal scores (1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) were greater (P < 0.001) and DM content was less (P < 0.001 to 0.01) in the feces of sows fed soybean hulls compared with sows fed psyllium or the control diet on d 112 of gestation and d 4 postpartum. Fecal scores were greater (P < 0.10) and fecal DM content was less (P < 0.02) in sows fed psyllium compared with sows fed the control diet only on d 4 postpartum. In summary, sows fed soybean hulls during gestation had reduced BW compared with sows fed the control diets. In contrast, sows fed psyllium had an increased BW.  相似文献   

甘蓝抗黑腐病离体鉴定方法的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄德芬  李成琼  司军  任雪松  宋洪元 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,33(8)

以活体喷雾法作对照,研究了不同离体接种方法、不同接种浓度以及不同苗龄对甘蓝抗病性鉴定的影响.结果表明:采用环叶打孔离体叶片滴接法在甘蓝4～6片真叶期时,将浓度为1.0×108 cfu/mL的细菌悬浮液接种在直径1.5cm甘蓝叶片上,放到铺有湿滤纸的培养皿中密封后在28℃培养箱中培养5d后进行鉴定,其鉴定结果与活体喷雾法鉴定结果一致,可用于抗源筛选、品种(系)抗性鉴定及在抗病突变体筛选等方面.  相似文献   

BcA9-Barnase转基因雄性不育甘蓝的获得          下载免费PDF全文

李春雨  何绍敏  兰彩耘  任雪松  司军  李成琼  宋洪元   《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,37(7):52-58

将白菜绒毡层特异启动子BcA9驱动下的核糖核酸酶Barnase基因,通过农杆菌介导的下胚轴转化导入甘蓝材料‘TF’,获得具有除草剂Basta抗性的甘蓝转基因植株.经PCR鉴定,BcA9-Barnase融合基因已经整合到甘蓝基因组中.细胞学观察显示,转基因甘蓝植株的花药因绒毡层细胞提前降解,花粉母细胞退化,成熟花药中无正常花粉粒产生.相对非转基因对照,转基因甘蓝植株花器官变小,花瓣褶皱多,柱头弯曲,雄蕊瘦小等现象.另外,转基因植株在温度低于22℃时出现明显的死蕾现象,当温度高于25℃时,死蕾现象得到缓解.田间结实情况调查显示,转基因甘蓝植株自交不能结实,与野生型杂交可结实但种荚变短.  相似文献   

SCAR分子标记和叶形分析对银杏性别鉴定的研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄茜  陈珂  刘霁瑶  杨晓红  雷波   《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,38(3):62-69

选取12株已知性别成年银杏和27株未知性别银杏幼苗为材料,将成年植株与幼苗的叶形特征及SCAR标记特异带进行协同分析,探索成、幼年银杏间性别特征在形态和分子水平上的偶联关系.结果表明:银杏雌雄株长枝叶片叶形间的稳定差异规律表现为雌株的叶形指数(叶宽/叶长)和叶裂指数(叶裂/叶长)均大于雄株;在成、幼年植株叶形分析基础上,假设了幼苗中的扇形、多裂扇形和蒲扇形叶植株为F类,可能为雌株,假设幼苗叶不规则形、楔形和翅为M类,推测其为雄株;用SCAR-GBA组引物对27株银杏一年生实生苗DNA组进行扩增,经3次重复,其中M组12株幼苗中有11株获得了与成年雄株一致的特异带,F组15株中14株没有雄性特征带.分子技术研究结果与幼苗叶形判断假设之间的吻合率达92.6%,二者之间的偶联关系密切.研究结果证明:采用叶形特征对银杏幼苗进行早期性别鉴定在生产上是可行的.  相似文献