Oral supplementation with L-lysine did not prevent upper respiratory infection in a shelter population of cats     

Rees TM  Lubinski JL 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(5):510-513

Cats in animal shelters are highly susceptible to infection by feline herpesvirus (FHV) by virtue of their stress and close proximity to other cats. Animal shelters take several different approaches to prevent FHV-related upper respiratory infections (URIs), including empirically treating all cats with L-lysine, a supplement believed to prevent the replication of FHV and, therefore, manifestations of herpesvirus infections. In this study we tested oral supplementation of L-lysine as a means to prevent URIs. One hundred and forty-four cats were treated with L-lysine in a small amount of canned food once daily. A 'no treatment' group of 147 cats received no lysine during the course of the study. The development of conjunctivitis or URI was tracked between the two groups. In all measures, there was no effect between the two groups, suggesting that lysine was not able to prevent URI or conjunctivitis in our shelter situation. Cats entering shelters encounter stressors that may make them more susceptible to FHV reactivation or infection. Infection control and control of fomite transmission are also key to keeping cats healthy in a group housing situation. The finding that lysine did not prevent URI in this animal shelter suggests that shelters may better use their resources by finding ways to decrease stress among their feline population, focusing on proper infection control measures, and limiting fomite transmission of disease.  相似文献   

Congratulatory remarks from Wiley,the publishing partner of Integrative Zoology          下载免费PDF全文

Tina WANG 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(6):426-426

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Transsphenoidal surgery: accuracy of an image‐guided neuronavigation system to approach the pituitary fossa (sella turcica)          下载免费PDF全文

Tina J. Owen DVM  Dipl ACVS  Annie V. Chen DVM  MS  Dipl ACVIM  Stephen Frey PhD  Linda G. Martin DVM  MS  Dipl ACVECC  Tobin Kalebaugh BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(5):664-671

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Carbon loads, forms and sequestration potential within ash deposits produced by wildfire: new insights from the 2009 ‘Black Saturday’ fires, Australia     

Cristina Santín  Stefan H. Doerr  Richard A. Shakesby  Rob Bryant  Gary J. Sheridan  Patrick N. J. Lane  Hugh G. Smith  Tina L. Bell 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(4):1245-1253

Forest fires release substantial amounts of carbon (C). Much of it is emitted to the atmosphere, but some is deposited within ash on the ground. Little is known about amount and types of C deposited in ash. Here, we quantify total C, and total inorganic, water-soluble and particulate organic fractions deposited in ash during the catastrophic 2009 ‘Black Saturday’ wildfires in Australia. These fires coincided with the highest air temperatures and lowest humidity ever recorded in the local area, which, combined with high fuel loads of mostly long unburnt eucalypt forests, generated extreme burning conditions. In three mixed-species eucalypt forest sites sampled, the canopy, understorey and litter fuels were almost completely consumed, resulting in substantial ash deposition (mean, 81.9 t ha^?1), with 5.9 t ha^?1 of C being transferred from vegetation to the forest floor. In five temperate rainforest sites sampled, the canopy was not burnt and ash deposition was lower (mean, 48.3 t ha^?1) than in the mixed-species eucalypt forest, but overall their higher C content resulted in higher C deposition (8.1 t ha^?1). In all cases, most C contained in ash was organic and its pyrogenic nature infers increased resistance to degradation. Pyrogenic C is viewed by many as an important C sink, which could contribute to long-term C sequestration when incorporated into soils or sediments. Our results highlight the potential importance of the pyrogenic C pool in freshly deposited ash and, therefore, the necessity of a systematic and detailed analysis of ash deposition and C forms in ash to improve our understanding of C fluxes by forest fires.  相似文献   

Mustelidae are natural hosts of Staphylococcus delphini group A     

Guardabassi L  Schmidt KR  Petersen TS  Espinosa-Gongora C  Moodley A  Agersø Y  Olsen JE 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(3-4):351-353

According to the current taxonomy, the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) comprises of at least three distinct species. While S. intermedius and S. pseudintermedius are associated with specific hosts (pigeons and dogs, respectively), the natural host of S. delphini remains unclear. We analysed 158 SIG isolates from less studied animal species belonging to the order Carnivora, including mink (n=118), fox (n=33), badger (n=6) and ferret (n=1). Species identification was performed by nuc PCR in combination with sodA sequence analysis and pta PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed a consistent association between host and bacterial species. All isolates from minks, ferret and badgers belonged to S. delphini group A, whereas all fox isolates except one were identified as S. pseudintermedius. The remaining fox isolate belonged to S. delphini group A. The results indicate that Mustelidae such as minks, ferrets and badgers are natural hosts of S. delphini group A. This is in contrast with Canidae, which are primarily colonized and infected with S. pseudintermedius. These findings suggest that coagulase-positive staphylococcal species may have evolved and diverged through host adaptation.  相似文献   

Cloning and analysis of the gene for a major surface antigen of Mycoplasma gallisepticum     

Spencer DL  Kurth KT  Menon SA  VanDyk T  Minion FC 《Avian diseases》2002,46(4):816-825

Myplasma gallisepticum infects a wide variety of gallineaceous birds including chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. Infection occurs both horizontally and vertically. Thus, control of the spread of M. gallisepticum to noninfected flocks is difficult. Continual monitoring is necessary to identify infected flocks even under the most stringent infectious control practices. Monitoring, however, is usually performed by measuring hemagglutination activity (HA) in serum, an insensitive and variable test. Variability in the HA test arises differences in agglutination antigen, changes in antigenic profiles of the M. gallisepticum strain, and variability in reading the agglutination reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the preferred method of testing because of the ease in obtaining sera and the sensitivity and reproducibility of the assays, but the ELISA suffers from a lack of standardization in the test antigen. The ELISA test will be more easily accepted once the test antigen has been standardized. To this end, we have identified, cloned, and characterized the gene for an antigen that has potential as a species-specific antigen for M. gallisepticum The gene codes for a 75-kD protein, P75, that is recognized during natural infections. Recombinant P75 is not recognized in immunoblots by convalescent sera produced in chickens infected with Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma gallinarum, and Mycoplasma gallinaceum or in turkeys infected with Mycoplasma meleagridis.  相似文献   

Solvation descriptors for pesticides from the solubility of solids: diuron as an example     

Caroline E Green  Michael H Abraham  William E Acree  Karin M De Fina  Tina L Sharp 《Pest management science》2000,56(12):1043-1053

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Effect of two-week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves,senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars     

Siegfried Schittenhelm  Tina Langkamp-Wedde  Martin Kraft  Lorenz Kottmann  Katja Matschiner 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):722-733

To examine the extent to which heat stress during grain filling impacts on the development and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a 3-year field experiment was conducted on a loess soil with high water holding capacity in the North German Plain. Thirty-two mostly European winter wheat cultivars were exposed to heat stress in a mobile foil tunnel with maximum air temperatures of 45.7, 45.4, and 47.2°C in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. The 14-day post-anthesis heat stress treatment caused an average 57.3% grain yield reduction compared to a close-by non-stressed control. The proportion of green crop area after the heat stress phase varied from 7% to 98% in 2016 and from 37% to 94% in 2017. The green crop area percentage did not significantly correlate with grain yield, indicating that the delayed senescence of stay-green phenotypes offers no yield advantage under terminal heat stress. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of the stems at crop maturity varied between 6 and 92 g/kg dry matter, showing that the genotypes differed in their efficiency at using the stem carbohydrate reserves for grain filling under heat stress. The stem WSC concentration correlated positively with the beginning of anthesis (r = 0.704; p < .001) but negatively with the grain yield (r = −0.431; p < .05). For heat tolerance breeding, the stem reserve strategy, i. e. the rapid and full exhaustion of the temporary carbohydrate storage therefore seems more promising than the stay-green strategy.  相似文献   

Study of Structure–Activity Relationships of the Marine Alkaloid Fascaplysin and Its Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents     

Maxim E. Zhidkov  Moritz Kaune  Alexey V. Kantemirov  Polina A. Smirnova  Pavel V. Spirin  Maria A. Sidorova  Sergey A. Stadnik  Elena Y. Shyrokova  Dmitry N. Kaluzhny  Oleg A. Tryapkin  Tobias Busenbender  Jessica Hauschild  Tina Rohlfing  Vladimir S. Prassolov  Carsten Bokemeyer  Markus Graefen  Gunhild von Amsberg  Sergey A. Dyshlovoy 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

Marine alkaloid fascaplysin and its derivatives are known to exhibit promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. However, toxicity of these molecules to non-cancer cells was identified as a main limitation for their clinical use. Here, for the very first time, we synthesized a library of fascaplysin derivatives covering all possible substituent introduction sites, i.e., cycles A, C and E of the 12H-pyrido[1-2-a:3,4-b’]diindole system. Their selectivity towards human prostate cancer versus non-cancer cells, as well as the effects on cellular metabolism, membrane integrity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction and their ability to intercalate into DNA were investigated. A pronounced selectivity for cancer cells was observed for the family of di- and trisubstituted halogen derivatives (modification of cycles A and E), while a modification of cycle C resulted in a stronger activity in therapy-resistant PC-3 cells. Among others, 3,10-dibromofascaplysin exhibited the highest selectivity, presumably due to the cytostatic effects executed via the targeting of cellular metabolism. Moreover, an introduction of radical substituents at C-9, C-10 or C-10 plus C-3 resulted in a notable reduction in DNA intercalating activity and improved selectivity. Taken together, our research contributes to understanding the structure–activity relationships of fascaplysin alkaloids and defines further directions of the structural optimization.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterisation of Mycobacterium avium and Rhodococcus equi from granulomatous lesions of swine lymph nodes in Slovenia     

Pate M  Zdovc I  Pirs T  Krt B  Ocepek M 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2004,52(2):143-150

Granulomatous lesions in bovine and especially swine lymph nodes are still frequently observed during routine veterinary meat inspections even though Mycobacterium bovis infections are no longer detected in domestic animals in Slovenia. Different lymph nodes of pigs (n = 260) were investigated using classical bacteriological and molecular methods. Mycobacterium avium alone was isolated in 47.3% of pigs and in mixed infection with Rhodococcus equi in 3.9% of pigs. R. equi alone was isolated in 27.3% and in mixed infection with mycobacteria other than M. avium in 1.5% of pigs. A total of 133 M. avium isolates were typed using the IS1245, IS901 and FR300 PCR. Almost two thirds (60.9%) of isolates belonged to M. avium hominissuis (IS901-, IS1245+ genotype), 33.8% of isolates belonged to M. avium avium (IS901+, IS1245+ genotype) and 5.3% of isolates remained non-typed. Fifty out of 85 R. equi isolates were tested for the virulence-associated antigens (VapA and VapB). Nearly two thirds (60.0%) were positive for VapB while all the other isolates were VapA- and VapB-negative.  相似文献