Effect of nitrogen application at the flowering stage on the quality of soybean seeds     

Toshio Sugimoto  Keiichi Nomura  Ryoichi Masuda  Kuni Sueyoshi  Yoshikiyo Oji 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2065-2075

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer at the flowering stage changed the contents of storage compounds in seeds of Soybean (Glycine max L. cvs Enrei and Tamahomare). The effects of the N application on the maturation of soybean seeds were examined by comparing changes in the contents of amino acids, sugars, water, protein, and oil in seeds from N‐dressed plants (NDS) with those from undressed plants (UDS) during maturation. The application resulted in a decrease of contents of total and some amino acids (glutamine and asparagine) in developing seeds except for at the early maturation stage and in a decreased protein content of mature seeds. On the other hand, the N application led to faster accumulation of oil in developing seeds and to an increased oil content of mature seeds. Based on these results, it was concluded that the N application at the flowering stage changed the composition of solutes imported by developing seeds and resulted in variations in the contents of storage compounds. The results indicate that it is possible to improve seed quality by fine control of N application.  相似文献   

Clay minerals of sediments in the Yatsushiro bay     

Shigenori Aomine  Toshio Higashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):63-66

Since three decades ago it has been established by numerous investigators⁴,⁷,⁹⁾ that the general Process of formation of clay minerals is different between the marine and terrestrial conditions, and that the clays of the marine origin are, in general, of illitic type, whereas those of the terrestrial are of kaolin group. In previous communications,¹,²⁾ it was reported that clay fractions of the soil and mud from the Ariake Sea are characterized by the abundance of minerals of illite-montmorin series (montmorin refers to montmorillonite group after Jackson and Sherman⁸⁾, being different from most terrestrial soils in Kyushu. The matter seems to be of some importance because the Presence of montmorin, even in a relatively small quantity, is likely to exercise a considerable, influence on the behaviour and properties of the clay and the fertility of the soil. The soils of the reclaimed land of the Sea are not only productive, Whether they are clayey or sandy, but also they have been approved to be powerful improving materials for the degraded paddy soils, so-called “Akiochi” soils by several field experiments.  相似文献   

A selective barrier in the midgut epithelial cell membrane of the nonvector whitefly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trialeurodes vaporariorum</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</Emphasis> uptake     

Jun Ohnishi  Toshio Kitamura  Fumihiro Terami  Ken-ichiro Honda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):131-139

We studied the presence of a potential transmission barrier that blocks Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the nonvector greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Because T. vaporariorum can ingest and retain the virus after acquisition feeding on an infected plant, comparable to the vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci, circumstance evidence suggested that a transmission barrier presents at location(s) where the virus moves from the digestive tract lumen to the hemolymph. To provide direct evidence for the site of a transmission barrier in the nonvector insect, we compared the accumulation levels and localization of the virus between the two species of whiteflies. Quantitative real-time and conventional PCR analysis showed that accumulation of the virus during acquisition feeding and retention after a short acquisition period were indistinguishable between the two species, but the circulation of the virus within the whiteflies differed significantly between the species. In an immunofluorescence analysis using an antibody specific to the coat protein of the virus, the virus was restricted to the luminal surface of the midgut epithelial cells and did not enter their cytoplasm or that of the salivary glands in T. vaporariorum. In contrast, the virus was localized within the cytoplasm of the midgut epithelial cells and in the paired salivary glands of B. tabaci adults. This direct evidence shows that a selective transmission barrier at the luminal membrane surface of midgut epithelial cells in the nonvector whitefly blocks entrance of the virus into the midgut epithelial cells, resulting in incompetence as a vector of the virus.  相似文献   

Identification of a bacterium isolated from galls on carrot and weeds     

Hideshi Kawarazaki  Masao Goto  Kotaro Kato  Toshio Kijima  Hiroshi Kawada  Keisuke Yamamoto  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(3):235-240

In 2004, bacterial galls were found on the roots of carrots in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Galls were about 0.1–2 cm in diameter, light brown in color and had rough surfaces. In 2005, similar galls were found on the roots of three weeds: henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.), Persian speedwell (Veronica persica Poir.) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.). A bacterium that forms white, rough colonies was isolated from the carrot and weeds galls. The bacterial isolates had properties identical with Rhizobacter dauci Goto and Kuwata. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the carrot isolate had the highest homology (similarity of 100%) with that of the type strain of R. dauci. Rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting using BOX A1R primer showed that the carrot and weeds isolates were nearly identical. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by inoculating the roots of carrots and the weeds. After 2–5 weeks, they formed galls on the roots of the original host species and on other plant species tested. The galls were indistinguishable from those formed naturally, and the inoculated bacterium was reisolated. Thus, the causal bacterium of carrot and weeds gall was identified as R. dauci, and the bacterium was found to have a wider host range than previously known. These weed hosts may serve as inoculum sources for carrot bacterial gall disease.  相似文献   

翻耙补播对科尔沁碱化草地土壤理化性质和生物活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋德明  贺山峰  曹成有  押田敏雄  李雪华 《中国草地学报》2006,28(4):18-23

对科尔沁地区碱化草甸草地翻耙补播沙打旺后的土壤理化性质和土壤生物活性的变化进行了研究.结果表明,翻耙补播改良后草地综合生产性能得到明显改善,土壤容重、pH、含盐量和碱化度降低,土壤含水量和孔隙度增加,土壤有机质和N、P、K等养分含量增加;同时,土壤微生物C、N的含量以及土壤酶的活性也得到较大幅度提高.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure-activity studies of benzoylphenylurea larvicides: II. Effect of benzyloxy substituents at aniline moiety against Chilo suppressalis Walker     

Yoshiaki Nakagawa  Hajime Iwamura  Toshio Fujita 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(1):7-12

The larvicidal activity of a series of N-2,6-difluorobenzoyl-N′-[4-(substituted benzyloxy)-phenyl]-ureas against nondiapause larvae of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, was measured by a topical application method under conditions in which oxidative metabolism was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide. The effects of the substituted-benzyloxy moiety on variations in the activity were analyzed quantitatively using physicochemical substituent parameters and regression analysis. Results were compared with those found previously for N-2,6-difluorobenzoyl-N′-(4-substituted phenyl)-ureas, indicating that the electron-withdrawing property of the anilide substituents participates in determining the activity through the inductive effect. The hydrophobicity of the total anilide substituents favors activity, whereas the steric dimension in terms of the width lowers it. Although inhibition of new cuticle formation on cultured integument of diapausing larva could not be determined accurately for most of the compounds because of their limited solubility in the assay medium, inhibitory activity seemed related to larvicidal activity, as was the case for previously investigated simpler congeners.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure-activity studies of substituted benzyl chrysanthemates: 5. Physicochemical substituent factors and neurophysiological effects in knockdown and lethal activities against the house fly     

Keiichiro Nishimura  Tetsuo Kitahaba  Nobuyuki Okajima  Toshio Fujita 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(3):314-327

Knockdown and lethal activities of meta- and para-substituted benzyl (1R)-trans-chrysanthemates against the house fly were measured under synergistic conditions using piperonyl butoxide as an inhibitor of oxidative metabolism and NIA 16388 as an inhibitor of hydrolytic degradation. The variations in these activities were quantitatively analyzed in terms of physicochemical substituent effects using electronic, hydrophobic, and steric parameters of the aromatic substituents, and regression analysis. The most significant parameter in determining these activities is the steric bulkiness represented by the van der Waals voluem, the effect of which is highly specific to substituent positions. The substituent effects on knockdown and lethal activities against the house fly are shown to correspond well, respectively, with those on the convulsive and lethal activities against the American cockroach. The relationship between these symptomatic activities against the house fly and the neurophysiological activities determined by using excised nerve cords from American cockroaches were also quantitatively analyzed. Each house fly symptomatic activity was found to be analyzable by a linear combination of the neuroexcitatory and neuroblocking activity indices when the transport factor was separated by using the hydrophobicity parameter.  相似文献   

Spread of local electroantennogram response of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis     

Toshio Nagai 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1983,19(3):291-298

The electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male moths of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) to locally applied pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, were studied with multiple electrodes. The amplitude of the locally elicited EAG was different depending on the stimulated point and also on the recorded locus, and a gradient in the amplitude was observed along the antennal axis. The locally stimulated region responded as a local negative deflection relative to the resting region, and the response spread from the stimulated point in an asymmetric way, more effectively in the proximal direction than in the distal direction. A possible mechanism of the local EAG spread is discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of oral administration of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphyenl on the intestinal microbiota of Sprague–Dawley rats     

Kaoru YAMAZAKI  Takehito SUZUKI  Mitsuyuki SHIRAI  Tatsuya TAKIZAWA  Tadashi SHINODA  Toshio MASAOKA  Fumiaki AKAHORI  Hidetoshi MORITA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):391-400

The effect of the endocrine-disrupting chemical 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphyenl (PCB 126) on intestinal microbiota after oral administration, and the improvement of intestinal microbiota and feces quantity by the subsequent administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus or Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated. All the rats were given 100 μg/kg bodyweight of PCB 126. The changes in bacterial counts were confirmed using a culture method. The administration of PCB 126 tended to decrease the bacterial counts of lactobacilli (10^9.6−10^10.2 to 10^8.8−10^9.2) and bifidobacteria (10^5.3−10^6.1 to 10^3.6−10^4.2), and to increase those of Enterobacteriaceae (10^8.2−10^9.1 to 10^9.4−10^10.3) and staphylococci (10^6.6−10^7.4 to 10^7.2−10^8.4) compared to no PCB 126 administration. After administration of PCB 126, L. acidophilus or L. reuteri orally administered to rats caused Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci counts to decrease, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota was improved by the lactobacilli. The administration of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri improved the balance of intestinal microbiota, and defecation volume returned to its normal level. L. acidophilus and L. reuteri have a remedial effect on intestinal microbiota affected by PCB 126 and can function to lessen accumulated PCB 126 volume.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure—activity relationships of light-dependent herbicidal 4-pyridone-3-carboxanilides I. Effect of benzene ring substituents at the anilide moiety     

Hirokazu Osabe  Yasuo Morishima  Yukihisa Goto  Kazuhisa Masamoto  Yoshiaki Nakagawa  Toshio Fujita 《Pest management science》1992,34(1):17-25

A number of substituted 4-pyridone-3-carboxanilide derivatives show various degrees of light-dependent herbicidal activity. The effects of substituents at the anilide moiety on the activity against Echinochloa oryzicola were analysed quantitatively with physicochemical substituent parameters. The activity was shown to vary parabolically with total hydrophobicity (Σπ) of the anilide ring substituents as well as with the steric parameter (E_s) of the ortho-substituents. The E_s parameter for only the bulkier ortho-substituent, with the more negative value, but not for the two, was significant. The effect of substituents at the 1-position was expressible by indicator variables assigned to each 1-substituted series, the physicochemical rationalization being left for future analyses.  相似文献