Neonicotinoid concentrations in UK honey from 2013          下载免费PDF全文

Ainsley Jones  Gordon Turnbull 《Pest management science》2016,72(10):1897-1900

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Isolation and molecular characterization of streptococcal species recovered from clinical infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines     

Francis S. Legario  Casiano H. Choresca Jr.  Jimmy F. Turnbull  Margaret Crumlish 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(11):1431-1442

Streptococcosis cause severe losses for global tilapia farming, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize streptococci recovered from Nile tilapia farmed in the Philippines. Moribund and apparently healthy fish were sampled from grow-out cages, ponds and hatcheries. Clinical signs observed included exophthalmia, eye opacity, ascites, lethargy, erratic swimming and haemorrhages. Results showed that both Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae were associated with disease in these sites. Consistent with global reports, including those from South-East Asia, S. agalactiae was more widespread than S. iniae. Molecular serotyping of the S. agalactiae isolates identified the serotype Ia and serotype Ib. Histopathological findings were meningitis, meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Identical virulence profiles were found for all strains of S. iniae, while S. agalactiae strains were separated into virulence profile I and profile II. All strains were susceptible to the tested antibiotics and resistant to oxolinic acid. Only S. agalactiae serotype Ib showed resistance to sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim. This is the first study from the Philippines to characterize the streptococci involved in disease outbreaks in tilapia aquaculture. Outputs from this study will promote the development of efficacious disease control strategies in tilapia farming for the Philippines and South-East Asia.  相似文献   

TB policy and the badger culling trials     

Gallagher J  Muirhead RH  Turnbull AT  Davies JI  Ashton WL  Smith J  Daykin J  McDiarmid A 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(7):220

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TB policy and the badger culling trials     

Gallagher J  Muirhead RH  Turnbull AT  Davies JI  Ashton WL  Smith J  Daykin J  McDiarmid A 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(15):524

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Canopy position and needle age affect photosynthetic response in field-grown Pinus radiata after five years of exposure to elevated carbon dioxide partial pressure     

Tissue DT  Griffin KL  Turnbull MH  Whitehead D 《Tree physiology》2001,21(12-13):915-923

Photosynthesis of tree seedlings is generally enhanced during short-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 partial pressure, but longer-term studies often indicate some degree of photosynthetic adjustment. We present physiological and biochemical evidence to explain observed long-term photosynthetic responses to elevated CO2 partial pressure as influenced by needle age and canopy position. We grew Pinus radiata D. Don. trees in open-top chambers for 5 years in sandy soil at ambient (36 Pa) and elevated (65 Pa) CO2 partial pressures. The trees were well watered and exposed to natural light and ambient temperature. In the fourth year of CO2 exposure (fall 1997), when foliage growth had ceased for the year, photosynthetic down-regulation was observed in 1-year-old needles, but not in current-year needles, suggesting a reduction in carbohydrate sink strength as a result of increasing needle age (Turnbull et al. 1998). In 5-year-old trees (spring 1997), when foliage expansion was occurring, photosynthetic down-regulation was not observed, reflecting significantly large sinks for carbohydrates throughout the tree. Net photosynthesis was stimulated by 79% in trees growing in elevated CO2 partial pressure, but there was no significant effect on photosynthetic capacity or Rubisco activity and concentration. Current-year needles were more responsive to elevated CO2 partial pressure than 1-year-old needles, exhibiting larger relative increases in net photosynthesis to elevated CO2 partial pressure (98 versus 64%). Lower canopy and upper canopy leaves exhibited similar relative responses to growth in elevated CO2 partial pressure. However, needles in the upper canopy exhibited higher net photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, and Rubisco activity and concentration than needles in the lower canopy. Given that the ratio of mature to juvenile foliage mass in the canopy will increase as trees mature, we suggest that trees may become less responsive to elevated CO2 partial pressure with increasing age. We conclude that tree response to elevated CO2 partial pressure is based primarily on sink strength and not on the duration of exposure.  相似文献   

Massive outbreak of anthrax in wildlife in the Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe     

Clegg SB  Turnbull PC  Foggin CM  Lindeque PM 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(4):113-118

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Pathogenic diversity of Didymella rabiei isolates from southern Alberta,Canada     

Ahmed  H. U.  Chang  K. F.  Hwang  S. F.  Strelkov  S. E.  Bing  D. J.  Turnbull  G. D. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2007,114(5):189-195

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Sixty-three isolates of Didymella rabiei collected from southern Alberta were analyzed for pathogenic variability using six differential chickpea...  相似文献   

Impact of Foliar Diseases on Photosynthesis, Protein Content and Seed Yield of Alfalfa and Efficacy of Fungicide Application     

Sheau-Fang Hwang  Heping Wang  Bruce D. Gossen  Kan-Fa Chang  George D. Turnbull  Ron J. Howard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(4):389-399

Foliar pathogens attack alfalfa wherever the crop is grown, but their impact, especially on seed production, is poorly understood. In greenhouse trials, leaf spot injury caused by inoculation with various pathogens reduced the crude protein content of infected alfalfa leaves by 22% compared with a healthy control. There was a negative relationship between disease injury and the photosynthetic efficiency of alfalfa plants, as determined by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves from inoculated vs. non-inoculated seedlings. In field trials at two sites in Alberta from 2001 to 2003, inoculation with Phoma medicaginis increased disease incidence in four of six trials, Phoma sclerotioides increased incidence in four of five trials, and Leptosphaerulina trifolii and Stemphylium botryosum increased incidence in two of six trials. There was a trend for inoculation treatments to reduce seed yield, despite high levels of background infection by indigenous pathogens. The fungicides benomyl and propiconazole inhibited radial growth of Phoma spp. in vitro and reduced disease incidence in inoculated greenhouse experiments. In field trials, applications of benomyl and propiconazole reduced disease incidence, but did not always increase seed yield.  相似文献   

Effect of host and non‐host crops on Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spore concentrations and clubroot of canola          下载免费PDF全文

S. F. Hwang  H. U. Ahmed  Q. Zhou  G. D. Turnbull  S. E. Strelkov  B. D. Gossen  G. Peng 《Plant pathology》2015,64(5):1198-1206

Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot of crucifers, poses a serious threat to Canadian canola production. The effects of fallow (F) periods and bait crops (clubroot‐susceptible canola (B) and perennial ryegrass (R)) on clubroot severity and P. brassicae resting spore populations were evaluated in five sequences: R–B, B–R, R–F, B–F and F–F. Both host and non‐host bait crops reduced clubroot severity in a subsequent crop of a susceptible canola cultivar compared with fallow. Resting spore and P. brassicae DNA concentrations decreased in all treatments, but were lowest for the R–B and B–R bait crop sequences. In addition, two studies were conducted in mini‐plots under field conditions to assess the effect of rotation of susceptible or resistant canola cultivars on clubroot severity and P. brassicae resting spore populations. One study included three crops of susceptible canola compared with a 2‐year break of oat–pea, barley–pea, wheat–wheat or fallow–fallow. The other study assessed three crops of resistant canola, two crops of resistant canola with a 1‐year break, one crop of resistant canola and a 2‐year break, and a 3‐year break with barley followed by a susceptible canola. The rotations that included non‐host crops of barley, pea or oat reduced clubroot severity and resting spore concentrations, and increased yield, compared with continuous cropping of either resistant or susceptible canola. Growing of a susceptible canola cultivar contributed 23–250‐fold greater gall mass compared with resistant cultivars.  相似文献   

Neonicotinoid concentrations in arable soils after seed treatment applications in preceding years     

Ainsley Jones  Paul Harrington  Gordon Turnbull 《Pest management science》2014,70(12):1780-1784

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