Equilibrium, Kinetics and Mechanism of Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Pine Cone Biomass of Pinus radiata     

Tushar Kanti Sen  Sharmeen Afroze  H. M. Ang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):499-515

The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption onto raw pine cone biomass (Pinus radiata) was investigated under various physicochemical parameters. The extent of the methylene blue dye adsorption increased with increases in initial dye concentration, contact time and solution pH but decreases with the amount of adsorbent, salt concentration and temperature of the system. Overall the kinetic studies showed that the methylene blue adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics among various kinetic models tested. The different kinetic parameters including rate constant, half-adsorption time and diffusion coefficient are determined at different physicochemical conditions. Equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm among Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of pine cone biomass was 109.89 mg/g at 30°C. The value of separation factor, R _L, from Langmuir equation and Freundlich constant, n, both give an indication of favourable adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (?G ⁰), standard enthalpy (?H ⁰), standard entropy (?S ⁰) and the activation energy (A) were calculated. A single-stage batch absorber design for the methylene blue adsorption onto pine cone biomass has been presented based on the Langmuir isotherm model equation.  相似文献   

GIS-Based Emission Inventory, Dispersion Modeling, and Assessment for Source Contributions of Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment     

Sailesh N. Behera  Mukesh Sharma  Onkar Dikshit  S. P. Shukla 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):423-436

The Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model was used to discern the sources responsible for high PM₁₀ levels in Kanpur City, a typical urban area in the Ganga basin, India. A systematic geographic information system-based emission inventory was developed for PM₁₀ in each of 85 grids of 2?×?2 km. The total emission of PM₁₀ was estimated at 11 t day^?1 with an overall breakup as follows: (a) industrial point sources, 2.9 t day^?1 (26%); (b) vehicles, 2.3 t day^?1 (21%); (c) domestic fuel burning, 2.1 t day^?1 (19%); (d) paved and unpaved road dust, 1.6 t day^?1 (15%); and the rest as other sources. To validate the ISCST3 model and to assess air-quality status, sampling was done in summer and winter at seven sampling sites for over 85 days; PM₁₀ levels were very high (89?C632 ??g m^?3). The results show that the model-predicted concentrations are in good agreement with observed values, and the model performance was found satisfactory. The validated model was run for each source on each day of sampling. The overall source contribution to ambient air pollution was as follows: vehicular traffic (16%), domestic fuel uses (16%), paved and unpaved road dust (14%), and industries (7%). Interestingly, the largest point source (coal-based power plant) did not contribute significantly to ambient air pollution. The reason might be due to release of pollutant at high stack height. The ISCST3 model was shown to produce source apportionment results like receptor modeling that could generate source apportionment results at any desired time and space resolution.  相似文献   

Removal of Zn2+ from Aqueous Solution using Castor Seed Hull     

Masita Mohammod  Tushar Kanti Sen  Saikat Maitra  Binay K. Dutta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,215(1-4):609-620

The effects of various experimental parameters on adsorption of Zn²⁺ metal ion from its aqueous solution by castor seed hull and also by activated carbon have been investigated using batch adsorption experiments. It has been found that the amount of zinc adsorbed per unit mass of the hull increases with the initial metal ion concentration, contact time, solution pH and with the amount of the adsorbent. Kinetic experiments clearly indicate that adsorption of zinc on both castor hull and activated carbon is a three-step process??a rapid adsorption of the metal ion, a transition phase, and an almost flat plateau. This has also been confirmed by the intraparticle diffusion model. It has also been found that the zinc adsorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The kinetic parameters including rate constants have been determined at different initial metal ion concentration, pH, amount, and type of adsorbent, respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models have been used to interpret the equilibrium adsorption data. The Langmuir model yields better correlation coefficients. The monolayer adsorption capacities (q _m ) of castor hull and activated carbon have been compared with those for others reported in the literature. The value of separation factor (R _L ) derived from the Langmuir model gives an indication of favorable adsorption. Finally, from comparative studies, it has been found that castor hull is a potentially attractive adsorbent as compared to commercial activated carbon for the removal of zinc from aqueus effluents.  相似文献   

Hermaphrodite inbreds with better combining ability improve antioxidant properties in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L.]     

Pradip Karmakar  A. D. Munshi  T. K. Behera  Ravinder Kumar  C. Kaur  B. K. Singh 《Euphytica》2013,191(1):75-84

An experiment was conducted with the objectives to evaluate the breeding potential of hermaphrodite lines and to suggest suitable breeding approaches following half-diallel mating design for genetic improvement of antioxidant content and activity in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L.] fruits. Twenty-eight genotypes, including seven parental lines and 21 crosses, were grown in randomized block design with three replications for fruit sample collection. The highly significant mean squares due to parents, hybrids and parents versus hybrids; and GCA and SCA for yield and antioxidants (ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, total phenolics, DPPH-RSA, ABTS-RSA and CUPRAC assay) indicate the existence of abundant genetic variation. The per se performance and combining ability of hermaphrodite parents (Satputia Long and Satputia Small) and hybrids of “monoecious × hermaphrodite” cross were found to be superior for antioxidants along with yield potential. The cross combinations with superior per se performance coupled with high SCA estimates and having at least one hermaphrodite parent would be useful for concentrating desirable alleles to improve the antioxidants and yield simultaneously. Thus, hermaphrodite lines in combination with monoecious counterpart have enormous potential to breed “genotypes for higher antioxidants” without compromising yield in ridge gourd.  相似文献   

Predicting bending rigidity of woven fabrics using artificial neural networks     

B. K. Behera  R. Guruprasad 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(8):1187-1192

This paper reports an investigation on the predictability of bending property of woven fabrics from their constructional parameters using artificial neural network (ANN) approach. Number of cotton grey fabrics made of plain and satin weave designs were desized, scoured, and relaxed. The fabrics were then conditioned and tested for bending properties. Thread density in fabric, yarn linear density, twist in yarn, and weave design were accounted as input parameters for the model whereas bending rigidity in warp and weft directions of fabric formed the outputs. Gradient descent with momentum and an adaptive learning rate back-propagation was employed as learning algorithm to train the network. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the robustness of the model.  相似文献   

Development of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) hybrids overcoming its asynchrony in flowering using cryostored pollen     

Archana Mukherjee  James George  Reshma Pillai  Swarup Kumar Chakrabarti  Samir Kanti Naskar  Rashmishree Patro  Shubhransu Nayak  Vincent Lebot 《Euphytica》2016,212(1):29-36

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Soil Nutrient Status and Leaf Nutrient Norms in Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Plantations Grown in the West Coastal Area of India     

S. K. Behera  K. Suresh  B. N. Rao  K. Manoja  K. Manorama 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):255-262

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a heavy feeder of nutrients and requires balanced and adequate supply of nutrients for optimum growth and yield. Information regarding soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration is very much required for proper fertilizer application. Therefore, a survey was conducted for assessment of soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration in 64 oil palm plantations in the state of Goa lying in the west coastal region of India. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available potassium (K) (ammonium acetate-extractable K) (NH₄OAc-K), available phosphorus (P) (Bray’s-P), exchangeable calcium (Ca) (Exch. Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (Exch. Mg), available sulphur (S) (calcium chloride-extractable S) (CaCl₂-S), and hot water soluble boron (B) (HWB) in surface (0–20 cm depth) soil layers ranged from 4.25 to 6.77, 0.05 to 1.06 dS m^–1, 5.07 to 48.4 g kg^–1, 58.1 to 1167 mg kg^–1, 1.80 to 415 mg kg^–1, 200 to 2997 mg kg^–1, 36.0 to 744 mg kg^–1, 3.00 to 87.7 mg kg^–1 and 0.09 to 2.10 mg kg^–1, respectively. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were established for different nutrient expressions and were used to compute DRIS indices. As per DRIS indices, the order of requirement of nutrients in the region was found to be P > Mg > K > nitrogen (N) > B. Optimum leaf nutrient ranges as per DRIS norms varied from 1.64 to 2.79%, 0.36 to 0.52%, 0.37 to 0.75%, 0.89 to 1.97%, 0.35 to 0.63%, 0.89 to 1.50%, 3.10 to 13.9 mg kg^?1, 7.50 to 32.2 mg kg^?1, 35.0 to 91.1 mg kg^?1, 206 to 948 mg kg^?1, and 895 to 2075 mg kg^?1 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) respectively. On the basis of DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges, 14, 5, 11, 6, 6, 6, 8, 2, 3, 6, and 16% of leaf samples had less than optimum concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe respectively. The optimum ranges developed can be used as a guide for routine diagnostic and advisory purpose for balanced utilization of fertilizers.  相似文献   

Modeling of abrasion resistance of Persian handmade wool carpets using response surface methodology     

Shravan Kumar Gupta  Kamal Kanti Goswami  Abhijit Majumdar 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(4):637-643

The effect of knot density, pile height, number of ply in pile yarn and pile yarn twist on abrasion resistance of Persian handmade wool carpets has been studied. The interaction between the process variables has been analyzed by using response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design of experiment. Knot density, pile height, interactions between knot density and pile height; pile height and pile yarn twist; as well as squares of the knot density, pile height and number of ply in pile yarn are significant process variables. The minimum abrasion loss occurs at the combination(s) of medium values of knot density (six knots per inch) and number of ply in pile yarn (three ply) as well as lower values of pile height (ten mm) and pile yarn twist (three and a half twists per inch).  相似文献   

Sorption properties of iron impregnated activated carbon web for removal of methylene blue from aqueous media     

Salman Naeem  Vijay Baheti  Jiri Militky  Jakub Wiener  Promoda Behera  Azeem Ashraf 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(8):1245-1255

In this study, impregnation of iron chloride was carried out on needle punched web of waste acrylic fibers, which was subsequently carbonized under layer of charcoal by physical activation in high temperature furnace to produce iron impregnated activated carbon (FeAC). For comparison purpose, one more sample of activated carbon (AC) was prepared without impregnation of iron chloride. Both the webs were carbonized at 1200 °C with no holding time, and characterization of BET surface area, SEM morphology, EDX elemental analysis, XRD crystalline structure was performed. The FeAC web was used as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The dye removal percentage was investigated at different experimental parameters like different dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, stirring speed and different pH. The obtained results were analyzed using linear and non-linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and adsorption kinetics (i.e. pseudo first order and pseudo second order model).  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) that caused the first highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in chicken in Bhutan     

Dubey SC  Dahal N  Nagarajan S  Tosh C  Murugkar HV  Rinzin K  Sharma B  Jain R  Katare M  Patil S  Khandia R  Syed Z  Tripathi S  Behera P  Kumar M  Kulkarni DD  Krishna L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(1):100-105

We characterized Influenza A/H5N1 virus that caused the first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in chickens in Bhutan in 2010. The virus was highly virulent to chicken, killing them within two days of the experimental inoculation with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 2.88. For genetic and phylogenetic analyses, complete genome sequencing of 4 viral isolates was carried out. The isolates revealed multiple basic amino acids at their hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, similar to other "Qinghai-like" H5N1 isolates. The receptor-binding site of HA molecule contained avian-like amino acids ((222)Q and (224)G). The isolates also contained amino acid residue K at position 627 of the PB2 protein, and other markers in NS 1 and PB1 proteins, highlighting the risk to mammals. However, the isolates were sensitive to influenza drugs presently available in the market. The sequence analysis indicated that the Bhutan viruses shared 99.1-100% nucleotide homology in all the eight genes among themselves and 2010 chicken isolate from Bangladesh (A/chicken/Bangladesh/1151-11/2010) indicating common progenitor virus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Bhutan isolates belonged to sub-clade 2.2.3 (EMA 3) and shared common progenitor virus with the 2010 Bangladesh virus. Based on the evidence of phylogeny and molecular markers, it could be concluded that the outbreaks in Bhutan and Bangladesh in 2010 were due to independent introductions of the virus probably through migratory birds.  相似文献