Efforts to chemically induce mutations for cytoplasmic male sterility in petunia. I. Field experiments     

A. M. Van Harten  D. W. Van Der Spek  E. C. J. Bal 《Euphytica》1985,34(3):769-778

Summary In the period 1980–1984 about 70000 selfed seeds of the petunia cultivar Blue Bedder were treated with the chemical mutagens ethidium bromide (EB) and ethylnitroso urea (ENU) with the intention to induce (new sources of) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). This work resulted in 27 stable male sterile MS-plants, all derived from the ENU-treatments.Crosses with the normal fertile type and with material carrying restorer genes for the common type of CMS in petunia were made. Results obtained from some MS-plants raise a presumption of genic male sterility, probably of the dominant type, having been induced. More detailed investigations are underway.  相似文献   

Effect of plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. on color and clipping yield of three turfgrass species     

Esvet Acikgoz  Ugur Bilgili  Fikrettin Sahin  Karl Guillard 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(10):1404-1411

A two-year irrigated field study was conducted to determine the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Bacillus subtilis OSU-142 and Bacillus megaterium M3) as biofertilizer, and in combination with a chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer, on turf color and clipping yield, and interaction of biofertilizer and chemical N fertilizers in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. Schreb.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). The three turf species were tested separately in split-plot design experiments with three replications. Three fertilizer sources (ammonium nitrate only, ammonium nitrate + B. megaterium M3, and ammonium nitrate + B. subtilis OSU-142) were the main plots. N applications with monthly applications of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g N/m² were the subplots. Color ratings and clipping yields increased with increasing chemical N fertilizers in all species. Both Bacillus sp. significantly increased color ratings and clipping yields in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. However, there were no significant differences among the three fertilizer sources in color and clipping yield of Kentucky bluegrass. The experiments showed that there is a small but significant benefit from applying biofertilizers for turf color, and that N fertilization may be reduced in some turf species when biofertilization are made for this purpose.  相似文献   

Changes in micro-fabric and re-distribution of Fe and Mn with nodule formation in a floodplain soil     

Péter Sipos  Réka Balázs  Gábor Bozsó  Tibor Németh 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(8):2105-2117

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Wheat response to N2 fixed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as affected by sulfur fertilization and rhizobial inoculation in semi‐arid Northern Ethiopia     

Kiros Habtegebrial Habtemichial  Bal Ram Singh  Jens Bernt Aune 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(3):412-418

Nitrogen fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Mesay) as affected by sulfur (S) fertilization (30 kg S ha^–1) and inoculation under the semi‐arid conditions of Ethiopia was studied using the ¹⁵N‐isotope dilution method. The effect of faba bean–fixed nitrogen (N) on yield of the subsequent wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) was also assessed. Sulfur fertilization and inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) affected nodulation at late flowering stage for both 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons. The nodule number and nodule fresh weighs were increased by 53% and 95%, relative to the control. Similarly, both treatments (S fertilization and inoculants) significantly improved biomass and grain yield of faba bean on average by 2.2 and 1.2 Mg ha^–1. This corresponds to 37% and 50% increases, respectively, relative to the control. Total N and S uptake of grains was significantly higher by 59.6 and 3.3 kg ha^–1, which are 76% and 66% increases, respectively. Sulfur and inoculation enhanced the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere in the whole plant of faba bean from 51% to 73%. This corresponds to N₂ fixation varying from 49 to 147 kg N ha^–1. The percentage of N derived from fertilizer (%Ndff) and soil (%Ndfs) of faba bean varied from 4.3% to 2.8 %, and from 45.1% to 24.0%, corresponding to the average values of 5.1 and 47.9 kg N ha^–1. Similarly, the %Ndff and %Ndfs of the reference crop, barley, varied from 8.5 % to 10.8% and from 91.5% to 89.2%, with average N yields of 9.2 and 84.3 kg N ha^–1. Soil N balance after faba bean ranged from 13 to 52 kg N ha^–1. Beneficial effects of faba bean on yield of a wheat crop grown after faba bean were highly significant, increasing the average grain and N yields of this crop by 1.11 Mg ha^–1 and 30 kg ha^–1, relative to the yield of wheat grown after the reference crop, barley. Thus, it can be concluded that faba bean can be grown as an alternative crop to fallow, benefiting farmers economically and increasing the soil fertility.  相似文献   

Sulfate content and adsorption in soils of two forest watersheds in Southern Norway     

Bal Ram Singh  Dale W. Johnson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,31(3-4):847-856

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the sulfate content and sulfate adsorption properties of soils from two watersheds in Southern Norway, which show no net sulfate retention in the field (input — output). Soils from both watersheds had generally high soluble sulfate contents, especially in surface horizons and in marsh soils. With one notable exception — an Fe podzol at Birkenes —adsorbed insoluble sulfate contents were low or negligible, even in cases in which free Fe oxides were fairly high. Aluminium oxide in the Fe podzol at Birkenes seemed to lend it considerable ability to adsorb sulfate. With a few exceptions - Fe-humus podzol (B-2) and Fe podzol (B-3) at Birkenes — there were minor changes in water soluble or adsorbed sulfate contents of the soils collected in early automn or in spring (after snow melt).Only one of the soils from Storgama (an Fe-humus podzol subsoil) and two of the soils from Birkenes (subsoils from an Fe-humus podzol and an Fe podzol) adsorbed additional sulfate with CaS04 treatments. Most soils from these watersheds have limited ability to retain sulfate, a result which is consistent with the sulfate budgets at these sites. However, the real extent of the sulfate-adsorbing soils at both sites will strongly affect the rapidity with which watershed sulfate output responds to changes in atmospheric sulfate loading at these sites.  相似文献   

Quantification of transgene expression in maize (Zea mays L.) throughout the vegetation period     

A. Bakó  G. Gell  E. Balázs 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(1):41-45

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Phyllospheric microbial populations of ragweed (Ambrosia Elatior L.) plant grown in toxic metal-contaminated areas     

Márta Dobroné Tóth  Judit L. Halász  Sándor Balázsy 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):217-231

During growing and flowering seasons for five years, comparisons were made between upper and lower leaf surfaces microflora of ragweed plants grown in three areas: a relatively non-contaminated site, a communal landfill, and a complex contaminated with heavy metals. Results indicated that phyllospheric microbial communities were qualitatively and quantitatively related to metal content in plant leaf, leaf surfaces and metal contaminated ecosystems where the plants grown. Results showed that there was a high positive correlation between phyllospheric microbial population densities and Cd, Ni, and Zn content in ragweed leaves, while it was low in presence of Cu. Comparatively, the correlation was at its highest in the case of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population densities and more than yeasts and filamentous fungi communities. The most common diversities of metal resistant microorganisms were related to Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas savastanoi, P. putida, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium striatum, Cryptococcus and Alternaria.  相似文献   

The effect of domestication on a brown trout (Salmo trutta m fario) broodstock in Hungary     

Ákos Horváth  György Hoitsy  Balázs Kovács  Dóra Kánainé Sipos  Ágnes Ősz  Klavdija Bogataj  Béla Urbányi 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):5-11

Molecular markers (PCR–RFLP and microsatellite) were used to investigate the genetic background of the only brown trout (Salmo trutta m fario) broodstock in Hungary which due to the hydrogeography of the country should theoretically belong to the Danubian lineage. PCR–RFLP (mitochondrial DNA control region and lactate dehydrogenase and somatolactin genes) as well as microsatellite (BFRO002, OMM1064, Ssa408uos, SsoSL417, SsoSL438) markers were used to distinguish between Danubian and Atlantic lineages of brown trout in the Lillafüred broodstock. Altogether 435 fish were tagged during the experimental period. Due to mortalities, fin clips were collected from 401 individuals. According to the genetic analysis of the mitochondrial DNA, the Danubian haplotype is present in only one individual (0.2 %) of the broodstock. Analysis of the nuclear markers revealed that alleles characteristic of both the Atlantic and the Danubian lineages are found in the population. However, Atlantic alleles dominate throughout the broodstock which is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium according to the investigated markers. Results indicate that the original broodstock that was introduced to the farm following its construction in 1933 was of the Atlantic lineage. Although later fish from a local stream were collected and added to the broodstock, the number of these was limited and they were almost exclusively males. Fish from this farm that are stocked by anglers can have a significant genetic impact on trout populations of natural streams.  相似文献   

基于进化遗传优化的自适应神经模糊推理新系统与地理信息系统的非洲山地土壤有机碳储量估算和绘图     

Kennedy O. WERE  Dieu TIEN BUI  &#;ystein Bjarne DICK  Bal Ram SINGH 《土壤圈》2017,27(5):877-889

Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool has the potential to mitigate or enhance climate change by either acting as a sink,or a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and also plays a fundamental role in the health and proper functioning of soils to sustain life on Earth.As such,the objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of a novel evolutionary genetic optimization-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS-EG) in predicting and mapping the spatial patterns of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve,Kenya.Field measurements and auxiliary data reflecting the soil-forming factors were used to design an ANFIS-EG model,which was then implemented to predict and map the areal differentiation of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve.This was achieved with a reasonable level of uncertainty (i.e.,root mean square error of 15.07 Mg C ha-1),hence demonstrating the applicability of the ANFIS-EG in SOC mapping studies.There is potential for improving the model performance,as indicated by the current ratio of performance to deviation (1.6).The mnapping also revealed marginally higher SOC stocks in the forested ecosystems (i.e.,an average of 109.78 Mg C ha-1) than in the agro-ecosystems (i.e.,an average of 95.9 Mg C ha-1).  相似文献   

In vitro toxicology test system based on common carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>) sperm analysis     

Tímea Kollár  Eszter Kása  Balázs Csorbai  Béla Urbányi  Zsolt Csenki-Bakos  Ákos Horváth 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1577-1589

The effect of heavy metals on the motility parameters of common carp sperm was investigated. In vitro test systems are widespread in ecotoxicology, and fish sperm can be a suitable model. For this reason, studies had been carried out in this topic; however, the published methods are not standard in several aspects (donor species, measured endpoint, etc.). In this study, a previously published toxicology-aimed sperm analysis protocol was tested to examine the effect of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, zinc,) on common carp sperm. According to our results, PMOT is the most sensitive of the investigated parameters: dose-response was observed in case of each metal at low concentrations, already after 30 min of exposure. VCL was less sensitive: lower effects were observed at the same concentrations compared to PMOT. Among the examined parameters, LIN was the least affected: a dose-response was observed only in case of arsenic and mercury. The same sensitivity of motility parameters was observed on zebrafish sperm previously. Moreover, we found that PMOT, VCL, and LIN of common carp sperm were affected at the same concentrations as it had been observed in zebrafish, when the identical analytical protocol was applied. The only exception was As³⁺, where common carp sperm proved to be more sensitive: lower concentrations already reduced its motility parameters. Consequently, PMOT of common carp sperm is an accurate and fast bioindicator of aquatic pollution.  相似文献