Aluminum inhibits growth and stability of cortical microtubules in wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots     

Masao Sasaki  Yoko Yamamoto  Hideaki Matsumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):469-472

Aluminum (Al) occurs abundantly in soil and solubilized aluminum ions in acid soil inhibit plant growth, in particular, root growth. Although several toxic effects of Al on plant growth have been reported, the mechanism of Al toxicity remains to be clarified.  相似文献   

Effect of presowing seed treatments on germination and early seedling growth of wheat varieties under saline conditions     

Maqsood Ahmed Kamboh  Yoko Oki  Adachi Tadashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):249-255

The effect of presowing wheat seed treatments was investigated for the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver and relatively salt-tolerant variety PARI-73 at the germination and early seedling stages. Seeds were treated with distilled water (DW) or 10/50 mm KCl, KNO₃ , CaCl₂, Ca(NO₃)₂ and then germinated in DW or 200 mm NaCl. Treatment with calcium (Ca) or potassium (K) did not lead to a significantly higher rate for final germination than the DW treatment. Ca salt treatments significantly improved shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage in both varieties, especially in the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver. There were significant differences in the Ca content of seeds after various presowing treatments. There were also significant differences between both varieties in the ion contents after seed treatment. However, these differences appeared to be related to the improvement of shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage and not to the effectiveness of pres owing seed treatments in increasing germination.  相似文献   

Effect of boiled barley-rice-feeding in hypercholesterolemic and normolipemic subjects     

Sachie Ikegami  Masako Tomita  Setsuko Honda  Momoko Yamaguchi  Reiko Mizukawa  Yoko Suzuki  Keiko Ishii  Saeko Ohsawa  Nanako Kiyooka  Mitsuru Higuchi  Shuhei Kobayashi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(4):317-328

Barley contains approximately 10% dietary fiber and is easily cooked with rice, the dominant cereal in Japan, to increase the intake of dietary fiber. This research involved three experiments to examine the influence of barley on blood lipids in human subjects. All subjects received a boiled barley-rice (50/50 w/w mix) supplement two times per day in place of rice for 2 or 4 weeks. In the normolipemic subjects, serum lipids were unaffected by the ingestion of barley for 4 weeks. In twenty hypercholesterolemic men aged 41 ± 5 years, the ingestion of barley was associated with a significant fall in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and LDL and VLDL-lipoproteins. In seven mildly hypercholesterolemic women aged 56±7 years, a significant improvement of serum lipid profiles was observed. The present study suggests the possibility that the ingestion of barley-rice could lower serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.  相似文献   

Clonal variation of carbon content in wood of Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eitaro Fukatsu  Yoko Fukuda  Makoto Takahashi  Ryogo Nakada 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(3):247-251

Variations in carbon content in wood among 102 clones, selected from almost the entire natural distribution area, were investigated in Larix kaempferi. The average carbon content was 50.50%, 50.94%, and 50.80% in sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood, respectively. The difference in carbon content between clones was significant. The clonal repeatabilities were 0.46, 0.38, and 0.44 in heartwood, sapwood and whole wood, respectively. The coefficients of variation in the clonal mean carbon content were only 0.43%, 0.42%, and 0.41% in heartwood, sapwood, and whole wood, respectively. This small genetic variation and resulting small relative genetic gain of carbon content indicate that the genetic improvement of carbon content by selection has a small effect on the genetic improvement of carbon sequestration capacity by selection in L. kaempferi.  相似文献   

Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil     

Kasuya M  Olivier AR  Ota Y  Tojo M  Honjo H  Fukui R 《Phytopathology》2006,96(12):1372-1379

ABSTRACT Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppressed in the soils amended with residues of clover, peanut, and B. rapa subsp. rapifera 'Saori', but only the volatile substance produced from water-imbibed residue of cv. Saori exhibited a distinct inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of R. solani. Nonetheless, disease suppression in such residue-amended soils was diminished or nullified when antibacterial antibiotics were applied to the soils, suggesting that proliferation of antagonistic bacteria resident to the soils were responsible for disease suppression. When the seed (pericarps) colonized by R. solani in the infested soil without residues were replanted into the soils amended with such residues, damping-off was suppressed in all cases. In contrast, when seed that had been colonized by microorganisms in the soils containing the residues were replanted into the infested soil, damping-off was not suppressed. The evidence indicates that the laimosphere, but not the spermosphere, is the site for the antagonistic microbial interaction, which is the chief principle of soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia damping-off.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the dynamics of vegetation in the landscapes of shimokamagari Island,southwestern Japan     

Nobukazu Nakagoshi  Yoko Ohta 《Landscape Ecology》1992,7(2):111-119

On Shimokamagari, an island of the Seto Island Sea, patterns of vegetation in the landscape were studied using vegetation maps. Relationships between social and economic changes, site conditions and the vegetation were examined from a historical perspective. In the process of economic development, mandarin orange production became important on this island. However, over-production, a reduction in the price of mandarin oranges and low-temperature damage to orange trees caused large citrus orchards to be abandoned. A plant community dominated by kudzu appeared in the abandoned orchards and the pine forests, as well. These changes in orchards were connected with the natural site conditions, such as soil, geology, inclination, elevation, direction of slope, and also with artificial conditions, such as density of working paths. Another factor causing change was the replacement of the organic fertilizer of litter from forests by chemical fertilizer since the 1960's. As a result, medium and small forests of pine became tall forests and tall forests of pine changed into tall oak forests. In the human-dominated areas, the major factors affecting the process of vegetation were economic activities, and after the abandonment of the farm-lands, forest succession were controlled by natural site conditions. This paper was presented at the World-Congress of Landscape Ecology in Ottawa, 1991 Titles are tentative translations for original titles in Japanese by the authors.  相似文献   

Antibody responses of swine to type A influenza viruses in the most recent several years.     

H Goto  M Takai  H Iguchi  W Benkele  C Ohta  Y Yamamoto  H Kida  S Noro  N Sakurada 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(2):235-241

A serological survey was conducted on 4,080 swine sera collected for the years 1985-90. The swine sera positive to A/New Jersey/8/76 (swine type H1N1) strain were observed in annual (10-20%) and monthly (20-40%) incidences during the observation period except for occasional months. Antibodies to recent human H1N1 viruses in swine were recognized in relation to the human H1N1 influenza epidemics. Antibody responses of swine to human H3N2 strains appeared irrespective of human epidemics with the virus in the years 1985-87. However, in 1988 almost no antibodies to three human H3N2 isolates of 1983-88 were observed for this year except a few months though the human epidemic occurred in the area. Although in 1989-90 many swine had antibodies to the three strains in the percentage of 3 to 35, no antibody to the latest isolate, A/Hokkaido/20/89 (H3N2), was found for almost all the months of both years. These findings differed markedly from the possible relationship between the prevalence of H3N2 virus-antibodies in swine and the human influenza epidemics, which were described previously in many reports including our studies.  相似文献   

Role of complement in the pathogenicity of fowlpox virus infection in chickens and chicken embryos   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

H Ohta  Y Yoshikawa  K Yamanouchi  Y Ishijima  K Komine  H Okada 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1988,50(1):145-152

  相似文献   

Exploration of factors determining milk production by Holstein cows raised on a dairy farm in a temperate climate area     

Kino  Erina  Kawakami  Rui  Minamino  Tomoya  Mikurino  Yoko  Horii  Yoichiro  Honkawa  Kazuyuki  Sasaki  Yosuke 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):529-536

In this study, we examined factors that affected milk production by cows raised in a temperate climate area. We conducted this study on a large dairy farm containing approximately 2000 Holstein cows, located in a temperate climate area. We collected 7803 calving records for 4069 cows from 2012 to 2016. We then assessed the effect of hot weather on milk yield by examining three climate factors: season, maximum temperature (MAX), and the temperature and humidity index (THI). We found that increases in heat stress caused linear decreases in milk yield (P?<?0.05). Additionally, the effects of the three climate factors on milk yield varied depending on cow parity and days open (P?<?0.05). Thus, management procedures should consider cow parity and lactating stage to minimize the negative effects of heat stress on milk production. We also found that the lowest Akaike information criterion value was obtained in our model when using THI for 305-day milk yield. This suggests that THI is a more accurate variable for evaluating heat stress than MAX or season.

  相似文献   

Quantitative real‐time PCR monitoring of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Lq80 to weaning piglets     

Shunsuke TAKAHASHI  Yoko YOSHIDA  Nobuo NAKANISHI  Takamitsu TSUKAHARA  Kazunari USHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(6):737-744

Levels of fecal or intestinal lactobacilli, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and the prevalence of clostridial alpha toxin gene and heat‐stable toxin (ST) gene of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were monitored in weaned piglets before (day 0) and during (days 7, 14, and 21) the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Lq80. Lactobacilli were enumerated in a culture‐dependent method. The remainders were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. In this quantitative real‐time PCR method, the detection limit was proved to be as low as 10³ cells/g feces or intestinal contents. Number of lactobacilli increased from day 0 to day 7 (P < 0.05), to day 14 (P < 0.05), and to day 21 (P = 0.07) in the Lq80‐administered group. L. plantarum contributed to as low as 10% of the lactobacillal population in the Lq80‐administered group. The number of E. coli and C. perfringens, and the prevalence of alpha toxin gene in feces or intestinal contents of the Lq80‐administered group decreased, at least in the first week of the postweaning period. Oral administration of L. plantarum strain Lq80 can stimulate the growth of indigenous lactobacilli and decrease ST‐producing ETEC and C. perfringens in the intestine of postweaning piglets.  相似文献