Introduction of genetic engineering in aquaculture: Ecological and ethical implications for science and governance     

Anne Ingeborg Myhr  Roy Ambli Dalmo 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):542-554

Within aquaculture, genetic engineering (GE) is emerging as a powerful method for breeding of fish and shellfish, and for developing alternative sources of feed and vaccines to combat diseases. On the other hand, the use of GE in aquaculture raises ecological, ethical and economic concerns. For instance, genetically modified (GM) feed could be spread to the aquatic environment and consumed by other marine organisms, and horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur from DNA in feed or vaccines to a recipient genome or by faeces to the environment. Numerous reports have described beneficial effects such as viral disease resistance following DNA vaccination. However, side effects, such as activation of other genes than those which are central in immune defence mechanisms, may occur and warrant further investigations. In order to achieve sustainable introduction of GE, it is crucial that appropriate scientific investigations and ethical considerations are done prior to large-scale introduction of GE products such as DNA/GE vaccines and GM feed in commercial fish farming. This may result in a solid basis for the avoidance of potentially undesirable health and environmental effects. If GE can help make aquaculture a sustainable industry, this opens the possibility of positive market and consumer responses. This can best be achieved by involving the stakeholders from the conceptual stage to the commercial stage by facilitating a transparent process whose purpose is to inform research, to identify decision stakes, and to influence design, adoption and implementation of pro-active policy.  相似文献   

On-farm evaluation of three different hatchery sources of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in on-levee tanks in low-salinity waters of west Alabama     

Luke A. Roy  David Teichert-Coddington  Sunni Dahl  Benjamin H. Beck  Craig A. Shoemaker  Gregory N. Whitis 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2020,32(3):193-204

ABSTRACT

Shrimp farmers in Alabama who produce the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, have recently reported abnormally low survival at harvest. Farmers have hypothesized that this phenomenon may be due to disease, toxic algae, shrimp source, or reduced shrimp robustness in later stages of production. To compare performance of shrimp from different sources, postlarvae were obtained from three different hatcheries and stocked on the same day in on-levee tank systems (TS) on two farms (Farm 1-TS; Farm 2-TS1; Farm 2-TS2). Following 104 days of culture on Farm 2-TS1 and Farm 2-TS2, there were no differences in survival (72.8%–91.2%) or final weight (19.8–24.6 g). At Farm 1-TS following 107 days of culture, there were differences in survival from shrimp sourced from one hatchery (40.5%) compared to the other two hatcheries (61.0%–69.8%). Results demonstrated acceptable growth performance and survival from all hatchery sources.  相似文献   

Assessment of phytochemical and genetic diversity analysis of Plumbago zeylanica L. accessions     

Roy  Arpita  Sharma  Neelam  Bharadvaja  Navneeta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):209-219

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Selection of elite accessions is important to get the maximum quantity of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. In this study, thirteen accessions...  相似文献   

Editorial     

Roy W. Simonson 《Geoderma》1979,22(4):271-273

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Evaluation of microbial culture techniques for the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from equine tissues.     

Amy M Grooters  Amy Whittington  Mae K Lopez  Michelle N Boroughs  Alma F Roy 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(4):288-294

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sample handling, storage, and culture techniques on the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from infected equine tissues. Tissue and kunker samples obtained immediately posteuthanasia from a horse with subcutaneous pythiosis were used to assess the effects of sample type (kunkers vs. tissues), media type (selective vs. nonselective), storage technique, and storage time on P. insidiosum isolation rate. Overall, isolation rates were higher from fresh kunkers (94.6%) and stored kunkers (76.4%) than from fresh tissues (8.3%) or stored tissues (4.6%). Isolation of P. insidiosum also occurred more often on antibiotic-containing media than on nonselective media for both fresh and stored samples. For samples that were stored for 1-3 days prior to culture, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for the following techniques: kunkers stored at room temperature and plated on selective media (100%), kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (91.7%) or selective (95.8%) media, kunkers stored on cold packs and then plated on either nonselective (93.8%) or selective (100%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and plated on selective media (100%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). For samples stored for 4-5 days, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (81.3%) or selective (87.5%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and then plated on selective media (87.5%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). Results of this study suggest that optimal isolation rates of P. insidiosum from infected equine tissues are achieved by culturing fresh kunkers on selective media. For samples that cannot be processed immediately, acceptable handling techniques include storage at room temperature for up to 3 days, refrigeration for up to 5 days, shipping on cold packs, and storage in antibiotic solution, each combined with subsequent inoculation on selective media.  相似文献   

Does Biochar Improve Establishment of Tree Seedlings in Saline Sodic Soils?     

Jessica A. Drake  Timothy R. Cavagnaro  Shaun C. Cunningham  W. Roy Jackson  Antonio F. Patti 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(1):52-59

Reforestation of saline sodic soil is increasingly undertaken as a means of reclaiming otherwise unproductive agricultural land. Currently, restoration of degraded land is limited to species with high tolerances of salinity. Biochar application has the potential to improve physical, biological and chemical properties of these soils to allow establishment of a wider range of plants. In a glasshouse trial, we applied biochar made from Acacia pycnantha (5 Mg ha⁻¹) or no biochar to either a low (EC_e 4·75 dS m⁻¹, ESP 6·9), a moderate (EC_e 27·6 dS m⁻¹, ESP 29·3) or a high (EC_e 49·4 dS m⁻¹, ESP 45·1) saline sodic soil. The regional common reforestation species Eucalyptus viminalis and Acacia mearnsii were planted as tubestock in to the soils. Early establishment indicators, including growth, plant condition and nutrition, were assessed at the end of a simulated growing season, 108 days after biochar application. Application of biochar increased height, and decreased root : shoot and the concentration of Mn, N and S in plants of E. viminalis when grown in the highly saline sodic soil. Biochar application increased the concentration of B in leaves of E. viminalis and increased the concentration of P, K and S in leaves of A. mearnsii when grown in the low saline sodic soil. The results confirm that there is potential for biochar to assist in reforestation of saline sodic soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seed Size Variation and its Effects on Germination and Seedling Vigour in Rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. K. S. Roy    A. Hamid    M. Giashuddin  Miah A. Hashem 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(2):79-82

The extent of seed size variations within a rice variety and its effect on germination and seedling vigour were investigated. Seed size was determined by weighing individual grains of randomly selected one hundred panicles. Grains were sorted into four size classes: 11–15, 16–20, 21–25 and 25–30 mg. There was nearly a three-fold variation between the smallest and the largest seeds, which ranged from 11 to 30 mg. Germination rate and seedling vigour index values increased with the increase of seed size suggesting the selection of larger seeds for good stand establishment.  相似文献   

Inheritance of slow rusting to stem rust in wheat     

B. Skovmand  Roy D. Wilcoxson  B. L. Shearer  R. E. Stucker 《Euphytica》1978,27(1):95-107

Summary The inheritance of the slow rusting character was studied on F₅ progenies from seven spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The cultivars and their progenies were evaluated for slow rusting in 1974 and 1975 in epidemics of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, races 15 and 151, and traces of other races. Slow rusting varied significantly among the parents and among the F₅ progeny of each cross. Transgressive segregation occurred in each cross, i.e. some progeny rusted more slowly than the parents and some faster. In crosses with both Idaed 59 and Kenya 58 the progeny distributions were skewed towards slow rust development but the distributions in the other crosses were normal. The genetic control of slow rusting was predominantly additive, and narrow sense heritability was approximately 80 percent. The number of segregating genes having an effect on slow rusting was estimated to be 2 to 12 pairs depending on the cross. Correlation between slow rusting and maturity was usually negative but in most crosses the relationship was small.Contribution No. 9624 from the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.  相似文献   

A selection procedure in wheat for stress environment     

N. N. Roy  B. R. Murty 《Euphytica》1970,19(4):509-521

Summary A simple and effective selection procedure for identifying lines with wide adaptation and ability to do well under drought is outlined, supported with experimental data involving diverse and high yielding populations of bread wheat.The effect of selections for local adaptation to stress environment is found to be inferior as compared to selection for developmental traits in a favourable environment. Data on selection for developmental traits have shown favourable correlated associations with more precision in the estimate of components of genetic variation and heritability and larger magnitude of response to selection as compared to selection for yield components in stress environment.The developmental characters such as early vigour and synchronous tillering, days to heading and ear length which show stability over different environments are found to be important components of wide adaptation and productivity under moisture-stress.Presented at the Symposium on Planning for the Drought of the National Institute of Sciences, held in New Delhi, India, 4–6 May, 1969.  相似文献   

Genetic enhancement of Dubraj,a specialty rice through pedigree approach employing marker based selection for plant stature,aroma and grain quality     

A. Patnaik  P. S. Roy  G. J. N. Rao  S. S. C. Patnaik  S. G. Sharma 《Euphytica》2015,205(3):659-669

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