Trends of Air Pollution and Its Present Situation in Hiroshima Prefecture     

Prabal K. Roy  Hiroshi Sakugawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1805-1810

The ambient concentration of SO₂, NOx and O_x in the atmosphere of Hiroshima, Fukuyama and Fuchu city which were monitored by the prefectural monitoring stations, are examined to give a picture of the typical air pollution at these sites. Results show that the yearly concentrations of SO₂ in these areas are significantly fall from 20 to 6 ppb during 1978–1996 when the NOx concentrations having no such significant change which varies from 40 to 30 ppb. The Photo-chemical Oxidant (Ox) increases annually at the rate of 0.3 ppb to 0.6 ppb in Hiroshima city only. To know the present situation of air pollution the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) system is used in the city of Higashi Hiroshima. The daily average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and HONO measured during the period of August 1999 to March 2000 ranged from 1.4 ppb to 2.8 ppb, 13 ppb to 26.9 ppb, 21 ppb to 53.6 ppb and 1 ppb to 4.3 ppb respectively. The patterns of concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ measured by DOAS look similar to the seasonal patterns of NOx and Ox by the conventional system.  相似文献   

High-speed imaging reveals neurophysiological links to behavior in an animal model of depression     

Airan RD  Meltzer LA  Roy M  Gong Y  Chen H  Deisseroth K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5839):819-823

The hippocampus is one of several brain areas thought to play a central role in affective behaviors, but the underlying local network dynamics are not understood. We used quantitative voltage-sensitive dye imaging to probe hippocampal dynamics with millisecond resolution in brain slices after bidirectional modulation of affective state in rat models of depression. We found that a simple measure of real-time activity-stimulus-evoked percolation of activity through the dentate gyrus relative to the hippocampal output subfield-accounted for induced changes in animal behavior independent of the underlying mechanism of action of the treatments. Our results define a circuit-level neurophysiological endophenotype for affective behavior and suggest an approach to understanding circuit-level substrates underlying psychiatric disease symptoms.  相似文献   

The SSC and a Balanced Budget     

Roy R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4755):1183-1184

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Determination of the equation of state of dense matter     

Danielewicz P  Lacey R  Lynch WG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5598):1592-1596

Nuclear collisions can compress nuclear matter to densities achieved within neutron stars and within core-collapse supernovae. These dense states of matter exist momentarily before expanding. We analyzed the flow of matter to extract pressures in excess of 10(34) pascals, the highest recorded under laboratory-controlled conditions. Using these analyses, we rule out strongly repulsive nuclear equations of state from relativistic mean field theory and weakly repulsive equations of state with phase transitions at densities less than three times that of stable nuclei, but not equations of state softened at higher densities because of a transformation to quark matter.  相似文献   

Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

P S Spencer  P B Nunn  J Hugon  A C Ludolph  S M Ross  D N Roy  R C Robertson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4814):517-522

The decline in the high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer-type dementia among the Chamorro population of the western Pacific islands of Guam and Rota, coupled with the absence of demonstrable viral and hereditable factors in this disease, suggests the gradual disappearance of an environmental factor selectively associated with this culture. One candidate is seed of the neurotoxic plant Cycas circinalis L., a traditional source of food and medicine which has been used less with the Americanization of the Chamorro people after World War II. Macaques were fed the Cycas amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a low-potency convulsant that has excitotoxic activity in mouse brain, which is attenuated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. These animals developed corticomoto-neuronal dysfunction, parkinsonian features, and behavioral anomalies, with chromatolytic and degenerative changes of motor neurons in cerebral cortex and spinal cord. In concert with existing epidemiological and animal data, these findings support the hypothesis that cycad exposure plays an important role in the etiology of the Guam disease.  相似文献   

University-industry interaction     

Cody GD  Compton WD  Roy R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,181(4102):800

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Internally generated reactivation of single neurons in human hippocampus during free recall     

Gelbard-Sagiv H  Mukamel R  Harel M  Malach R  Fried I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5898):96-101

The emergence of memory, a trace of things past, into human consciousness is one of the greatest mysteries of the human mind. Whereas the neuronal basis of recognition memory can be probed experimentally in human and nonhuman primates, the study of free recall requires that the mind declare the occurrence of a recalled memory (an event intrinsic to the organism and invisible to an observer). Here, we report the activity of single neurons in the human hippocampus and surrounding areas when subjects first view cinematic episodes consisting of audiovisual sequences and again later when they freely recall these episodes. A subset of these neurons exhibited selective firing, which often persisted throughout and following specific episodes for as long as 12 seconds. Verbal reports of memories of these specific episodes at the time of free recall were preceded by selective reactivation of the same hippocampal and entorhinal cortex neurons. We suggest that this reactivation is an internally generated neuronal correlate for the subjective experience of spontaneous emergence of human recollection.  相似文献   

Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D Pickar  R Labarca  M Linnoila  A Roy  D Hommer  D Everett  S M Paul 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4665):954-957

Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.  相似文献   

Developmentally regulated activation of a SINE B2 repeat as a domain boundary in organogenesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lunyak VV  Prefontaine GG  Núñez E  Cramer T  Ju BG  Ohgi KA  Hutt K  Roy R  García-Díaz A  Zhu X  Yung Y  Montoliu L  Glass CK  Rosenfeld MG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):248-251

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What constitutes a proper description?     

Timm RM  Ramey RR;Nomenclature Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5744):2163-6; author reply 2163-6

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