Vitamin C deficiency in the catfish Clarias gariepinus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Adham  Hashem  Abu-Shabana  & Kamel 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2000,6(2):129-139

Regardless of the absence of spinal deformities, vitamin C deprivation in adult-sized Clarias gariepinus challenged the physical integrity and survival of fish, inducing changes that greatly resembled those of fingerlings of other species. Vitamin C was presumed to be a dietary facilitator, which when deprived in the diet of C. gariepinus , would obstruct intestinal absorption of iron and/or impair its release from the reticulo-endothelial stores. This impaired erythrocyte synthesis led into anaemia (as indicated by lowered levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit). Leukopenia noted in fish on a scorbutic (lacking vitamin C) diet suggested functional depression of phagocytic engulfment with increased susceptibility to the deteriorating action of pathogenic agents. Changes in histology included hypertrophy, oedematous separation and telangiectasia of gill lamellae. Shrunken glomeruli, sloughed Bowman's capsules and tubular dilation and distortion were also shown. Shrunken hepatocytes and the occurrence of yellowish ceroid pigments were the concrete histopathological signs in liver. Vitamin C is thus suggested as a potent antioxidant that offers protection against oxidative damage to various fish tissues.  相似文献   

Host specificity and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium strains nodulating Leucaena, Acacia, and Sesbania in Egypt     

D. M. Swelim  F. M. Hashem  L. D. Kuykendall  N. I. Hegazi  S. M. Abdel-Wahab 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(3):224-232

Phenotypic diversity was studied among 13 Rhizobium strains selected from a total of 160 Rhizobium isolates from root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala. Two strains from Acacia saligna and two strains from Sesbania sesban plants were included in the examination for host range in the greenhouse. The Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains were different from the reference strains and fell into three distinct groups for the utilization of 95 different carbon sources. Four of the best symbionts constituted a group, the majority of the strains fell into a second group, and strain DS 91 was the only member of the third group. Strains were effective symbionts for their original hosts. Nine strains were tolerant to elevated temperature (>42°C), and three strains were resistant to high salinity (>3% NaCl). All Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains effectively nodulated L. leucocephala and L. culensii, but nitrogen fixation was greater with L. leucocephala than with L. culensii. These strains failed to form effective symbioses with two other species of Leucaena (L. retusa and L. divursiflora) or with alfalfa, Medicago sativa. Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains DS 65, DS 78, and DS 158 nodulated and efficiently fixed nitrogen with Phaseolus vulgaris, with DS 65 showing the highest symbiotic capability. Strain DS 65 also nodulated and fixed nitrogen with Glycine max and Vigna sinensis. Nodulation of Leucaena by two Bradyrhizobium sp. (Acacia) strains was sparse. Strain DS 101 from Sesbania formed nodules on Leucaena, whereas the other strain from Sesbania, DS 110, failed to nodulate this genus. Received: 30 September 1996  相似文献   

Retraction notice to “Comparative biochemical studies on steroidogenic compounds in chickens” [Res. Vet. Sci. 89 (2), 168–173]     

Mohamed O.T. Badr  Mohamed A. Hashem  Nissreen N. Gado 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):498

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Reducing Potential Leaching of Phosphorus, Heavy Metals, and Fecal Coliform From Animal Wastes Using Bauxite Residues     

Jim J. Wang  Hailin Zhang  Jackie L. Schroder  Theophilus K. Udeigwe  Zengqiang Zhang  Syam K. Dodla  M. Hashem Stietiya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):241-252

Long-term applications of animal manures to agricultural fields have caused serious environmental concerns over release of excessive nutrients, heavy metals, and fecal coliforms into waterbodies. An alternative is to control nutrient bioavailability of animal manures before their land application. In this study, two types of bauxite residues (red mud and brown mud) were evaluated for their potential use in reducing leachability of phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) as well as fecal coliform and NH₃ release from animal manures. Poultry litter and cattle manures collected from production farms were mixed with bauxite residues at mixing rates of 11%, 22%, and 50%. Bauxite residues were effective in suppressing the leaching of water-soluble P, As, Cu, and Zn from animal manures. At 22% mixing rate, brown mud reduced water-extractable P by 40% and 70% from chicken litter and cattle manure, whereas red mud reduced water-extractable P by 27% and 55%, respectively, in five successive extractions. Amending manures with bauxite residues also decreased populations of fecal coliform. Bauxite residues did not increase NH₃ release despite its relatively high pH. The results suggest that bauxite residues could be used as a potential amendment for reducing P and other contaminant leaching in animal manures and improve the application of both wastes for beneficial use.  相似文献   

Apigenin-induced suicidal erythrocyte death     

Zbidah M  Lupescu A  Jilani K  Fajol A  Michael D  Qadri SM  Lang F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(1):533-538

Apigenin, a flavone in fruits and vegetables, stimulates apoptosis and thus counteracts cancerogenesis. Erythrocytes may similarly undergo suicidal cell death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)](i)), ceramide formation and ATP depletion. The present study explored the effect of apigenin on eryptosis. [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, ceramide utilizing antibodies, and cytosolic ATP with luciferin-luciferase. A 48 h exposure to apigenin significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i) (≥ 1 μM), increased ceramide formation (15 μM), decreased ATP concentration (15 μM), decreased forward scatter (≥ 1 μM), and increased annexin V binding (≥ 5 μM) but did not significantly modify hemolysis. The effect of 15 μM apigenin on annexin V binding was blunted by Ca(2+) removal. The present observations reveal novel effects of apigenin, i.e. stimulation of Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation and ATP depletion in erythrocytes with subsequent triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death, paralleled by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure.  相似文献   

Alleviation of salt stress in Triticum aestivum by biopriming with Phanerochaete chrysosporium     

Dief  Hanan El-Sayed  Hashem  El-Sayed A.  Fawzan  Salwa  El-Sayed  Ashraf S. A. 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(1):103-116

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Wheat is one of the most important cereals, vital basic crop in Egypt, covering approximately 32.6% of the total winter land. However, sensitivity to...  相似文献   

Performance of mono‐sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in rice field with different ditch size          下载免费PDF全文

Md. Akhtar Hossain  Md. Anisur Rahman Mridha  Abul Kalam Md. Azad Shah  Md. Nahiduzzaman  Md. Sharif Uddin 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(8):1891-1901

The effects of ditch size on growth and production of mono‐sex tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in rain fed concurrent rice–fish system were technically and economically evaluated for a period of 4 months. Three different ditch sizes were tried: 5%, 10% and 15% of the total cultivable rice field. The fish fingerlings stocking density (5000 ha^?1) and management practices were similar in all plots. The water temperature, dissolve oxygen, pH, Secchi disc visibility, ortho‐phosphate, ammonia nitrogen and alkalinity were found to be in the range of 31.5–31.9°C, 5.10–5.27 mg L^?1, 7.56–7.62, 34.81–35.41 cm, 0.88–0.96 mg L^?1, 0.014–0.021 mg L^?1 and 66.23–69.76 mg L^?1, respectively, and all the values were found suitable for tilapia fish farming. Sediment organic matter, available nitrogen and phosphorous were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all plots after cultivating the fish. Larger ditch size (15% of the total land area) resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher specific growth rate, survival and fish production compared with the smaller (5%) and medium (10%) ditch sizes. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher net income and benefit–cost ratio were obtained in medium ditch size with the values of 2.6% and 3.6% higher than the smaller and larger ditch sizes respectively. It is concluded that rice–fish farming in a rain fed ecosystem of Bangladesh with medium ditch size and stocking density of 5000 ha^?1 mono‐sex tilapia can achieve better economic return.  相似文献   

Salt effect on the pH profile and kinetic parameters of microbial phytases     

Ullah AH  Sethumadhavan K  Mullaney EJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3398-3402

The pH profiles of two microbial phytases were determined using four different general purpose buffers at different pH values. The roles of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium fluoride on activity were compared in these buffers. For Aspergillus niger phytase, calcium extended the pH range to 8.0. A high concentration of sodium chloride affected the activity of fungal phytase in the pH 3-4 range and shifted the pH optimum to 2.0 from 5.5 in Escherichia coli phytase. As expected, both of the microbial phytases were inhibited by sodium fluoride at acidic pH values. Because the Km for phytate increased nearly 2-fold for fungal phytase while Vmax increased about 75% in a high concentration of sodium chloride, it is possible that salt enhanced the product to dissociate from the active site due to an altered electrostatic environment. Modeling studies indicate that while the active site octapeptide's orientation is very similar, there are some differences in the arrangements of alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and coils that could account for the observed catalytic and salt effect differences.  相似文献   

Chemical content and seasonal variation of throughfall and litterflow under individual trees in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran     

Hashem Habashi  Elham Shabani  Tom Pypker  Ramin Rahmani 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(2):183-197

We assessed the effect of seasons and the tree species velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss), Hainbuche hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castanefolia C. A. Mey.; Fagaceae) on nutrient fluxes (Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺) in throughfall (TF) and litter flow (LF) from January 2012 to February 2013. Potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) in total TF and LF over the measurement period significantly differed between 3 the species (p < 0.05). Maple and oak trees had significantly higher fluxes of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ in their TF, respectively. The average quantity of nutrients in LF was significantly higher in the leafy season than in the leafless season for all cations except for Na⁺. Under velvet maple trees, the average flux of nutrients (Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺) in TF was significantly higher than LF. Lastly, leaching of potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) in LF during the measurement period was significantly lower than TF under the hornbeam trees. Our results suggest that different tree species may impact the nutrient availability and possibly the sustainability of Hyrcanian forests. Further research is needed to determine how managing different species will affect the long-term nutrient status of these forests.  相似文献   

Effect of various levels of dietary <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> seed meal on rabbits infested by the adult ticks of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyalomma marginatum marginatum</Emphasis> I. Animal performance,anti-tick feeding and haemogram     

Sobhy Abdel-Shafy  Soad M. Nasr  Hashem H. Abdel-Rahman  Salwa M. Habeeb 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):347-357

The goal of this study was to investigate the use of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) in different levels as acaricide in diet of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum then determining animal performance, anti-tick feeding and its effects on haemogram of rabbits. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was kept as a control fed soya bean meal (20%) as a source of protein. Groups from the second to the fifth fed diets contained 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of JCSM instead of soya bean meal as a source of protein, respectively. Feeding and watering were given freely throughout the study. Animal performance for treatment groups were recorded from the 1st week up to the 6th week. Then each group divided into two subgroups, and the ticks were introduced to all of one subgroup and the other kept as control, following them until dropped at the end of the 8th week for all groups of the experiment. Feeding and reproductive performance of the adult tick females were determined. Blood samples were collected and analysed for haematological examination at the 0, 6th and 8th weeks post-treatment from all animals. Result revealed that rabbits received diets containing 5%, 7.5% and 10% had significantly (P < 0.05) lower growth performance than control and 2.5% JCSM groups. Feed intake and body weight gain decreased with increasing the level of JCSM in the diet. The result of anti-tick feeding observed that the highest percentage (60–90%) of rejection was recorded in 10% of JCSM group then the other treated groups (20–30%). Egg mass and reproductive index per female were marked increase (P < 0.001) in groups 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of JCSM. Macrocytic normochromic anaemia was development after 8 weeks of treatment, which changed to microcytic normochromic anaemia after challenge of ticks in groups received 5%, 7.5% and 10% JCSM. Leukopenia, neutopenia and lymphopenia were noticed (P < 0.05) in all treated groups which more drop in the group received 7.5% JCSM. Also, monocytosis was recorded in 7.5% and 10% JCSM groups. In conclusion, JCSM could be use in the treatment of ectoparasites at level less than 10% in diet. Further investigations should be done to detoxification the Jatropha seed meal to decrease the level of its toxicity.  相似文献