LC-MS/MS quantification of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in human plasma and urine after dietary intake of selenium-fortified broccoli     

Hauder J  Winkler S  Bub A  Rüfer CE  Pignitter M  Somoza V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8047-8057

This study aimed at developing a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulforaphane (SFN) and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in plasma and urine after dietary intake of regular and selenium-fertilized broccoli using stable isotope dilution analysis. In a three-armed, placebo-controlled, randomized human intervention study with 76 healthy volunteers, 200 g of regular (485 μg of total glucosinolates and <0.01 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) or selenium-fertilized broccoli (589 μg of total glucosinolates and 0.25 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) was administered daily for 4 weeks. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin metabolites quantified in plasma and urine were SFN-glutathione, SFN-cysteine, SFN-cysteinylglycine, SFN-acetylcysteine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid, and ascorbigen, respectively. Dietary intake of selenium-fertilized broccoli increased serum selenium concentration analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy by up to 25% (p < 0.001), but affected neither glucosinolate concentrations in broccoli nor their metabolite concentrations in plasma and urine compared to regular broccoli.  相似文献   

LC-MS/MS quantification of bioactive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs     

Hu Y  Stromeck A  Loponen J  Lopes-Lutz D  Schieber A  Gänzle MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11983-11989

This study quantified antiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs supplemented with gluten proteins and fermented with six strains of Lactobacillus spp. Bioinformatic analysis of prolamins from barley, rye, and wheat demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptides LQP, LLP, VPP, and IPP are frequently encrypted in their primary sequence. These tripeptides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tripeptide levels in sourdoughs were generally higher as compared to the chemically acidified controls. Sourdoughs fermented with different strains showed different concentrations of LQP and LLP. These differences corresponded to strain-specific differences in PepO and PepN activities. The highest levels of peptides VPP, IPP, LQP, and LLP, 0.23, 0.71, 1.09, and 0.09 mmol (kg DM)(-1), respectively, were observed in rye malt: gluten sourdoughs fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri TMW 1.106 and added protease. These concentrations were 6-7 times higher as compared to sourdough without fungal protease and exceed the IC(50) by 100-1000-fold.  相似文献   

Die Ermittlung des Bulk-Stomata-Widerstandes und der aktuellen Evapotranspiration aus Saugspannungsmessungen des Bodenwassers - dargestellt am Beispiel von Acker-Unkrautgesellschaften auf Hochflutlehm     

Achim Hennig 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(3):197-201

The determination of bulk stomata resistance from tensiometric measurements of soil water - represented at the example of field weed societies on high flood loam It was shown that the computation of actual evapotranspiration from water losses above the zero flux layer is reliable enough to determine as well the bulk stomata resistance, used in Monteith's formula, as the shape of the reduction of potential to actual evapotranspiration. For field weed societies the bulk stomata resistance was determined to 37 s/m and, assuming a leaf area index of 3.0, the according plant resistance was calculated to 28 s/m. The reduction function from potential to actual evapotranspiration was linear one, starting at a water content of 70% of the available field capacity and ending at permanent wilking point. Both results are in good agreement with data from literature.  相似文献   

Diel and seasonal utilization of home ranges in a small lake by smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui)     

J. Savitz  L. G. Bardygula  T. Harder  K. Stuechsli 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1993,2(1):31-39

Abstract– Diel and seasonal movements of 9 smallmouth bass were monitored by ultrasonic tracking for 1–1.5 years in a small gravel pit lake in northeastern Illinois. Each fish had several home ranges over the study period. Males established home ranges around a nesting site in May and June. During the summer months, smallmouth bass had diurnal, nocturnal, diurnal and nocturnal home ranges. The fish exhibited 2 types of behavior when they were within their home ranges. They were either motionless, which generally occurred on the nocturnal home ranges, or they swam slowly about their home ranges. Rapid directional swimming movements occurred when fish were swimming across the lake or moving between home ranges. The home ranges were transitory. The average size of the reproductive (male) home range was 0.07 hectare; 0.12 hectare for nocturnal home ranges; 0.18 hectare for diurnal home range; and 0.20 for diurnal-nocturnal home range. Generally, reproductive and nocturnal home ranges were smaller; other types could be as small as these but were often larger. However, there was no significant difference in home range sizes.  相似文献   

Influenza virus infections in mammals     

Vahlenkamp TW  Harder TC 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(3-4):123-131

The natural reservoir of all known subtypes of influenza A viruses are aquatic birds, mainly of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes in which the infection is asymptomatic and the viruses stay at an evolutionary equilibrium. However, mammals may occasionally contract influenza A virus infections from this pool. This article summarizes: (i) natural infections in mammals including pigs, horses, marine mammals, ferrets, minks; (ii) results from experimental infections in several animal models including mice, ferrets, primates, rats, minks, hamsters and (iii) evidence for the increased pathogenicity of the current influenza A H5N1/Asia viruses for mammals. Several reports have shown that a number of mammalian species, including pigs, cats, ferrets, minks, whales, seals and finally also man are susceptible to natural infection with influenza A viruses of purely avian genetic make up. Among the mammalian species naturally susceptible to avian influenza virus the pig and the cat might exert the greatest potential public health impact. Despite numerous studies in animal and cell culture models, the basis of the extended host spectrum and the unusual pathogenicity of the influenza A H5N1 viruses for mammals is only beginning to be unraveled. Recently, also the transmission of equine influenza A virus to greyhound racing dogs has been documented.  相似文献   

Innovations in the diagnosis of infectious agents of veterinary importance--a seven-league boots fairy tale?     

Harder TC  Höper D  Beer M 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(1-2):14-20

The development of infectiological diagnostic methodology is characterized by saltatoric, revolutionary leaps. Improved sensitivity and specificity, reduction of analytical sample volumes, increased sample throughput, reduced test complexity associated with improved user friendliness are hallmarks of such developments. Apart from purely technical amenities some innovations also enable conceptual adaptations of monitoring strategies. These include the use of diagnostic assays on-site, e. g. in the stable or in the practice. Selecting the assay which is most "fit-for-purpose" among the plethora of sometimes loudly advertised new technology may be difficult even for the well trained and experienced diagnostician. Standardized licensing procedures for infectiological diagnostic kits may be required to guarantee minimal norms of diagnostic quality. At the same time availability of a diversity of diagnostic kits is needed to broaden the base of diagnostic reliability. New infectiological diagnostic innovations will only be useful if the (expanded) results are transposable to the improved practical care of companion animals and farm animal holdings. In addition, the judgment of results, e. g. for epidemiological plausibility, remains a very important issue even when the test results have been produced by novel high technology diagnostics.  相似文献   

The effects of management and plant diversity on carbon storage in coffee agroforestry systems in Costa Rica     

Achim H?ger 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(2):159-174

Agroforestry systems can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, conserve biodiversity and generate income. Whereas the provision of ecosystem services by agroforestry is well documented, the functional relationships between species composition, diversity and carbon (C)-storage remain uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the effects of management (conventional vs. organic), woody plant diversity and plant composition on aboveground and belowground C-storage in coffee agroforestry systems. It was expected that organic farms would store more C, and that an increase in plant diversity would enhance C-storage due to complementarity effects. Additionally, it was expected that steep slopes decrease C-storage as a result of topsoil erosion. Woody plants were identified on 1?ha plots within 14 coffee farms (7 conventional and 7 organic). C-stocks in trees, coffee plants and roots were estimated from allometric equations. C-stocks in litter and topsoil (0?C25?cm) were estimated by sampling. On average, farms stored 93?±?29?Mg?C?ha^?1. Soil organic carbon accounted for 69?% of total C. Total C-stocks were 43?% higher on organic farms than on conventional farms (P?<?0.05). Conventional and organic farms differed in vegetation structure, but not in species diversity. It was found that the combined effect of farm type, species richness, species composition and slope explained 83?% of the variation in total C-storage across all farms (P?<?0.001). Coffee agroforestry in general and organic farms in particular may contribute to GHG mitigation and biodiversity conservation in a synergistic manner which has implications for the effective allocation of resources for conservation and climate change mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector.  相似文献   

Effects of brine salting with regard to raw material variation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) muscle investigated by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy     

Böcker U  Kohler A  Aursand IG  Ofstad R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5129-5137

Atlantic salmon fillets differing with regard to raw material characteristics (prerigor, postrigor, frozen/thawed) and salt content were investigated by FT-IR microspectroscopy and light microscopy. Local variation within each salmon fillet was further taken into account by sampling from the head and tail part separately as they vary in fat and moisture content. The highest salt uptake was achieved for frozen/thawed quality during brine-salting with 16% NaCl for 4 h, while the uptake was least for prerigor fish. At the same time, salting caused muscle fiber swelling of about 10% for both frozen/thawed and postrigor qualities. Differences in the FT-IR amide I spectral region were observed implying a change in the muscle protein secondary structure. Prerigor was least affected by brine-salting, having a final salt concentration of 2.2%, while postrigor had a NaCl content of 3.0% and frozen/thawed of 4.1%. Local variation within the fillets had an effect on the amide I absorption characteristics before as well as after salting. Salt uptake of the samples was affected by raw material quality and at the same time the degree of swelling of the myofibers was influenced by raw material character.  相似文献   

Comparison of Climate Change Effects on Pome And Stone Fruit Phenology Between Balkan Countries and Bonn/Germany     

Pakeza Drkenda  Osman Musić  Slađana Marić  Darko Jevremović  Sanja Radičević  Metka Hudina  Sabina Hodžić  Achim Kunz  Michael M. Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(4):295-304

The objective of the joint project between the two universities of Bonn and Sarajevo was to study the effects of climate change associated with warmer winter and spring temperatures on fruit tree phenology. Changes in flowering date of apple and cherry were correlated with local weather data obtained concomitantly on-site at four locations in the Balkan countries Slovenia, Serbia, B & H and at Bonn, Germany.Phenological data of flower opening (F1; BBCH 61) of apple cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ originated from 55 years at Cacak (44?°N, Serbia) and at Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn (50?°N), cv. ‘Bobovec’ from the University of Ljubljana (46?°N, Slovenia) and cherry cv. ‘Burlat’ (35 years at Klein-Altendorf, 50?°N) and 20–30 years at Tuzla (44?°N, B & H) and Mostar (43?°N, Bosnia & Herzegovina; B & H).The annual precipitation showed a negligible change in the last 55 years of ±5% in the Balkan countries (e.?g. Cacak, 699?mm), but only ±1.8% at Klein-Altendorf (605?mm) with a slight shift to more winter rainfall.Regression analysis showed an increase in mean temperature of 1.7?°C (annual) and 1.45?°C for the vegetation period at Klein-Altendorf (last 55 years), Germany. In the evaluated Balkan stations, the greatest increase in annual air temperature between two climate phases (until 1987 versus from 1988 until now) was at Ljubljana (1.4?°C) and Cacak (1.2?°C) in contrast to the least increase (0.3?°C) at Tuzla (annual average 10?°C) and an intermediate value (0.9?°C) in the warmer Mostar (annual average 14.5?°C).This recent temperature increase advanced flower opening by 10–14 days for apple such as cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ at Cacak and 7–10 days (last 55 years) at Bonn and 4–5 days (last 35 years) for the early cherry cv. ‘Burlat’ at Klein-Altendorf/Bonn; at Mostar and Tuzla, the effect of climate change was greater with the early cherry cv. ‘Burlat’ (26 days) compared with the difference of the late cherry cultivar (16 days). Before recent climate change (1973–1987), cherry flower was advanced by 10 days in the warmer med climate at Mostar but delayed by 16 days in the cooler Tuzla. The results, i.?e. the flower advancement in the Continental climate but flower delay in the med climate, are discussed with respect to the risk of late frost and countermeasures to combat climate change effects.  相似文献   

Cutaneous form of maculopapular mastocytosis in a foal          下载免费PDF全文

Johannes Junginger  Florian Geburek  Muhammad Akram Khan  Gundi Müller  Achim D. Gruber  Marion Hewicker‐Trautwein 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(3):202-e51

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