Induction of systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus by Penicillium simplicissimum GP17‐2 in Arabidopsis and tobacco     

M. M. Elsharkawy  M. Shimizu  H. Takahashi  M. Hyakumachi 《Plant pathology》2012,61(5):964-976

The plant growth‐promoting fungus, Penicillium simplicissimum GP17‐2, was evaluated for its ability to induce resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco plants. Treatment with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of GP17‐2 significantly enhanced fresh weight, dry weight and leaf number of A. thaliana and tobacco plants 6 weeks after planting. Two weeks after CMV inoculation, all plants treated with BGI of GP17‐2 or its culture filtrate (CF) showed a significant reduction in disease severity compared with non‐treated control plants, which exhibited severe mosaic symptoms by the end of the experiment. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that CMV accumulation was significantly reduced in plants treated with GP17‐2 or its CF relative to control plants. Based on RT‐PCR, plants treated with GP17‐2 (BGI or CF) also exhibited increased expression of regulatory and defence genes involved in the SA and JA/ET signalling pathways. These results suggested that multiple defence pathways in A. thaliana and tobacco were involved in GP17‐2‐mediated resistance to CMV, although neither the transgenic NahG line, nor the npr1, jar1 or ein3 mutants disrupted the response in A. thaliana. This is the first report to demonstrate the induction of systemic resistance against CMV by GP17‐2 or its CF.  相似文献   

Crystal structure of the heterodimeric CLOCK:BMAL1 transcriptional activator complex     

Huang N  Chelliah Y  Shan Y  Taylor CA  Yoo SH  Partch C  Green CB  Zhang H  Takahashi JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6091):189-194

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Acute Phase Pulmonary Responses to a Single Intratracheal Spray Instillation of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles in Fischer 344 Rats     

Yukie Tada  Norio Yano  Hiroshi Takahashi  Katsuhiro Yuzawa  Hiroshi Ando  Yoshikazu Kubo  Akemichi Nagasawa  Akio Ogata  Dai Nakae 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(4):233-239

Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.  相似文献   

Seasonal Changes in Luteal Progesterone Concentration and mRNA Expressions of Progesterone Synthesis-related Proteins in the Corpus Luteum of Mares     

Kozai K  Hojo T  Takahashi M  Acosta TJ  Nambo Y  Okuda K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(4):393-397

Although circulating progesterone (P(4)) levels tend to change with the season, little is known about the seasonal changes of P(4) synthesis-related proteins in the corpus luteum (CL) of mares. To examine these changes, seventy-four ovaries containing a CL were collected from Anglo-Norman mares at a local abattoir in Kumamoto, Japan (~N32°), five times during one year. The stages of the CLs were classified as early, mid and regressed by macroscopic observation of the CL and follicles. The mid CL, which had the highest P(4) concentration, was used to evaluate the seasonal changes in P(4) synthesis. The luteal P(4) concentration and mRNA expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) were lowest during early winter and highest during late winter. The mRNA expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD) were lowest during early winter and increased during late winter. These results suggest that P(4) synthesis in the CL is affected by the seasonal changes in the mRNA expressions of P(4) synthesis-related proteins in mares.  相似文献   

Effect of linoleic acid albumin in a dilution solution and long-term equilibration for freezing of bovine spermatozoa with poor freezability     

Takahashi T  Itoh R  Nishinomiya H  Katoh M  Manabe N 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(1):92-97

Despite normal eucrasia, mating desire and semen quality, sire bulls sometimes have spermatozoa with poor freezing tolerance. This study assessed effects of the addition of linoleic acid albumin (LAA) and long-term (LT) equilibrium to frozen semen on their sperm freezing tolerance. Immediately after collection using an artificial vagina and a breeding mount, semen was diluted with yolk citrate buffer; then, it was cooled slowly to 4°C during more than 5 h. Equilibrium treatment at 4°C was applied using the same extender supplemented with glycerol. Semen of bull A, with low sperm freezing tolerance, was treated with 1 mg/ml of LAA added to the first extender. The equilibrium treatment at 4°C was prolonged to 30 h. Significantly higher motility rates were obtained for the LT + LAA-treated sperm before and after freezing-thawing. However, for semen of bulls B and C with normal sperm freezing tolerance, the LT + LAA treatment barely exhibited a small effect on the motility rate. Almost no difference was found among bulls A, B and C in the motility rates of LT + LAA-treated sperm after freezing-thawing. No difference of fertility was apparent on LT + LAA-treated frozen sperm in comparison with normal sperm in embryonic collection and in vitro fertilization. It was not an aberration of fertility in vivo or in vitro. In addition, the conception rate of artificial insemination did not have a difference, and a normal calf was obtained. Results show that addition of LAA to an extender for frozen bovine spermatozoa and 30 h of low-temperature equilibrium might improve the motility of freezing-thawing spermatozoa with poor freezability. Sperm exhibited normal fertilization capability and ontogenic capability.  相似文献   

GeneScan analysis to detect clonality of T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement in feline lymphoid neoplasms     

Mochizuki H  Nakamura K  Sato H  Goto-Koshino Y  Sato M  Takahashi M  Fukushima K  Nakashima K  Fujino Y  Ohno K  Uchida K  Nakayama H  Tsujimoto H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):402-409

Lymphoid neoplasms are usually diagnosed on the basis of cytological and histopathological findings. However, in some cases, discrimination of lymphoid neoplasms from reactive lymphoid proliferation is difficult. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 of the T-cell receptor (TCR) γ gene can be used to assess clonality of T-cell populations as a supportive diagnostic tool for T-cell neoplasms. Because the length variation in the TCRγ CDR3 is relatively small, false positive results may occur in non-neoplastic T-cell populations in the absence of high-resolution analytical methods for PCR products. In the present study, a PCR assay system was developed to detect clonal TCRγ gene rearrangement in feline lymphoid cells using GeneScan analysis. Thirty T-cell neoplasms, 27 B-cell neoplasms, and 34 non-neoplastic tissues were subjected to the newly developed TCRγ gene rearrangement analysis. Clonal TCRγ gene rearrangement was detected in 26 of 30 (87%) T-cell neoplasms, 2 of 27 (7%) B-cell neoplasms, and 1 of 34 (3%) non-neoplastic tissues. To compare GeneScan analysis with conventional PAGE and heteroduplex analysis, 20 clonal and 20 polyclonal samples were subjected to both analyses. Most of the results were concordant between the 2 analyses; however, several clonal peaks (bands) appeared as a single band when analyzed via conventional PAGE with heteroduplex analysis in 4 of the 20 (20%) clonal samples as a result of the difference in resolution. The PCR assay system to detect clonal TCRγ gene rearrangement in feline lymphoid cells, using GeneScan analysis, would be a useful molecular diagnostic tool for feline T-cell neoplasms, with high fidelity.  相似文献   

Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) plantations established from seedlings of non-native genetic lineages     

Yasuhiro Koyama  Makoto Takahashi  Yuki Murauchi  Eitaro Fukatsu  Atsushi Watanabe  Nobuhiro Tomaru 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(1):116-120

In order to examine whether seedlings of non-native genetic lineages had been planted, we compared chloroplast DNA haplotypes in plantations and neighboring natural populations of Fagus crenata in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. This region was chosen for study because there are abundant natural F. crenata populations with different haplotypes, and because the species is also frequently used for afforestation in the area. We sampled 159 trees from 30 populations of the species across most of its natural range in the region, and 136 trees from 20 plantations of the species, ranging in age from 3 to 17 years. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms and four insertions/deletions in two chloroplast DNA regions (trnL–trnF and trnK) were analyzed in each of the sampled individuals in order to determine their haplotypes. Four haplotypes (B, D, E and F) were detected in the natural populations, and these exhibited a clear geographical structure; in contrast, only two haplotypes (A and B) were found in the plantations. We found that 15 out of the 20 plantations—located in central and southern areas on the Pacific side of Honshu, where the natural populations contain haplotypes D, E, and F, and where the climate is characterized by dry, cold winters—had been established using seedlings with haplotypes A and B derived from the Sea of Japan side of the Japanese Islands, where it snows heavily. The risks associated with planting seedlings of inappropriate lineages are discussed.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of C-19 fatty acids with anti-tumor activity from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi mushroom)     

Gao P  Hirano T  Chen Z  Yasuhara T  Nakata Y  Sugimoto A 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):490-499

We previously showed that ethanolic extracts of spores of Ganoderma lucidum inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. The active constituents appeared to be long-chain fatty acids, particularly carbon-19 (C-19) fatty acids which have not been reported in spores of Ganoderma lucidum. In the present study, two of these C-19 fatty acids which are key compounds in the activities, were identified as their 2-naphthyl ester derivatives after esterification of a mixture of fatty acids obtained from the spores. The active compounds were determines as nonadecanoic acid and cis-9-nonadecenoic acid. The location of the double bond of cis-9-nonadecenoic acid was demonstrated by GC-MS analysis, based on the fragmentation pattern of the adduct prepared from the fatty acid and dimethyl disulfide.  相似文献   

Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of an avian leukosis virus isolated from avian neurofibrosarcoma     

Ochi A  Ochiai K  Nakamura S  Kobara A  Sunden Y  Umemura T 《Avian diseases》2012,56(1):35-43

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are rare in chickens and their etiology remains to be elucidated. In this study, a naturally occurring PNST in a Japanese native fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) was pathologically examined and the strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) isolated from the neoplasm was characterized by molecular biological analysis. The fowl presented with a firm subcutaneous mass in the neck. The mass, connected to the adjacent spinal cord (C9-14), was microscopically composed of highly cellular tissue of spindle cells arranged in interlacing bundles, streams, and palisading patterns with Verocay bodies and less cellular tissue with abundant collagen. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were divided into two types: perineurial cells positive for vimentin, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and claudin1; and Schwann cells positive for vimentin, occasionally positive for S-100 alpha/beta but negative for GLUT1. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of neurofibrosarcoma was made. The complete nucleotide sequence of an ALV strain, CTS_5371, isolated from the neoplasm was determined and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain was a novel recombinant virus from avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses previously reported. Additionally, experimental infection revealed that CTS_5371 induced the proliferation of Schwann cells and perineurial cells. These results suggest that this ALV strain has the ability to induce PNSTs in chickens.  相似文献   

Stage-specific distribution of Japanese sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> in Maizuru Bay,Sea of Japan,in relation to environmental factors     

Kenji Minami  Hideki Sawada  Reiji Masuda  Kohji Takahashi  Hokuto Shirakawa  Yoh Yamashita 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):251-259

The Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus plays important ecological and economic roles in the coastal areas of Japan. Here, we aim to reveal the relation between habitat characteristics and density of juvenile and adult sea cucumbers in Maizuru Bay. Density of adult sea cucumbers was estimated by underwater visual surveys and bottom trawls and that of newly settled individuals by seedling collectors distributed in the bay. The physical environment of the sea bottom was evaluated from median diameter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, carbon isotope ratio, nitrogen isotope ratio, depth, slope, and distance from the coastline. Adult sea cucumber density was higher in the east side than the west side of Maizuru Bay, the former having a no-take zone for sea cucumbers. Juvenile sea cucumbers were most abundantly collected in the central part of the bay. High organic matter from the sea, short distance from the coastline, and high seabed gradient (steepness) had a positive effect on the density of adult sea cucumbers, and depth had positive effects on their body size. We suggest that sustainable management of sea cucumbers can be achieved by a combination of the establishment of no-take zones and increased protection of nursery habitats.  相似文献