Characterization of Pectobacterium brasiliense strains from potato and vegetables in Israel     

Leah Tsror  Valerie Hélias  Sara Mordechai-Lebiush  Orly Erlich  Marina Hazanovsky  Laura Chalupowicz  Michal Reuven  Orit Dror  Lea Valinsky  Angelique Laurent  Shulamit Manulis-Sasson 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2179-2187

Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) infects a wide range of crops worldwide, causing potato blackleg and soft rot and vegetable soft rots. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and virulence variability among 68 Pbr strains isolated from either symptomless potato progeny tubers, diseased potato plants, ware potatoes wash water, or vegetables grown in Israel, as well as strains isolated from symptomless seed tubers grown in Europe, or diseased potato plants grown in France. The collection was typed using PCR and TaqMan real-time PCR analyses, dnaX sequence analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and pectolytic activity. dnaX phylogeny grouped almost all strains in a common genetic clade related to Pbr, which was distinct from the other Pectobacterium species. PFGE analysis identified two main clusters, including one major group of 47 strains with 95%–100% similarity. Maceration assays on two potato cultivars showed significant differences between strains but with no correlations with the source of the strains nor the status of the host (with/without symptoms). Molecular (dnaX sequences and PFGE profiles) and phenotypic analyses (tuber maceration tests) showed that the tested Pbr strains are not a homogeneous group. Analysis of the tested Pbr strains isolated from potato and vegetables grown in fields with a history of potato cultivation suggests that seed tubers imported from Europe may be the main source for Pbr in Israel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that describes biodiversity and population structure of P. brasiliense isolated from potato and vegetables under hot climate conditions.  相似文献   

Molecular Analysis of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary from Chapingo,Mexico. Phylogeographic Referential     

Norma Marina Alarcón-Rodríguez  Ernestina Valadez-Moctezuma  Héctor Lozoya-Saldaña 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(5):459-466

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans was originally based on written records, and recently inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies, which emphasize a common South American origin of the European isolates, and absence of the I-b haplotype in Mexico (recently identified in Tlaxcala, Mexico). In order to compare such results, we sequenced the nuclear genes β-tubulin, Ras, and Intron Ras, and rDNA ITS regions in 24 P. infestans genotypes isolated, identified, and selected, during three crop growing cycles in Chapingo, Mexico. The pathogen showed homology and 100 % sequence similarities to the ones reported for the Andes and Europe β-tubulin, Ras, and Intron Ras genes. Results for the ITS region were inconclusive. The molecular oomycete similarities from the three geographical regions (South America, Europe, and Mexico), and the Mexican genotypes characteristics reported in the species supports the hypothesis of the location of P. infestans diversity and a center of dispersal in the central highlands of Mexico.  相似文献   

Glyphosate Sublethal Effects on the Population Dynamics of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)     

Marina Santadino  Carlos Coviella  Fernando Momo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(12):1-8

Pesticides’ sublethal effects are not regularly taken into account when assessing agrochemical’s toxicity. With the objective of detecting chronic, sublethal effects of the widely used herbicide glyphosate, an experiment was performed using the earthworm Eisenia fetida as model organism. Earthworm adults were randomly assigned to three glyphosate treatments: control (no glyphosate), regular dose for perennial weeds, and double dose. Six E. fetida individuals were placed in each pot. Two random pots were taken weekly from each treatment and the number of adults, individual weight, number of cocoons, and presence and number of young earthworms were recorded. A matrix analysis was performed with the data. The matrix population model built showed that while the control population had a positive growth rate, both glyphosate treatments showed negative growth rates. The results suggest that under these sublethal effects, non-target populations are at risk of local extinction, underscoring the importance of this type of studies in agrochemical environmental risk assessment.  相似文献   

How pore structure non-stationarity compromises flow properties representativity (REV) for soil samples: Pore-scale modelling and stationarity analysis     

Kirill M. Gerke  Marina V. Karsanina 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):527-545

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Impact of management of cover crop–soybean agroecosystems on rhizosphere microbial communities     

Jhovana S. Escobar Ortega  Noemi N. Aguilar Vásquez  Teresa Ávila Alba  Inés E. García de Salamone 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(3):1154-1176

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Control of postharvest diseases on citrus fruit by preharvest applications of biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2: Part II. Effectiveness of different cell formulations     

Teresa P. Caams  Immaculada Vias  Josep Usall  Rosario Torres  Marina Anguera  Neus Teixid 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,49(1):96-106

Infection of citrus fruit by postharvest pathogens often occurs in the field prior to harvest; therefore, it could be advantageous to apply biocontrol agents before harvest, which would reduce initial infection and then remain active and control pathogens in storage and under commercial conditions. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different formulations of Pantoea agglomerans applied preharvest for controlling postharvest diseases on citrus. Results confirmed the protective effect of the additive Fungicover (FC) on populations of P. agglomerans exposed to non-conducive field conditions. In general, when osmotic-adapted and lyophilised P. agglomerans cells were used in bacterial treatments, these treatments showed greater survival rates than treatments with non-osmotic-adapted or fresh cells under field conditions. However, this superiority was only found when Fungicover was also added to suspensions of bacterial treatments. Therefore, bacterial treatments with Fungicover had population levels of P. agglomerans cells 1.2 and 2.8 log CFU cm⁻² higher than bacterial treatments without Fungicover during field experiments. These results allowed us to conclude that it is possible to improve environmental stress tolerance and ecological competence of P. agglomerans cells by integrating certain formulation strategies. Consequently, the improved formulation of P. agglomerans provided an effective control for orange fruit against natural postharvest pathogen infections and artificial infections of Penicillium digitatum with values of decay reduction higher than 50%. These latter results also demonstrated that it is possible to control postharvest pathogens using bacterial preharvest treatments.  相似文献   

Arabidopsis ethylene receptors have different roles in Fumonisin B1-induced cell death     

Jonathan M. Plett  Marina Cvetkovska  Patricia Makenson  Tim Xing  Sharon Regan 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2009,74(1):18-26

Ethylene is a central signalling agent in mediating plant defence against pathogens. Mutations to the ethylene receptor ETR1 have been shown to alter susceptibility of plants to mycotoxin-induced cell death. Using Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) to induce cell death, we demonstrate that the receptor mutant ein4-1 has a reduced rate of necrosis, potentially due to an upregulation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1. Mutations in other ethylene receptors differentially affected the expression of genes in the jasmonic and salicylic acid defence pathways. Together these data indicate that ethylene receptors do not have redundant roles in mediating FB₁-induced cell death.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of the lower eyelid by third eyelid lateral advancement and local transposition cutaneous flap after "en bloc" resection of squamous cell carcinoma in 5 cats     

Schmidt K  Bertani C  Martano M  Morello E  Buracco P 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(1):78-82

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel technique for blepharoplasty to cover a tissue defect involving >/=50% of the lower eyelid. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Five cats with lower eyelid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: En bloc resection of SCC by removing >/=50% of the lower lid with either the medial or lateral canthus was performed without other adjunctive treatment for SCC. The lid defect was reconstructed with a transposition skin flap derived from the frontal (medial defect) or temporal (lateral defect) region. The third eyelid was advanced laterally without dissection from its insertion; its outer conjunctival layer was removed, and the skin flap was sutured with single interrupted sutures dorsally over the nictitating membrane, ventrally to the cutaneous edge of the surgical wound and medially or laterally (depending on the canthus removed) to the skin of the remaining lower lid. RESULTS: Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were achieved and the Schirmer tear tests were normal. In 2 cats, the skin flap needed monthly hair trimming to avoid corneal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: After en bloc resection of SCC involving >/=50% of the lower eyelid, reconstruction can be achieved by relocation of the third eyelid and use of a cutaneous transposition flap sutured to the scarified external surface of the third eyelid. Eyelid apposition and lacrimal function were preserved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Blepharoplasty using a cutaneous transposition flap sutured to the scarified surface of a relocated third eyelid should be considered for reconstruction of lower eyelid defects with >/=50% tissue loss of the lid margin.  相似文献   

Fragmentation patterns of the Caatinga drylands     

Marina Antongiovanni  Eduardo M. Venticinque  Carlos Roberto Fonseca 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(8):1353-1367

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Effect of the Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy on Intra‐Articular Pressure Distribution and Contact Mechanics of Congruent and Incongruent Canine Elbows Ex Vivo          下载免费PDF全文

Marina J. McConkey  Dominick M. Valenzano  Alexander Wei  Ting Li  Margret S. Thompson  Hussni O. Mohammed  Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen  Ursula Krotscheck 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(3):347-355

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