Prevalence and identification of fungal DNA in the small intestine of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies     

Suchodolski JS  Morris EK  Allenspach K  Jergens AE  Harmoinen JA  Westermarck E  Steiner JM 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(3-4):379-388

Limited information is available about the prevalence and phylogenetic classification of fungal organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. Also, the impact of fungal organisms on gastrointestinal health and disease is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungal DNA in the small intestine of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies. Small intestinal content was analyzed from 64 healthy and 71 diseased dogs from five different geographic locations in Europe and the USA. Fungal DNA was amplified with panfungal primers targeting the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region. PCR amplicons were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Fungal DNA was detected in 60.9% of healthy dogs and in 76.1% of dogs with chronic enteropathies. This prevalence was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.065). Fungal DNA was significantly more prevalent in mucosal brush samples (82.8%) than in luminal samples (42.9%; p=0.002). Sequencing results revealed a total of 51 different phylotypes. All sequences belonged to two phyla and were classified as either Ascomycota (32 phylotypes) or Basidiomycota (19 phylotypes). Three major classes were identified: Saccharomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Hymenomycetes. The most commonly observed sequences were classified as Pichia spp., Cryptococcus spp., Candida spp., and Trichosporon spp. Species believed to be clinically more important were more commonly observed in diseased dogs. These results indicate a high prevalence and diversity of fungal DNA in the small intestine of both healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies. The canine gastrointestinal tract of diseased dogs may harbor opportunistic fungal pathogens.  相似文献   

GGL-column: poultry and use of antibiotics     

Vink A 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2008,133(13):581

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A review of the biology and status of Cape Fold Ecoregion freshwater fishes          下载免费PDF全文

Bruce R. Ellender  Ryan J. Wasserman  Albert Chakona  Paul H. Skelton  Olaf L.F. Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(4):867-879

The influence of anaerobic muscle activity,maturation and season on the flesh quality of farmed turbot     

Bjorn Roth  Albert Imsland  Lars Helge Stien  Rian Schelvis-Smit  Snorri Gunnarsson  Atle Foss 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(3):461-474

In order to test seasonal, rearing, maturing and anaerobic muscle activity effect on the flesh quality of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) a total of 80 farmed turbot from three different strains from reared under natural or continuous light were killed by a percussive blow to the head in November (winter, Icelandic strain), March (spring, Portuguese strain) and June (summer, domesticated strain (France turbot)). To test the effect of anaerobic muscle activity, 10 fish were on each occasion pre rigor filleted, where one fillet was used as a control, while the other fillet was electrically stimulated using a squared 5 Hz, 10 V pulsed DC for 3 min. All pre rigor fillets were measured for pH, weighed, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored in polystyrene boxes with ice. After 7 days of storage the fillets were measured instrumentally for pH, drip loss, colour (CIE L* a* b*) and texture properties such as hardness and shear force, while fillet shrinkage and colour (RBG) were evaluated with computer imaging on photographs from a standard lightbox. Results showed that softness of the flesh was mainly influenced by factors associated with growth, such as season, photoperiod and maturation. Anaerobic muscle activity simulated with electrical stimulation caused an increase in drip loss (<1%) and loss of shear force (<4%), but had no effect on hardness or fillet shrinkage. Computer imaging revealed that muscle contractions related to the electrical stimulus forced out blood from the fillet causing less reddishness for the entire storage period. We conclude that a pH drop upon slaughter associated with anaerobic muscle activity has a minor effect on the flesh quality in the short run, while seasonal/alternatively genetic effects are predominant.  相似文献   

Stocking Density and its Influence on Growth of Spotted Wolffish,Anarhichas minor,in Shallow Raceways     

Albert K. Imsland  Snorri Gunnarsson  A. Foss  Benedikt Sigur?sson  Sindri Sigur?sson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(6):762-770

We compared growth properties of spotted wolffish with initial mean weight (± SE) 3.65 (± 0.15) kg reared in shallow raceways at three different densities (50, 70, and 90 kg/m², corresponding to approx. 170, 240, and 310 kg/m³) in a 447‐day‐long growth trial at ambient temperature (mean (± SD), 4.2 C ± 1.9). Growth in all three groups was comparable, but there was a trend toward higher growth at the highest density. Final mean weights (kg ± SE) were 4.90 (± 0.15), 4.80 (± 0.16), and 5.05 (± 0.11), at the 50, 70, and 90 kg/m² density, respectively. Initially, growth rates were higher at the 90 kg/m² density group compared to the two other densities, but overall growth rates were similar in all three groups. Feed conversion efficiency differed and was higher at the two highest densities compared to lowest density. The acid–base balance was influenced by the density treatment as there was a general trend toward higher partial pressure of CO₂ and HCO in the 90 kg/m² group. Calculated productivity increased almost linearly with increasing stocking density and was found to be 24, 42, and 66 g/m²/day at 50, 70, and 90 kg/m², respectively. The results show that the optimum density conditions for farming large spotted wolffish, both with respect to growth rate, feed conversion, and productivity are at densities equal to or higher than 90 kg/m².  相似文献   

Antifungal activity of resveratrol oligomers from Cyphostemma crotalarioides     

Adil E Bala  Albert Kollmann  Paul-Henri Ducrot  Amel Majira  Lucien Kerhoas  Robert Delorme  Jacques Einhorn 《Pest management science》1999,55(2):206-208

Resveratrol and its oligomers: ε-viniferine, gnetin C, Pallidol and gnetin E, as well as three new dehydrodimers, cyphostemmines A–C, have been isolated from the roots of Cyphostemma crotalarioides (Ampelidaceae). Such compounds have not been reported previously in the family Ampelidaceae. Cis ε-viniferin has also been characterized as a minor component of the extract; it may have undergone partial transformation in solution into trans ε-viniferin. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of daphnane diterpenes from Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn) (Thymelaeaceae) roots     

Adil E A Bala  Robert Delorme  Albert Kollmann  Lucien Kerhoas  Jacques Einhorn  Paul-Henri Ducrot  Danielle Aug 《Pest management science》1999,55(7):745-750

A methanol extract of roots of Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn) (Thymelaeaceae) showed potent insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (Glov) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig). Bioassay-driven fractionation of this extract led to the isolation and characterisation of two known daphnane diterpenoids: Excoecaria toxin (1) and wikstrotoxin D (2) . The two natural products were inferior to methomyl in activity against A gossypii and Myzus persicae (Sulz) in contact assays but were superior in ingestion assays against D melanogaster. This is the first report on insecticidal activities of compounds 1 and 2 . AChE was insensitive to the two natural products. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Contrasting patterns of variation in weedy traits and unique crop features in divergent populations of US weedy rice (Oryza sativa sp.) in Arkansas and California          下载免费PDF全文

Kimberly L Kanapeckas  Te‐Ming Tseng  Cynthia C Vigueira  Aida Ortiz  William C Bridges  Nilda R Burgos  Albert J Fischer  Amy Lawton‐Rauh 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1404-1415

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Analysis of Rural Landscape and Land Fragmentation Through GIS in the Gjocaj Commune,Albania     

Adrian Doko  Eriola Veselaj  Albert Kopali  Evan Rroço  Dr. Nazim Gruda 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2015,67(3):131-139

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Anti-Leishmania IgA in urine samples from dogs with clinical leishmaniasis     

Felicitat Todolí  Laia Solano-Gallego  Ana Ojeda  Josefina Quintana  Albert Lloret  Xavier Roura  Jordi Alberola  Alhelí Rodríguez-Cortés 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

Recently, anti-Leishmania IgG has been detected in urine samples from Leishmania-infected dogs and its concentrations have been correlated with impairment of renal function. The presence and relationship with other anti-Leishmania Ig isotypes in urine have not yet been investigated. The current study analyzed the concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA and IgG in sera (Ig-S) and urine (Ig-U) samples by ELISA in 64 untreated dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. All 64 serum samples tested were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG. Fifty of them (78.1%) were also positive for anti-Leishmania IgA. The results showed the presence of anti-Leishmania IgA-U in 38% of the 50 dogs that were positive for specific IgA-S. Thirty-eight of the 64 dogs positive for Leishmania-specific IgG-S (59.4%) were also positive for Leishmania-specific IgG in urine (IgG-U). The concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA-U were significantly correlated with urine protein/creatinine (uP/C) ratio (ρ = 0.542; P < 0.001) and with serum biochemical parameters, such as γ-globulins, urea and creatinine. Goldmann–Witmer coefficient (C value) indicated that detection of specific IgA in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis might not only be due to impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier but also be due to local production of this isotype, which might reflect a local immunological response to the presence of the parasite in the genitourinary tract. Anti-Leishmania IgG-U concentrations were highly correlated with uP/C ratio (ρ = 0.779; P < 0.001) and C value did not support in any case local production of this isotype. IgG isotype might be a more suitable and specific tool to evaluate renal damage due to the lower IgA-U sensitivity and correlation coefficients and evidence of IgA local production. However, dogs found positive for both Ig isotypes in urine presented significantly higher specific IgG-U concentrations and higher uP/C ratios than dogs found positive only for IgG-U, thus suggesting that the first group suffered more severe renal damage. This fact makes it necessary to evaluate the prognosis of dogs showing both anti-Leishmania IgA-U and IgG-U in future studies.  相似文献