First record of the invasive pest <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila suzukii</Emphasis> in Ukraine indicates multiple sources of invasion     

Anton Lavrinienko  Jenni Kesäniemi  Phillip C. Watts  Svitlana Serga  Marta Pascual  Francesc Mestres  Iryna Kozeretska 《Journal of pest science》2017,90(2):421-429

Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as the spotted-wing Drosophila, is an invasive polyphagous fruit pest, which has emerged as a global threat to agriculture in the Americas and in Europe. Due to the rapid spread, great economic losses and its pest behavior, D. suzukii represents a powerful model for invasion biology and pest management studies. However, its current European distribution, invasion routes and levels of genetic diversity in populations of D. suzukii are poorly understood. We present the first report of D. suzukii from Ukraine, with the invasion likely occurring close to 2014. The pattern of genetic variation at cytochrome oxidase I among D. suzukii populations from Europe, USA and Asia reveals comparatively high genetic diversity in the Ukrainian population of this pest species, suggesting a complex invasion scenario from multiple sources. Further monitoring patterns of genetic variation across space and time, to better understand the invasion routes of this invasive insect pest, will be an essential part for developing successful pest management strategies.  相似文献   

Mobile terrestrial laser scanner applications in precision fruticulture/horticulture and tools to extract information from canopy point clouds   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alexandre Escolà  José A. Martínez-Casasnovas  Josep Rufat  Jaume Arnó  Amadeu Arbonés  Francesc Sebé  Miquel Pascual  Eduard Gregorio  Joan R. Rosell-Polo 《Precision Agriculture》2017,18(1):111-132

LiDAR sensors are widely used in many areas and, in recent years, that includes agricultural tasks. In this work, a self-developed mobile terrestrial laser scanner based on a 2D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor was used to scan an intensive olive orchard, and different algorithms were developed to estimate canopy volume. Canopy volume estimations derived from LiDAR sensor readings were compared to conventional estimations used in fruticulture/horticulture research and the results prove that they are equivalent with coefficients of correlation ranging from r = 0.56 to r = 0.82 depending on the algorithms used. Additionally, tools related to analysis of point cloud data from the LiDAR-based system are proposed to extract further geometrical and structural information from tree row crop canopies to be offered to farmers and technical advisors as digital raster maps. Having high spatial resolution information on canopy geometry (i.e., height, width and volume) and on canopy structure (i.e., light penetrability, leafiness and porosity) may result in better orchard management decisions. Easily obtainable, reliable information on canopy geometry and structure may favour the development of decision support systems either for irrigation, fertilization or canopy management, as well as for variable rate application of agricultural inputs in the framework of precision fruticulture/horticulture.  相似文献   

Thermophysiological,haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road          下载免费PDF全文

M. Pascual‐Alonso  G. C. Miranda‐de la Lama  L. Aguayo‐Ulloa  M. Villarroel  M. Mitchell  G. A. María 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):541-551

The study was conducted to evaluate the thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. A total of 44 Chamarita breed adult ewes were randomly allotted to one of two groups, one control group (untransported) and transported group (journey of 4 h), and blood stress indicators were measured 1 day before transport and at four time points post‐transport (0, 4 and 24 h). Thermophysiological profiles of ewes were measured by temperature buttons (iButton Thermochron^®) and placed in intravaginal sponges. Direct observations, with a combination of scan and behaviour sampling, were carried out to collect information on individual behaviour and the time it took the ewes to drink water, eat and rest after returning to their pen respectively. Transported ewes lost approximately 1 kg live weight compared to controls and had higher body temperatures until 12 h post‐transport. Cortisol, glucose, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations as well as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and other physiological indicators were higher immediately after unloading in transported ewes but mostly returned to normal after 4 h, with complete recovery after 24 h. Behavioural analysis post‐transport demonstrated that transported ewes chose to eat before drinking and spent less time resting than controls in the first 3 h after unloading. The study demonstrates that transportation even under short‐journey conditions induced behavioural, physiological and thermophysiological responses indicative of the induction of significant stress, leading to live weight shrinkage that may jeopardize farmer's incomes. Finally, results of this study validated the use of iButton Thermochron^® data loggers for monitoring the stress response during transport.  相似文献   

Effects of biosolarization as methyl bromide alternative for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne incognita</Emphasis> control on quality of soil under pepper     

Margarita Ros  Carlos Garcia  Maria Teresa Hernandez  Alfredo Lacasa  Pedro Fernandez  Jose Antonio Pascual 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,45(1):37-44

The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, urease, and β-glucosidase activity decreased after manure amendment plus solarization (biosolarization), but they recovered after cropping, reaching levels higher than or similar to those before the biosolarization. However, these biochemical parameters decreased and did not recover with time in the methyl bromide (MeBr) treatment. Potential negative soil effects were assayed by measuring, ecotoxicity (Vibrio fisheri luminescence), germination index, electrical conductivity, and heavy metals content. Biosolarization did not negatively affect these parameters, while MeBr application irreversibly decreased the germination index and ecotoxicity. Higher-quality pepper production (extra and first class) were observed with biosolarization but not with MeBr, but no differences were found for pepper yield. Biosolarization gave a Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) incidence similar to that of MeBr application.  相似文献   

Contents of total protein, L-canavanine and condensed tannins of the one-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem.) collection of the Bank of Plant Germplasm of Cuenca (Spain)     

R. Sánchez Vioque  I. Cantón Prado  F. Flores Gil  M. J. Giménez Alvear  M. De los Mozos Pascual  M. F. Rodríguez Conde 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):949-957

A total of 125 accessions of one-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem.) mostly from the Iberian Peninsula have been analysed for total protein, L-canavanine and condensed tannins. It was observed a high variability in the composition: the protein content ranged from 18.20 to 30.07%, L-canavanine from 0.27 to 0.67%, and condensed tannins from 0.13 to 0.35%, which indicates a scarce domestication of the crop. The inclusion of the seeds into a diet to non-ruminants should be limited to marginal percentages because of the contents of L-canavanine and it suggests that a reduction of this compound by breeding should be encouraged. The protein and the L-canavanine contents showed a low and positive significant correlation (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), which complicates the selection of seeds having simultaneously low L-canavanine and high protein contents. On the other hand, no correlation between protein and condensed tannins or between L-canavanine and condensed tannins was observed. There was a poor relationship between the origin and the composition of the accessions and only the protein content was able to discriminate among the regions.  相似文献   

Characterization of a New Subgroup of Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 1 (AG-1-ID), Causal Agent of a Necrotic Leaf Spot on Coffee   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Priyatmojo A  Escopalao VE  Tangonan NG  Pascual CB  Suga H  Kageyama K  Hyakumachi M 《Phytopathology》2001,91(11):1054-1061

ABSTRACT A new foliar disease on coffee leaves was observed in Mindanao, Philippines, in 1996. The symptoms appeared as large circular or irregularly shaped necrotic areas with small circular necrotic spots (1 mm or less in diameter) usually found around the periphery of the large necrotic areas. Rhizoctonia solani was consistently isolated from these diseased coffee leaves. Isolates obtained were multinucleate (3 to 12 nuclei per hyphal cell), had an optimum temperature for hyphal growth at 25 degrees C, prototrophic for thiamine, and anastomosed with tester isolates belonging to R. solani anastomosis group 1 (AG-1). Mature cultures on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were light to dark brown. Sclerotia, light brown to brown, were formed on the surface of PDA and covered the whole mature colony culture. Individual sclerotia often aggregated into large clumps (3 to 8 mm in diameter) and their color was brown to dark brown. In pathogenicity tests, isolates from coffee caused necrotic symptoms on coffee leaves, whereas isolates of AG-1-IA (not isolated from coffee), 1-IB, and 1-IC did not. The results of analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer, random amplified polymorphism DNA, and fatty acid profiles showed that R. solani isolates from coffee are a population of AG-1 different from AG-1-IA, 1-IB, and 1-IC. These results suggest that R. solani isolates from coffee represent a new subgroup distinct from AG-1-IA, 1-IB, and 1-IC. A new subgroup ID (AG-1-ID) is proposed.  相似文献   

Management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus,bovine-leukosis virus,Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis,and Neospora caninum in dairy herds in the Canadian Maritimes     

Chi J  VanLeeuwen JA  Weersink A  Keefe GP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,55(1):57-68

Bovine viral-diarrhoea (BVD), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), Johne's disease (JD), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. Our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the Maritimes provinces of Canada. Overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the agents of BVD, EBL, JD, and neosporosis, respectively. The median within-herd true prevalences were 0, 9.3, 0, and 12.3%, respectively. Factor analysis reduced the 27 control practices to two highly correlated factors. Tobit-regression analyses determined that vaccination practices were associated with reduced prevalence of exposure for Bovine viral-diarrhoea and EBL. Also, farms that tended to purchase their dairy animals were associated with higher seroprevalence for Johnes' disease. Neither of these two factors was associated with the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection. The few routine biosecurity measures that were investigated in this study were generally not related to the seroprevalences of these farms.  相似文献   

Inbreeding depression on growth and prolificacy traits in two lines of rabbit     

Miriam Piles  Juan Pablo Sánchez  Mariam Pascual  Silvia Teresa Rodríguez-Ramilo 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2023,140(1):39-48

Inbreeding depression in closed populations impairs animal fitness, health, and productivity. However, not all inbreeding is expected to be equally damaging. Recent inbreeding is thought to be more harmful than ancient inbreeding because selection decreases the frequency of unfavourable alleles with time. Accordingly, selection efficiency is improved by inbreeding in a process called purging. This research aimed to quantify inbreeding depression on growth and prolificacy traits in two lines of rabbits selected for just one growth (Caldes line) or prolificacy (Prat line) trait, and also to find some evidence of purging of deleterious alleles by selection. Caldes line comprised 51 generations and 124,371 animals in the pedigree. Prat line comprised 34 generations and 161,039 animals in the pedigree. The effects of old, intermediate, and new inbreeding (Fold, Fint, and Fnew), as well as total cumulated classical inbreeding (F) and 3 measurements of ancestral inbreeding (AHC, Fa.K, and Fa.B) were estimated for average daily gain (ADG), slaughter weight (SW), weaning weight (WW), born alive (BA), the total number of kits (NT), and the number of weaned kits (NW). There was a clear inbreeding depression for all growth and prolificacy traits in the Caldes line (−7.19 g/d, −0.45 kg, −0.25 kg, −6 kits, −4 kits, and −4 kits per unit of increase in F for ADG, SW, WW, BA, NT, and NW, respectively) and also in Prat line (−7.48 g/d, −0.31 kg, −0.11 kg, −4 kits, −5 kits, and −4 kits per unit of increase in F for ADG, SW, WW, BA, NT, and NW, respectively). The inbreeding partition appears to be a reliable alternative for assessing inbreeding depression and purging. Thus, for example, in the Caldes line and for ADG the regression coefficients were −7.61, −5.41, and 7.76 g/d per unit of increase in Fnew, Fint, and Fold, respectively. In addition, AHC and Fa.B may provide more accurate evidence of purging than Fa.K. This study confirms the existence of inbreeding depression for growth and prolificacy traits in both lines of rabbits and shows evidence of purging of deleterious recessive alleles involved both in growth and prolificacy, independently of the selection criteria established in the line.  相似文献   

Seaweed Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides: Extraction,Purification, and Applications     

Javier Echave  Maria Fraga-Corral  Pascual Garcia-Perez  Jelena Popovi&#x;-Djordjevi&#x;  Edina H. Avdovi&#x;  Milanka Radulovi&#x;  Jianbo Xiao  Miguel A. Prieto  Jesus Simal-Gandara 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)

Seaweeds are industrially exploited for obtaining pigments, polysaccharides, or phenolic compounds with application in diverse fields. Nevertheless, their rich composition in fiber, minerals, and proteins, has pointed them as a useful source of these components. Seaweed proteins are nutritionally valuable and include several specific enzymes, glycoproteins, cell wall-attached proteins, phycobiliproteins, lectins, or peptides. Extraction of seaweed proteins requires the application of disruptive methods due to the heterogeneous cell wall composition of each macroalgae group. Hence, non-protein molecules like phenolics or polysaccharides may also be co-extracted, affecting the extraction yield. Therefore, depending on the macroalgae and target protein characteristics, the sample pretreatment, extraction and purification techniques must be carefully chosen. Traditional methods like solid–liquid or enzyme-assisted extraction (SLE or EAE) have proven successful. However, alternative techniques as ultrasound- or microwave-assisted extraction (UAE or MAE) can be more efficient. To obtain protein hydrolysates, these proteins are subjected to hydrolyzation reactions, whether with proteases or physical or chemical treatments that disrupt the proteins native folding. These hydrolysates and derived peptides are accounted for bioactive properties, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or antihypertensive activities, which can be applied to different sectors. In this work, current methods and challenges for protein extraction and purification from seaweeds are addressed, focusing on their potential industrial applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.  相似文献   

Do farmers waste fertilizer? A comparison of ex post optimal nitrogen rates and ex ante recommendations by model, site and year     

Predrag Rajsic  Alfons Weersink   《Agricultural Systems》2008,97(1-2):56-67

While there appear to be costs to farmers of over-applying nitrogen, there is evidence in many regions that farmers are applying nitrogen at levels that exceed those suggested by government extension services. A major reason why farmers would apparently waste money by applying more fertilizer than a crop can use is a perception that the general recommendations are not appropriate for their individual situations. In this paper we estimate the economically optimal rates for 7 Ontario sites over multiple years using four yield response functional forms to examine whether the profit-maximizing rates as determined at the end of the growing season (ex post optimal rates) are generally higher than recommended rates due to site, year, or yield response functional form differences. There was no statistical or economic basis for selecting one response model over another suggesting functional form choice or perception is not a reason for over-application. However, there was a great deal of variability found between the actual optimal rate for the season and the ex ante recommended rate, which is constant across seasons for a given site. While the recommended rate is higher than the maximum economic rate of nitrogen (MERN) on the majority of sites examined, the distribution is skewed due to a few large differences. When the recommended rate is lower than the ex post MERN in a given year, it tends to occur on less productive sites and is much lower. The pay-off function to alternative nitrogen rates is generally flat as the difference between the MERN and recommended was less than $10/ha on approximately one-third of the trials but there are large differences in the good years on less productive sites. Thus, the decision to apply more than average to take advantage of the good years is appropriate since the cost of over-application is low compared to the cost of under-application. While the pay off to soil testing for nitrogen and consequently variable rate application technology is brought into question, there appears to be significant value to information on the growing conditions for the upcoming season particularly on less productive sites. Another implication of the study is the need to have a sufficient range of application rates in nitrogen field trials for accurate estimation of the underlying response function.  相似文献