Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: Housing and manure storage   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barbara Amon  Vitaliy Kryvoruchko  Martina Frhlich  Thomas Amon  Alfred Pllinger  Irene Msenbacher  Anton Hausleitner 《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):199-207

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare while minimizing the overall emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs, which can be operated economically on commercial farms. Emissions from conventional slurry based pig houses have been intensively studied, but more research is needed into straw based systems. In this study, we quantified emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases from a straw flow system with or without daily removal of slurry to an outside store. The effect of applying a solid cover during outside storage was also examined.

Emissions of NH₃, N₂O, CH₄, and volatile organic C (VOC) from a commercial straw flow system for fattening pigs in Upper Austria were measured between June 2003 and March 2004. Emissions of CH₄ during housing were 1.24 and 0.54 kg CH₄ per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal, respectively. The corresponding N₂O emissions amounted to 39.9 and 24.5 g N₂O per pig place per year, and NH₃ emissions to 2.10 and 1.90 kg NH₃ per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal. Emissions of CH₄, N₂O and NH₃, and of total greenhouse gases, from the straw flow system were lower than literature reference values for forced ventilated fully slatted floor systems. Daily removal of the manure to an outside store reduced emissions from the pig house.

Emissions during storage of pig slurry derived from a straw flow system were quantified between June 2004 and June 2005. Slurry was stored in pilot scale stores with or without a solid cover and emissions quantified by a large open dynamic chamber. The solid cover reduced NH₃ and greenhouse gas emissions by 30 and 50%, respectively. During cold climatic conditions stored pig manure emitted less NH₃ and greenhouse gases than when stored under warm climatic conditions. We recommend the use of separate emission factors for slurry storage in the colder and warmer periods in the national emission inventory, and the use of covers on pig slurry stores.

Overall, it is concluded that the straw flow system may combine recommendations of animal welfare and environmental protection.  相似文献   

Development of a 1-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the rapid diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in postmortem specimens.     

Birgit Quinting  Béatrice Robert  Carine Letellier  Mathieu Boxus  Pierre Kerkhofs  Frédéric Schynts  Alfred Collard 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(3):238-243

  相似文献   

Weitere Beobachtungen an Kulturen vonPorphyridium cruentum (Ag.) Naeg. mariner Herkunft     

Alfred Rieth 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1962,10(1):168-194

Zusammenfassung In Kulturversuchen wurden die Nährstoffansprüche vonPorphyridium cruentum bei besonderer Berücksichtigung der zum guten Gedeihen für erforderlich gehaltenen Meerwasser- oder Meersalzzugabe und die Eignung verschiedener stickstoffhaltiger Verbindungen untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Hinweise zur Ökologie der Alge am natürlichen Standort ableiten.

---

Summary By means of culture experiments investigations were made on the nutrient requirements ofPorphyridium cruentum with special regard to its presumed demand of sea-water or sea-salt supply. Futhermore nitrogenous substances were tested relative to their value as a nitrogen source. The results of these investigations gave a hint at the ecological conditions of this alga in its natural environment.

---

Phorphyridium cruentum . , . .

---

---

Zugleich Veröffentlichung aus der Forschungsstelle für Limnologie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.  相似文献   

Zur Kenntnis der Lebensbedingungen vonPorphyridium cruentum (Ag.) Naeg. V. Faktoren,die die Kälteresistenz modifizieren     

Alfred Rieth 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1966,14(1):61-82

  相似文献   

Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Phycomyceten IV.Pleotrachelus wildemani Petersen neu für Deutschland     

Alfred Rieth 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1962,10(1):93-105

Zusammenfassung Die OlpidiaceePleotrachelus wildemani Petersen (1910), bisher nur aus Dänemark und Großbritannien bekannt, wurde in Moosprotonemen erstmalig für Deutschland gefunden, mit dem Wirt kultiviert und durch Infektionsversuche auf ihr Wirtsspektrum geprüft. Drei Laubmoosarten zeigten sich anfällig, auf Lebermoose gelang eine Übertragung bisher nicht. An den Kulturen konnten der vegetative Entwicklungszyklus verfolgt und die Variationsmöglichkeiten der Zoosporangienform studiert werden.

---

Summary The occurrence ofPleotrachelus wildemani Petersen (1910) (Olpidiaceae) hitherto found only in Denmark and Great Britain is now reported even for Germany, in the neighbourhood of Gatersleben, parasitic in moss-protonema. The phycomycete was cultivated together with a host plant in order to trace his life history on living material with special regard to the variability of Zoosporangia. Inoculation experiments demonstrated that the fungus is capable to infect the protonema of several species of Musci. Infection of Liverworts however could not yet be detected.

---

. Olpidiaceae,Pleotrachelus wildemani Petersen (1910), , . . ; . .

---

---

Zugleich Veröffentlichung aus der Forschungsstelle für Limnologie Jena der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.  相似文献   

A rapid and versatile combined DNA/RNA extraction protocol and its application to the analysis of a novel DNA marker set polymorphic between Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and Landsberg erecta     

Berendzen K  Searle I  Ravenscroft D  Koncz C  Batschauer A  Coupland G  Somssich IE  Ulker B 《Plant methods》2005,1(1):4

Background  

Many established PCR-based approaches in plant molecular biology rely on lengthy and expensive methods for isolation of nucleic acids. Although several rapid DNA isolation protocols are available, they have not been tested for simultaneous RNA isolation for RT-PCR applications. In addition, traditional map-based cloning technologies often use ill-proportioned marker regions even when working with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, where the availability of the full genome sequence can now be exploited for the creation of a high-density marker systems.  相似文献   

Substituted alpha-(phenylhydrazono)phenylacetonitrile derivatives. Part 2: Synthesis and biological activity of pro-pesticides     

Flury T  Hall RG  Karrer F  Kienast H  Leuenberger K  Pascual A  Rindlisbacher A  Trah S  Widmer HJ 《Pest management science》2006,62(3):236-241

Pro-pesticides of alpha-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenylhydrazono)-4-nitrophenylacetonitrile have been prepared and tested against mite and insect pests. Variations in potency and spectrum were observed depending on the choice of cleavable pro-moiety. Cleavage of the pro-moiety was demonstrated in one case by measuring the rate of increase in the uncoupling activity using a mitochondrial preparation. Irradiation experiments have demonstrated a rapid isomerisation of the planar Z isomer to the E isomer, which is reversible.  相似文献   

From the guest editors     

Andrew Sluyter  Alfred H. Siemens 《Agriculture and Human Values》2004,21(2-3):101-103

  相似文献   

The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication     

Driscoll CA  Menotti-Raymond M  Roca AL  Hupe K  Johnson WE  Geffen E  Harley EH  Delibes M  Pontier D  Kitchener AC  Yamaguchi N  O'brien SJ  Macdonald DW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):519-523

The world's domestic cats carry patterns of sequence variation in their genome that reflect a history of domestication and breed development. A genetic assessment of 979 domestic cats and their wild progenitors-Felis silvestris silvestris (European wildcat), F. s. lybica (Near Eastern wildcat), F. s. ornata (central Asian wildcat), F. s. cafra (southern African wildcat), and F. s. bieti (Chinese desert cat)-indicated that each wild group represents a distinctive subspecies of Felis silvestris. Further analysis revealed that cats were domesticated in the Near East, probably coincident with agricultural village development in the Fertile Crescent. Domestic cats derive from at least five founders from across this region, whose descendants were transported across the world by human assistance.  相似文献   

When the oil supply runs out     

Cavallo A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5827):980

  相似文献