Fecundity in adult Haemonchus contortus parasites is correlated with abomasal tissue eosinophils and γδ T cells in resistant Canaria Hair Breed sheep     

González JF  Hernández A  Meeusen EN  Rodríguez F  Molina JM  Jaber JR  Raadsma HW  Piedrafita D 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):286-292

Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep are more resistant than Canaria sheep (CS) to experimental Haemonchus contortus infection. Protective responses appear effective against the adult stage of the parasite, not as commonly reported in other breeds against the larval stages. In this study we have quantified several abomasal immune cells and correlated these with parasitological variables for each breed. A significant negative correlation between CD4+ T cell numbers and worm burden or length at 28 dpi was seen only in CS sheep. Significant negative correlations for both abomasal eosinophils and γδ/WC1+ T cells, and fecundity of the adult worms were observed only in the resistant CHB sheep breed. Tissue eosinophils and γδ/WC1+ T cells were positively correlated in CHB sheep. We suggest that the two sheep breeds have disparate immune responses following infection with the parasite and that γδ+ T cells in association with eosinophils may play a hitherto unrecognised role in modulating fecundity in H. contortus adult female parasites.  相似文献   

Phage display identifies two Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus env epitopes     

Gazarian K  Setién AA  Gazarian T  Pierle SA 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):87

ABSTRACT: Using phage display and IgG of a goat infected with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) we obtained families of 7 mer constrained peptides with consensus motifs LxSDPF/Y and SWN/KHWSY and mapped the epitopes mimicked by them at the Env 6-LISDPY-11 and 67-WNTYHW-72 sites of the mature gp135 amino acid sequence. The first epitope fell into the N-terminal immunogenic aa1-EDYTLISDPYGFS- aa14 site identified previously with a synthetic peptide approach; the second epitope has not been described previously. The first epitope is mostly conserved across CAEV isolates whereas the second newly described epitope is extremely conserved in Small Ruminant Lentiviruses env sequences. As being immunodominant, the epitopes are candidate targets for mimotope-mediated diagnosis and/or neutralization.  相似文献   

Diagnostic needle arthroscopy of the tarsocrural joint in standing sedated horses     

Dimitri T. N. Kadic MVM  Alvaro G. Bonilla DVM  MSc  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(3):445-454

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Needle arthroscopy of the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints in standing sedated horses     

Dimitri T. N. Kadic MVM  Ludovic Miagkoff DVM  Alvaro G. Bonilla DVM  MSc  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):894-904

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Browning in Annona cherimola fruit: role of polyphenol oxidase and characterization of a coding sequence of the enzyme     

Prieto H  Utz D  Castro A  Aguirre C  González-Agüero M  Valdés H  Cifuentes N  Defilippi BG  Zamora P  Zúñiga G  Campos-Vargas R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9208-9218

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Creating an Earth Atmospheric Trust     

Barnes P  Costanza R  Hawken P  Orr D  Ostrom E  Umaña A  Young O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5864):724

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The sediment budget of a large river regulated by dams (The lower River Ebro, NE Spain)     

Alvaro Tena  Ramon J. Batalla 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(5):966-980

Purpose

The aim of this work was to develop a comprehensive fluvial suspended sediment budget for a large regulated river, the lower River Ebro (NE Spain).

Materials and methods

The sediment loads of the Ebro mainstem and its main tributaries were estimated from continuous records of water discharge and turbidity (appropriately transformed to suspended sediment concentrations). Records were obtained at ten monitoring sections during the relatively dry 2008–2011 period.

Results and discussion

The sediment load estimated for the River Ebro upstream of the Mequinenza Reservoir is remarkable (i.e. mean suspended load of 0.6?×?10⁶?t?year^?1), despite the fact that the site is already affected by a sediment deficit due to upstream reservoirs. Further downstream, and owing to their humid characteristics, the contribution of the Pyrenean tributaries (Segre and Cinca Rivers) is much larger compared with their Iberian Massif counterparts (Matarranya and Algars Rivers), with sediment loads of 0.49?×?10⁶ and 2,260 t, respectively. The suspended sediment load trapped in the Mequinenza-Ribarroja-Flix Dam Complex for the study period was estimated at 2.3?×?10⁶?t. Below the dams, the sediment load was reduced by 95 % but increased gradually in a downstream direction due to the erosion processes that clear water (i.e. very low sediment concentrations) flood flows exert on the river bed and banks and the episodic contribution from ephemeral tributaries.

Conclusions

Reservoirs have reduced the overall sediment load and the natural variability of flow and sediment transport in the River Ebro. In addition, the sediment budget revealed that floods were not the only drivers of the sediment dynamics in the lower Ebro. For instance, the particular location of the monitoring sections showed that episodic contributions from small tributaries alter the general sediment load of the river during certain torrential events.  相似文献   

Comparison of phenotypic versus marker-assisted background selection for the SUB1 QTL during backcrossing in rice     

Khandakar M. Iftekharuddaula  Muhammad A. Salam  Muhammad A. Newaz  Helal U. Ahmed  Bertrand C. Y. Collard  Endang M. Septiningsih  Darlene L. Sanchez  Alvaro M. Pamplona  David J. Mackill 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):216-222

Marker assisted backcrossing has been used effectively to transfer the submergence tolerance gene SUB1 into popular rice varieties, but the approach can be costly. The selection strategy comprising foreground marker and phenotypic selection was investigated as an alternative. The non-significant correlation coefficients between ranking of phenotypic selection and ranking of background marker selection in BC₂F₁, BC₃F₁ and BC₃F₂ generations indicated inefficiency of phenotypic selection compared to marker-assisted background selection with respect to recovery of the recipient genome. In addition, the introgression size of the chromosome fragment containing SUB1 was approximately 17 Mb, showing the effects of linkage drag. The significant correlation coefficient between rankings of phenotypic selection with the percentage of recipient alleles in the BC₁F₁ generation suggested that background selection could be avoided in this generation to minimize the genotyping cost. The phenotypically selected best plant of the BC₃F₁ generation was selfed and backcross recombinant lines were selected in the resulting BC₃F₄ generation. The selection strategy could be appropriate for the introgression of SUB1 QTL in countries that lack access to high-throughput genotyping facilities.  相似文献   

Structural and environmental characterization of old-growth temperate rainforests of northern Chiloé Island,Chile: Regional and global relevance     

Alvaro G. Gutiérrez  Juan J. Armesto  Juan-Carlos Aravena  Martín Carmona  Natalia V. Carrasco  Duncan A. Christie  María-Paz Peña  Cecilia Pérez  Andreas Huth 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Old-growth forests are ecologically relevant reservoirs of biodiversity and provide valuable and unique ecosystem functions in the landscape. However, what constitutes an old-growth stand is confusing because the definition depends largely on the forest type under study. Despite the ecological importance of old-growth temperate rainforests in southern Chile in comparison to other global forests, no attempts have been made to characterize them as a way to assess their structural variability. Here, we characterized old-growth stands of Valdivian and North Patagonian rain forest types located in Chiloé Island (Chile, 42°30′S) using inventory data from 23 permanent plots (0.1 ha each) located in rural landscapes and protected areas of northern Chiloé Island. For each stand, its age (average age of the oldest trees present in each stand) and disturbance regimes (evidence of recent human impact, e.g. cuttings or fires, and tree growth rates) were used as defining old-growth criteria. We characterized the structure (tree species richness, size-density distributions, vertical stratification and presence of snags) and floristic composition of each stand. Environmental variables (i.e. temperature, distance to coastline and elevation) were related to stand structure using multivariate constrained correspondence analysis. Old-growth forests were commonly characterized by (a) tree basal areas >80 m²/ha; (b) density of shade-tolerant tree species in the emergent and dominant canopy layer >36%; (c) higher tree species richness (>7 tree species) than successional stands; (d) presence of large canopy emergents (>80 cm dbh, >25 m tall); (e) high vertical heterogeneity; and (f) minimum stand ages older than 200 years. Old-growth forests showed a distinctive structural variability and floristic diversity influenced both by stand age and disturbance history of the stands. Structural variability was also related to environmental differences among sites (e.g. air temperature, distance to coastline, soil types). Old-growth forest features described here can offer a baseline for managers interested in maintaining and restoring old-growth forest structure in southern temperate rain forests.  相似文献   

Hematology of free-living marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) from southeast Brazil.     

Matias Pablo Juan Szabó  Eliana Reiko Matushima  Márcio Botelho de Castro  Danilo Alvaro Santana  Cátia Dejuste de Paula  José Maurício Barbanti Duarte 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(3):463-469

This work reports basic hematologic values of a sample of a population of free-living marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) living by the Paraná River in Southeast Brazil. Hematologic values are presented separately for male, female, and young animals as well as for anesthetized and nonanesthetized cervids. Nonanesthetized deer restrained by physical means had significantly higher erythrocyte indices and total leukocyte counts. Comparisons of blood parameters of anesthetized animals of different ages and gender differed slightly, with only two significant differences observed: young animals had significantly higher red blood cell counts than adult males and a lower blood total protein content when compared to adult females. Results indicate that two main reference ranges for blood values should be considered for marsh deer, for blood obtained from anesthetized or physically restrained individuals.  相似文献