Target‐site resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri from Argentina          下载免费PDF全文

Alvaro S Larran  Valeria E Palmieri  Valeria E Perotti  Lucas Lieber  Daniel Tuesca  Hugo R Permingeat 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2578-2584

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Analytical innovations in the detection of phenolics in wines     

Russo P  Andreu-Navarro A  Aguilar-Caballos MP  Fernández-Romero JM  Gómez-Hens A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):1858-1865

A liquid chromatographic method with online photometric and luminescent detection for the determination of 18 phenolic compounds in wines is reported. Photometric detection is performed at four wavelengths, namely, 256, 280, 320, and 365 nm, using a diode array detection system. The luminescent detection is achieved by means of a postcolumn derivatization reaction of 10 of these compounds with terbium(III) in the presence of synergistic agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and n-octyltriphosphine oxide (TOPO). A micellar medium provided by the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 was used for the determination of the luminescent chelates at lambdaex 317 and lambdaem 545 nm. The long wavelength emission of lanthanide chelates can minimize interferences from background sample matrix, which usually emit at shorter wavelengths. The analytical features of the photometric and fluorometric methods, such as dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs, detection limits, and precision data, have been obtained. The practical usefulness of the developed methods is demonstrated by the analysis of Spanish and Italian wine samples (red, rosé, oloroso, and white), which were diluted and directly injected into the chromatographic system. The accuracy of both methods was checked by assaying a recovery study, which was performed at three different analyte levels for each type of sample.  相似文献   

Activity of the Antifungal Protein from Aspergillus giganteus Against Botrytis cinerea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moreno AB  Del Pozo AM  Borja M  Segundo BS 《Phytopathology》2003,93(11):1344-1353

ABSTRACT Botrytis blight (gray mold), caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of ornamental plants. In geranium plants, gray mold is responsible for important losses in production. The mold Aspergillus giganteus is known to produce and secrete a basic low-molecular-weight protein, the antifungal protein (AFP). Here, the antifungal properties of the Aspergillus AFP against various B. cinerea isolates obtained from naturally infected geranium plants were investigated. AFP strongly inhibited mycelial growth as well as conidial germination of B. cinerea. Microscopic observations of fungal cultures treated with AFP revealed reduced hyphal elongation and swollen hyphal tips. Washout experiments in which B. cinerea was incubated with AFP for different periods of time and then washed away revealed a fungicidal activity of AFP. Application of AFP on geranium plants protected leaves against Botrytis infection. Cecropin A also was active against this pathogen. An additive effect against the fungus was observed when AFP was combined with cecropin A. These results are discussed in relation to the potential of the afp gene to enhance crop protection against B. cinerea diseases.  相似文献   

Adsorption and degradation of thiazopyr in compost‐amended and non‐amended soils     

María D Fernndez  Consuelo Snchez‐Brunete  Alvaro J Rodríguez  Jos L Tadeo 《Pest management science》2001,57(6):560-563

Adsorption and degradation of thiazopyr on two unamended soils and a soil amended annually during 8 years with compost were studied under laboratory conditions and compared with the results obtained on soils amended with fresh sewage sludge compost. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Freundlich equation well and a marked sorption increase was found in amended soils. Degradation data followed first‐order kinetics and thiazopyr had a half‐life of about 75 days at 25 °C and 60% water‐holding capacity of soil. The addition of fresh compost markedly decreased the rate of thiazopyr degradation, whereas the compost mineralised in the field after annual additions had only a small influence. Incubation studies with sterile soils showed a very significant decrease of the degradation rate, indicating that degradation by micro‐organisms was the main pathway of thiazopyr degradation in the soils studied. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Porewater dynamics and the formation of iron sulfides in a mangrove ecosystem,Sepetiba Bay,Brazil     

Aragon  Glauca Torres  Ovalle  Alvaro Ramon Coelho  Carmouze  Jean‐pierre 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1999,3(2):85-93

Porewater dynamics and the formation of iron sulfides were studied in the Brazilian mangrove. Porewater samples were collected during tidal cycles using in situ equipment and physical–chemical and chemical data were obtained. The advective transport of porewater by tidal currents was found to be more effective between 0 and 5cm depth than below 15cm. The diffusive input of atmospheric oxygen during low tides resulted in oxidation of porewater dissolved sulfides. Thermodynamic considerations identified pyrite as the main iron sulfide forming at this depth, and the amorphous iron hydroxides are probably the main iron source. Below 15cm depth, irregular root distribution underground and benthic faunal bioturbation caused considerable spatial variation in a small scale (20cm). The correlation between alkalinity and total dissolved sulfide suggests that the main pathway for organic matter decomposition is sulfate reduction. Formed in the highly sulfidic diagenetic zone, the dissolved iron went through iron sulfide formation process. Crystalline iron oxides like hematite and magnetite may constitute an important iron source below 15cm, whereas pyrite is still the most probably occurring iron sulfide, according to thermodynamic considerations.  相似文献   

Comminuted fracture of the accessory carpal bone removed via an arthroscopic-assisted arthrotomy     

Alvaro G. Bonilla  Elizabeth M. Santschi 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(2):157-161

A 16-year-old American paint horse gelding was presented for evaluation of a left forelimb lameness grade III/V. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed a comminuted fracture of the accessory carpal bone involving the entire articulation with the distal radius and the proximal aspect of the articulation with the ulnar carpal bone. Multiple fragments were present in the palmar pouch of the antebrachiocarpal joint. An arthroscopic-assisted open approach was necessary to remove all fractured fragments. Subsequently the horse was re-admitted for lameness and was treated successfully with antibiotics and long-term supportive bandaging.  相似文献   

Lead and Cadmium in Soils of La Rioja Vineyards,Spain     

Alvaro Marín  Marisol Andrades  Victoria Iigo  Raimundo Jimnez‐Ballesta 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1286-1294

Land degradation can be triggered by the abuse of chemicals that damage soil quality. Agriculture is changing the chemical and physical properties of soils, and in vineyards, those changes are due to the use of pesticides. In order to assess the Pb and Cd content, 212 soil samples from La Rioja D.O.Ca were analysed. Concentrations of Pb in soil ranged from 0·96 to 64·31 mg kg⁻¹ with a mean concentration of 21·26 mg kg⁻¹ in the surface layer, while they ranged from 7·97–43·93 mg kg⁻¹ with a mean of 20·83 mg kg⁻¹ in the subsurface layer. The mean content of bioavailable lead was 1·03 mg kg⁻¹ in the surface layer and 0·76 mg kg⁻¹ in the subsurface. Cd overall average concentration was 0·29 mg kg⁻¹ in the surface; in the subsurface, the mean was 0·31 mg kg⁻¹ and ranged from 0·10 to 1·22 mg kg⁻¹. The values in the surface layers were 0·15 mg kg⁻¹ and in the subsurface layer 0·01 of Cd bioavailability. On the basis of pedogeochemical Pb and Cd distribution, balanced fertilization will be of great importance for sustainable development of agricultural wine‐producers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A kinetic study of p-cresol oxidation by quince fruit polyphenol oxidase     

Orenes-Piñero E  García-Carmona F  Sánchez-Ferrer A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1196-1200

The monophenolase activity of quince pulp polyphenol oxidase was characterized by extracting samples using a combination of a two-phase partition step in Triton X-114, followed by a PEG 8000/phosphate partition step, and a final ammonium sulfate fractionation between 30 and 75%. The purification method avoids the loss of cresolase activity described in another quince pulp polyphenol oxidase. The activity was characterized by a lag period, whose duration depended on the substrate concentration, the pH, and the presence of catalytic amounts of o-diphenol. By increasing the concentration of o-diphenols, it was possible to evaluate the enzyme activation constant, K(act), which showed a value of 4.5 microM for 4-methylcatechol. A general kinetic mechanism for this enzyme is used to explain the loss of activity that normally occurs during quince pulp polyphenol oxidase purification.  相似文献   

Promoting effect of Nano-Se on tobacco growth and reactive oxygen species metabolism     

Yang Liu  Alvaro Sanz-Saez  Xiangyu Meng  Juan Liu  Huaxin Dai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2810-2821

Abstract

Se is beneficial to plants’ growth and it is an essential mineral for animals and humans. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between nano-Se concentrations and plant antioxidant activity. In this work, a pot experiment was carried out using two cultivars of tobacco and increasing nano-Se concentrations. The changes of plant biomass, root growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in tobacco leaves after being sprayed with nano-Se were studied. The results indicated that the growth of tobacco can be promoted by applying nano-Se in an appropriate concentration. In addition, our research proves that there is cultivars variation in the response of tobacco to increased concentrations of nano-Se. The biomass, root growth characteristics, chlorophyll content and N accumulation of E'yan 1 were increased significantly and were the highest at 5.0?mg L^?1 of nano-Se. On the other hand, the above mentioned indicators for K326 reached the maximum value at 2.5?mg L^?1 and decreased at 5.0?mg L^?1 of nano-Se. The antioxidant enzymes activity were increased by the application of nano-Se, however cultivars variation was detected. The application of nano-Se reduced the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ROS at 5.0?mg L^?1 for both cultivars. This study confirms that nano-Se affects positively the growth and oxidative status of tobacco plants. However, this study points out that more research is needed to understand the interaction phenomena observed here between tobacco cultivars and concentrations specifically for the anti-oxidant status of the plant.  相似文献   

Compositional dynamics of suspended sediment in the Rhine River: sources and controls     

van der Perk  Marcel  Vilches  Alvaro Espinoza 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(3):1754-1770

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Information on the geochemical composition of suspended sediments in rivers is crucial to identify sediment source type or area. In large river basins, however, the...  相似文献