Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in the metacarpophalangeal joint after standing intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses     

Alvaro G. Bonilla  Lisa Causeret  Albert Torrent-Crosa 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(9):975

This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur after intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP). Six horses were involved in 3 IVRLP sessions. For each session, operators with varying clinical experience placed the tourniquet. A wide-rubber tourniquet was applied in the antebrachium as 2 g of ceftiofur in a total volume of 100 mL was injected into the cephalic vein. Plasma and metacarpophalangeal synovial fluid samples were obtained to evaluate perfusate leakage and synovial fluid concentrations of ceftiofur over 24 h. Overall, mean plasma concentrations were not significantly different before and after tourniquet removal. Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations were significantly higher 5 min and 8 h after tourniquet removal versus 24 h, after which values above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1 μg/mL) were not detected. Concentrations above the MIC were detected in 72% and 50% of the horses at 5 min and 8 h, respectively. Overall, higher synovial fluid concentrations were obtained for the operator with the most recent clinical experience performing IVRLP.  相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism     

Paula García San José  Carolina Arenas Bermejo  Irene Clares Moral  Pedro Cuesta Alvaro  María Dolores Pérez Alenza 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1768-1778

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Changes in fertilization medium viscosity using hyaluronic acid impact bull sperm motility and acrosome status     

Aldcejam Martins da Fonseca Junior  Vincenzo Gaita  Daniel Ricardo Argumedo  Leticia Signori de Castro  João Diego de Agostini Losano  Roberta Ferreira Leite  Marcilio Nichi  Mayra Elena Ortiz d’Ávila Assumpção  Daniele Ribeiro de Araújo  Antonio Alvaro Ranha Neves  Marcella Pecora Milazzotto 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(8):974-983

The female reproductive tract, in particular the composition of the uterine and oviduct fluids, is responsible, at least in part, for triggering sperm cell modifications, essential for the acquisition of fertilization ability. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan present in these fluids, and its role in the fertilization process and sperm functionality is still barely understood. This work was designed to (a) determine the rheological characteristics of the fertilization medium by the addition of HA and (b) determine the HA influence on sperm motility and functional status. To that end, the in vitro fertilization medium was supplemented with 4 doses of HA (6, 60, 600 and 6,000 µg/ml) and analysed for viscosity and adhesion strength characteristics. Then, thawed semen from 6 bulls were incubated in these media and assessed at 4 different moments for morphological and functional parameters (plasma and acrosomal membrane integrities, mitochondrial membrane potential, capacitation, acrosomal reaction, and motility). The rheological evaluation showed that the addition of HA was able to increase both the viscosity and the adhesion strength of the fertilization medium, especially in the 6,000 µg/ml group in which the effect was more pronounced. No influence of HA could be observed on mitochondrial potential, and acrosomal and plasma membrane integrities. However, HA supplementation, at lower doses, led to an increase in the number of reacted sperm, as well as changes in motility parameters, with increase in the number of motile, rapid and progressive spermatozoa. In conclusion, the addition of HA alters the rheological properties of the fertilization medium and leads to the improvement of the properties related to sperm motility and capacitation, without compromising other functional aspects of the cell.  相似文献   

Ex Vivo Equine Medial Tibial Plateau Contact Pressure With an Intact Medial Femoral Condyle,With a Medial Femoral Condylar Defect,and After Placement of a Transcondylar Screw Through the Condylar Defect          下载免费PDF全文

Alvaro G. Bonilla DVM  MS  Jarred M. Williams DVM  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Alan S. Litsky MD  ScD  Elizabeth M. Santschi DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(3):289-296

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Genetic diversity of westerwold ryegrass landraces collected in Northwest Spain     

Jose´ Alberto Oliveira  Ruth Lindner  Rezar Bregu  Alvaro García  Antonio Gonza´lez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(5):479-487

Sixteen landraces of westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum Wittm.) collected in Northwest Spain were evaluated at three locations: Mabegondo (La Corun~a), Puebla de Brollo´n (Lugo) and Salcedo (Pontevedra). Populations showed a high variability for morphologic, agronomic and isoenzimatic traits. Principal component analysis was carried out to identify clusters of morphologic and agronomic homogeneous behaviour. A hierarchical clustering method on the first five components was used to separate the different groups. A partition into four clusters was chosen (71% of variance explained). Each cluster was described by the means of the different traits and compared with the other clusters. Landraces were screened for allozyme diversity at nine loci. Population genetic statistics were higher than those previously reported for other outbreeding species (mean number of alleles = 3.59 and mean expected heterozygosity = 0.510). Genetic diversity was mainly explained by the within population component. The between population differentiation only accounted for 8% of the whole diversity. The use of these genetic resources is discussed.  相似文献   

Partial purification of latent persimmon fruit polyphenol oxidase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Núñez-Delicado E  Sojo MM  García-Carmona F  Sánchez-Ferrer A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):2058-2063

Persimmon fruit polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was partially purified using a combination of phase partitioning with Triton X-114 and ammonium sulfate fractionation between 50 and 75%. The enzyme, which showed both monophenolase and diphenolase activities, was partially purified in a latent form and could be optimally activated by the presence of 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an optimum pH of 5.5. In the absence of SDS, the enzyme showed maximum activity at acid pH. SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a single band when L-DOPA was used as substrate. The apparent kinetic parameters of the latent enzyme were determined at pH 5.5, the V(m) value being 15 times higher in the presence of SDS than in its absence, whereas the K(M) was the same in both cases, with a value of 0.68 mM. The effect of several inhibitors was studied, tropolone being the most active with a K(i) value of 0.45 microM. In addition, the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied, and the complexation constant (K(c)) between 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) and CDs was calculated using an enzymatic method. The value obtained for K(c) was 15580 M(-1).  相似文献   

Effects of Two Energy-Restricted Diets Containing Different Fruit Amounts on Body Weight Loss and Macronutrient Oxidation     

Rodríguez MC  Parra MD  Marques-Lopes I  De Morentin BE  González A  Martínez JA 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2005,60(4):219-224

The consumption of specific foods in energy-restricted diets may affect the weight loss process. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether obese women following two hypocaloric diets with distinct fruit content differ in weight loss and metabolic responses. Fifteen obese women were included, who were randomly assigned to follow a low or a high-fruit energy-restricted diet for 8 weeks. The main outcome variables were weight and fat losses. Metabolic measurements concerning macronutrient oxidation were also assessed by using ¹³C labelled fructose and indirect calorimetry. The induced weight loss was similar for both diets (6.9 ± 2% vs. 6.6 ± 2%, p = 0.785). Both experimental diets similarly improved the lipid plasma profile in the participants, but the cholesterol fall was higher in obese subjects receiving the diet containing more fruit. No statistical differences in lipids carbohydrates and ¹³C labelled fructose utilisation were observed, but protein oxidation was differently affected by the experimental diets. The compensatory effects of the associated fibre/fructose intake may explain the lack of a specific effect of the fruit amount on hypocaloric diets designed to weight loss, although the increased fibre content from enriched fruit diets may be involved in the favourable effects on cholesterol plasma levels.  相似文献   

Glycoalkaloids of Solanum commersonii Dun. ex Poir     

Alvaro Vázquez  Gabriel González  Fernando Ferreira  Patrick Moyna  Lennart Kenne 《Euphytica》1997,95(2):195-201

Five glycoalkaloids were identified from the aerial parts of wild Solanum commersonii Dun. ex Poir growing in Uruguay and their structures elucidated mainly by chemical and spectroscopic methods. In addition to the already known commersonine, demissine, tomatine and dehydrocommersonine, a new glycoalkaloid, identified as δ₅-demissine, solanid -5-en-3-O- {β-D-Glcp-(1→2)-[β-D-Xylp-(1→3) ]β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Galp } was found. Tomatine and dehydrocommersonine have not been reported earlier as components of this plant. The glycoalkaloid composition found in the wild plants studied differ significatively from those described earlier, and have some implications in taxonomy and its use in potato breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

New techniques for an old disease: sarcoptic mange in the Iberian wolf     

Oleaga A  Casais R  Balseiro A  Espí A  Llaneza L  Hartasánchez A  Gortázar C 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):255-266

Sarcoptic mange, a parasitic skin infection caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in over 100 mammals, including humans. In endangered species, mange causes conservation concerns because it may decimate isolated populations and contribute to extinction. The Iberian Peninsula still maintains one of the largest wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe. In Iberia, sarcoptic mange is endemic in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and the first confirmed wolf mange cases were recently reported. However, knowledge on S. scabiei in wolves is scarce because of the sampling difficulties inherent to research on scarce species. In order to describe wolf mange epidemiology and to infer conservation implications, this study combined traditional laboratory techniques with the revision of wolf carcass pictures taken by field biologists and original information obtained by camera trapping. A total of 125 necropsies and 8783 camera-trap days allowed insights into wolf mange epidemiology between 2003 and 2010. Living Sarcoptes mites were detected in 19% of the fresh carcasses. Alopecic (delayed) type IV hypersensitive response reactions were observed, while parakeratotic lesions were infrequent. The number of mites isolated per wolf ranged from 1 to 78, and had a negative correlation with the percentage of alopecic skin. No effect by sex on mange prevalence was found. Yearlings showed a lower probability to present mange-compatible lesions than pups or adults. Wolves with mange-compatible lesions had a lower kidney fat index than apparently healthy ones. ELISA testing of 88 sera yielded an antibody prevalence of 20%. Photo-trapping recorded mange-compatible lesions since 2003 with a peak in 2008. The percentage of wolves with mange-compatible lesions registered in camera-traps during 1 year correlated with the percentage of red foxes with lesions in the previous year. This is the first large survey on sarcoptic mange in the Iberian wolf. Necropsy data, with alopecia as the main feature and a slight effect on body condition, and trends derived from camera trapping coincided in showing a rather low prevalence and an apparently stable situation of the disease and its host, suggesting that this parasite is currently not a major threat for this wolf population. However, more information is needed in order to assess the effect of mange on aspects such as pup survival.  相似文献   

Effect of Pre-Harvest Calcium Sprays on Calcium Concentrations in the Skin and Flesh of Apples     

Jesús Val  Emilio Monge  David Risco  Alvaro Blanco 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1889-1905

During 2004 and 2006, experiments were conducted that measured the absorption of calcium (Ca) by the fruit and assessed the effects of Ca sprays on the skin and flesh of apples. Frequent (1 spray/month for 2 or 4 months) Ca treatments increased the concentration of Ca in the skin, but not in the flesh of fruit, and several sprays were needed to promote a prolonged increase in the concentration of Ca in the skin. Calcium sprays did not influence the concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K). Foliar analyses confirmed the absorption of topical Ca by the apple tree following the Ca sprays as the concentration of Ca in leaves increased.  相似文献