Early Embryonic Development of the Camel Lumbar Spinal Cord Segment     

M. E. Abd Elmonem  S. A. Mohamed    K. H. Aly 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):1-2

The lumbar spinal cord segment of the camel embryo at CVRL 2.4 to 28 cm was examined. Major changes are occurring in the organization of the lumbar spinal cord segments during this early developmental period. At the CVRL 2.4, 2.7 and 3.6 cm the three primary layers, ependymal cells layer, mantle cells layer, marginal cells layer in the developing lumber spinal cord segment were demonstrated. The mantle layer is the first to show striking differentiation, while the marginal layer is represented by thin outer rim. Proliferation and differentiation of the neuroepithelial cells in the developing spinal cord produce the thick lateral walls, thin roof and floor plates. The spinal ganglion and dorsal root of the spinal nerve are differentiated. At 2.7 cm CVRL differential thickening of the lateral walls produces a shallow longitudinal groove called sulcus limitans , which separates the dorsal part (alar plate) from ventral part (basal plate). The ventral root of the spinal nerve, the spinal cord and ganglion are embedded in loose mesenchyme, which tends to differentiate into spinal meninges. At 3.6 cm CVRL the basal plate, which is the future ventral gray horn, seem to be quite voluminous and the dorsal and ventral roots unite to form the beginning of the spinal nerve. At 5.5 cm CVRL the alar plates enlarge forming the dorsal septum. At 8.4 cm to 10.5 cm CVRL the basal plates enlarge, and bulge ventrally on each side of the midline producing the future ventral medium fissure, and the white and gray matters can be recognized. At 28 cm CVRL the lumen of the spinal cord is differentiated into the central canal bounded dorsally and ventrally by dorsal and ventral gray commissures, and therefore the gray matter takes the appearance of a butterfly.The lumber spinal nerve and their roots are well distinguished.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical expression of calretinin in canine testicular tumours and normal canine testicular tissue     

Radi ZA  Miller DL 《Research in veterinary science》2005,79(2):125-129

Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein expressed abundantly in the central and peripheral neural tissues. It has been demonstrated to be a valuable marker in human testicular neoplasia. The immunohistochemical expression of calretinin has been studied in 102 samples of normal (n=25) and three different neoplastic canine testicular tumours (n=77). In normal canine testis, calretinin expression was restricted to Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testis. In tumour tissues, calretinin expression was detected in all tumours investigated (interstitial cell tumours, seminoma, and Sertoli cell tumours), with a cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern of cellular distribution. The present work reports, for the first time, calretinin immunohistochemical expression in normal and neoplastic canine testis.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens in turkey respiratory tissues     

Radi ZA  Trampel DW  Smith BS  Rosenbusch RF  Goll F 《Avian diseases》2000,44(2):399-407

An avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase diagnostic test was developed to facilitate rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in respiratory tissues of turkeys. This procedure used polyclonal primary antibodies produced in rabbits. Turkeys were inoculated into the infraorbital sinus and trachea with the R strain of M. gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, or Frey's media. The outer walls of the infraorbital sinuses, lungs, and tracheas were collected and fixed in either 10% neutral formalin or pentanedial methyl glycol at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk postinoculation. Tissues were subdivided and remained in each fixative for 6 or 24 hr. The avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase diagnostic test was sufficiently sensitive to detect M. gallisepticum antigen at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk postinoculation. Staining of M. gallisepticum was significantly more intense on infraorbital sinus epithelium than on respiratory epithelium from the trachea or lung. Statistical analysis indicated that the 6-hr fixation time offered better antigen preservation than 24 hr in a fixative. There was no difference in intensity of M. gallisepticum antigen staining in tissues fixed in methyl pentanedial glycol when compared with tissues fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Significant differences in staining intensity were observed between weeks. Specificity of the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase test was not complete. None of the tissues from the M. meleagridis and control groups showed staining. No staining was observed in the ciliated brush border of infraorbital sinus epithelial cells from turkeys infected with M. synoviae. However, weak to moderate staining was observed in several tracheas of turkeys inoculated with M. synoviae. Improved specificity of an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase diagnostic test to detect M. gallisepticum in respiratory tissues of turkeys probably will require the use of multiple monoclonal antibodies directed against several different epitopes specific to the cell membrane of M. gallisepticum.  相似文献   

Spread and control of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in gladiolus     

R. Aly  Adina Stein  S. Levy  B. Raccah  G. Loebenstein 《Phytoparasitica》1986,14(3):205-217

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and bean yellow mosaic virus are the most prevalent viruses in gladiolus fields in Israel. Factors affecting infection were studied, as a basis for the buildup of virus-tested propagation material. Marked differences in the susceptibility of gladiolus cultivars to aphid-borne infection were observed, both in field experiments and in test aphid inoculations. Cultivars ‘Euro-vision’ and ‘Trader Horn’ were resistant, while ‘Peter Pears’ and ‘Commando’ were highly susceptible. The aphid that landed most frequently on gladiolus wasMacrosiphum euphorbiae. In test inoculationsM. euphorbiae andAphis gossypii efficiently transmitted CMV from gladiolus to gladiolus, but did not transmit CMV from four other source plants. In field experiments, only those gladioli planted close to infected gladiolus sources became infected. Oil sprays in combination with coarse nets controlled CMV infection in the field efficiently.  相似文献   

Survey of endogenous virus and TVB* receptor status of commercial chicken stocks supplying specific-pathogen-free eggs     

Hunt H  Fadly A  Silva R  Zhang H 《Avian diseases》2008,52(3):433-440

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Prunus spp. intoxication in ruminants: a case in a goat and diagnosis by identification of leaf fragments in rumen contents.     

Zaher A Radi  Eloise L Styer  Larry J Thompson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(6):593-599

Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry) intoxication was diagnosed on postmortem examination of a goat. The clinical signs were weakness, depression, seizure-like activity, and lateral recumbency. Natural cases of black cherry intoxication have not been reported in goats in the United States. In the absence of a history of access to black cherry or the ability to detect cyanide or cyanogenic glycosides in blood or tissues, black cherry intoxication may be diagnosed in ruminants by the identification of black cherry leaves in rumen contents. Three distinctive features facilitate identification of black cherry leaves or leaf fragments: 1) a pair of small glands that protrude from the sides of the petiole just below the base of the blade, 2) incurved, gland-tipped (callous) teeth along the margins of the leaf, and 3) a band of hairs to each side of the lower half of the midvein on the surface of the leaf. Shape of the marginal teeth, presence or absence of glands at the tips of these teeth, the morphology of these glands, and presence or absence of petiolar glands and their morphology may allow identification and differentiation of small fragments of leaves from the 6 most important cyanogenic Prunus spp. in eastern North America: black cherry, Carolina laurel cherry, peach, English laurel cherry, choke cherry, and fire cherry.  相似文献   

Surgical and oncologic outcomes in dogs with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from the brachial or lumbosacral plexus     

Rebecca Stokes  Brandan G. Wustefeld-Janssens  Whitney Hinson  Dominique J. Wiener  Danielle Hollenbeck  Judith Bertran  Megan Mickelson  Carolyn L. Chen  Laura Selmic  Ali Aly  Galina Hayes 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(4):739-747

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) of a plexus nerve or nerve root cause significant morbidity and present a treatment challenge. The surgical approach can be complex and information is lacking on outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe surgical complication rates and oncologic outcomes for canine MPNST of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Dogs treated for a naïve MPNST with amputation/hemipelvectomy with or without a laminectomy were retrospectively analysed. Oncologic outcomes were disease free interval (DFI), overall survival (OS), and 1- and 2-year survival rates. Thirty dogs were included. The surgery performed was amputation alone in 17 cases (57%), and amputation/hemipelvectomy with laminectomy in 13 cases (43%). Four dogs (13%) had an intraoperative complication, while 11 dogs (37%) had postoperative complications. Histologic margins were reported as R0 in 12 dogs (40%), R1 in 12 dogs (40%), and R2 in five dogs (17%). No association was found between histologic grade and margin nor extent of surgical approach and margin. Thirteen dogs (46%) had recurrence. The median DFI was 511 days (95% CI: 140–882 days). The median disease specific OST was 570 days (95% CI: 467–673 days) with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 82% and 22% respectively. No variables were significantly associated with recurrence, DFI, or disease specific OST. These data show surgical treatment of plexus MPNST was associated with a high intra- and postoperative complication rate but relatively good disease outcomes. This information can guide clinicians in surgical risk management and owner communication regarding realistic outcomes and complications.  相似文献   

Development of a polymerase chain reaction to differentiate avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups: detection of an ALV contaminant in commercial Marek's disease vaccines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Silva RF  Fadly AM  Taylor SP 《Avian diseases》2007,51(3):663-667

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) are common in many poultry flocks and can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or any other test designed to identify p27, the group-specific antigen located in gag. However, endogenous retroviruses expressing p27 are often present and can be confused with exogenous ALVs. A more specific and informative assay involves targeting the variable envelope glycoprotein gene (gp85) that is the basis for dividing ALVs into their different subgroups. We designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that would specifically detect and amplify viruses from each of the six ALV subgroups: A, B, C, D, E, and J. Subgroup B and D envelopes are related, and our B-specific primers also amplified subgroup D viruses. We also designed a set of common primers to amplify any ALV subgroup virus. To demonstrate the usefulness of these primers, we obtained from the Center for Veterinary Biologics in Iowa culture supernatant from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with an ALV that was found to be a contaminant in two commercial Marek's disease vaccines. Using our PCR primers, we demonstrate that the contaminant was a subgroup A ALV. We cloned and sequenced a portion of the envelope gene and confirmed that the ALV was a subgroup A virus. Unlike typical subgroup A viruses, the contaminant ALV grew very slowly in cell culture. We also cloned and sequenced a portion of the long terminal repeat (LTR) from the contaminant virus. The LTR was found to be similar to those LTRs found in endogenous ALVs (subgroup E) and very dissimilar to LTRs normally found in subgroup A viruses. The E-like LTR probably explains why the contaminant grew so poorly in cell culture.  相似文献   

Efficacy of spheroplastic and cell-wall competent vaccines for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in experimentally-challenged baby goats     

Hines ME  Stiver S  Giri D  Whittington L  Watson C  Johnson J  Musgrove J  Pence M  Hurley D  Baldwin C  Gardner IA  Aly S 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):261-283

A Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) vaccine that reduced the incidence of clinical disease or reduced fecal shedding of MAP would aid control of Johne's disease (JD). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of four MAP vaccine combinations, including cell-wall competent (CWC) alum adjuvant, CWC-QS21 adjuvant, cell-wall deficient (CWD) alum adjuvant and CWD-QS21 adjuvant vaccines. Eighty baby goats were vaccinated at 1 and 4 weeks of age with one of these vaccines or a sham control vaccine consisting of alum adjuvant. Kids were challenged orally with approximately 6.0 × 10⁹ organisms in four divided doses of 1.5 × 10⁹ organisms using a goat isolate of MAP. Vaccinated challenged and challenged control groups had 10 and 6 kids per group, respectively. Half of the kids within each group were necropsied at either 6 or 9 months post-challenge. Gross and microscopic lesions and relative number of acid-fast bacilli were evaluated and scored at necropsy. Results indicated all challenged kids had some lesions compatible with JD suggesting none of the vaccines prevented infection. Three vaccines (CWC-alum, CWC-QS21 and CWD-QS21) reduced lesion scores by 46–51% at 9 months. CWD-alum vaccine resulted in a more severe (+33.5%) lesion score than sham-vaccinated challenged control. Lesion scores were greater at 9 months than at 6 months post-challenge in the sham-vaccinated challenged group and CWD-alum vaccinated group, while lesion scores were generally stable with remaining vaccines. Mean fecal CFU/g were significantly different across time from challenge to 9-month necropsy (p = 0.043) and the CWC-QS21 vaccine group had a marked reduction in fecal CFU/g at all time points post-challenge. A reduction in MAP CFU/g was also detected in necropsy tissues from kids given the CWC-alum, CWC-QS21 and CWD-QS21 vaccines, and increased CFU/g were detected in tissues from kids given the CWD-alum vaccine. Immunological tests evaluated included, humoral response evaluation by AGID, ELISA and Western blot, and cell mediated response by comparative PPD skin testing (M. avium, Old Johnin, M. bovis and Lot 2 Johnin PPD's), and production of MAP induced γ-interferon. Vaccination also resulted in false-positive PPD skin test reactions for M. avium PPD, Old Johnin PPD and γ-interferon tests. When a 2-mm cutoff above normal skin thickness was used to define positive skin test reactions, false-positive reactions for M. bovis were detected in only 2 of 32 kids given a vaccine with QS21 adjuvant.  相似文献   

Influence of plant leaf surface on the development,reproduction and life table parameters of the predacious mite, Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae)     

S.A. Saber  Aly H. Rasmy 《Crop Protection》2010

The influence of leaf surfaces of different host plants on the biology and life table parameters of the predacious mite, Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez was studied in the laboratory. A. exsertus successfully developed and reproduced on all tested plant leaves. Smooth, glabrous pear leaves accelerated the development of A. exsertus and showed the shortest mean generation time. Slightly rough, slightly hairy leaves of mulberry and acalypha were the most suitable surface for oviposition of the predator. These leaves exhibited the highest fecundity and net reproductive rate. On the other hand, leaves of rough, pubescent apple and scabrous, bristly lantana were the least suitable surface for oviposition of A. exsertus. They showed the lowest fecundity and net reproductive rate. Acalypha leaves exhibited the highest intrinsic rate of increase for the predator, whereas lantana leaves showed the lowest value. This difference in the predator response to leaf surfaces of host plants should be considered to enhance the role of the predator in biological control programs.  相似文献