Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat immune‐mediated skin disease in 14 dogs – a retrospective evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda L. Ackermann  Elizabeth R. May  Linda A. Frank 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(2):195-e44

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Patterns of change in body condition in wintering Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds in shaded plantations in the Andes     

Gabriel J. Colorado Z.  Amanda D. Rodewald 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(6):1129-1137

Despite the widely accepted idea that shaded plantations are valuable habitats for Neotropical migrants in disturbed landscapes, little empirical evidence is available in relation to the quality of this habitat for Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds in the Andes. We evaluated the suitability of shaded plantations for overwintering Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds by examining diurnal and seasonal variation in body condition of migrants in these agroforests in the Andes. During October to April 2008–2009 and 2009–2010, we mist-netted eight species of Neotropical-Nearctic migrants in shaded plantations in the Colombian Andes. Body condition improved throughout the day for Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca), Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina), and especially Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis). Similarly, body condition improved across the season for Tennessee Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus), and Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra). Our results provided additional evidence that several common Neotropical migrants, including species of conservation concern such as Cerulean Warbler and Canada Warbler, may improve their body condition in shaded plantations. However, about half of the species assessed in this study did not show any significant improvement in their body condition (e.g. Red-eyed Vireo). Furthermore, on average, species were in poor condition (i.e. body condition scores were negative) in these coffee farms. Thus, the extent to which this agricultural system represents high quality habitat should be looked with caution. Overall, our data contribute novel information on daily patterns of body condition improvement for several common migratory birds in Andean shaded plantations.  相似文献   

Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour     

Amanda B. Dias  Carmen M.O. MüllerFábio D.S. Larotonda  João B. Laurindo 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Rice flour is a starchy material with low-cost, because it can be produced from rice that is broken during processing. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour, and to characterize their physicochemical, microscopic and mechanical properties. Films from rice starch and rice flour were prepared by casting, with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizer. SEM analysis of starch and flour films revealed compact structures. Rice flour films prepared in the present work have similar mechanical properties to those of starch based films. However, their water vapor permeabilities are two times higher than those of starch based films. Films with sorbitol were less permeable to water and more rigid, while films with glycerol are more plasticized and have poorer water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, preparing edible films from rice flour is a new alternative for using this raw material, which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics, protein binding, and tissue distribution of orally administered cefpodoxime proxetil and cephalexin in dogs     

Papich MG  Davis JL  Floerchinger AM 《American journal of veterinary research》2010,71(12):1484-1491

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Feline toxicological emergencies: when to suspect and what to do     

Grave TW  Boag AK 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(11):849-860

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Confirmed or suspected intoxications with a wide variety of agents represent a small but important group of feline emergency cases. Generally it is thought that toxicities are less common in cats compared with dogs, with a higher proportion relating to dermal as opposed to oral exposure. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Once toxicity is suspected or diagnosed, it must be recognised that treatment regimes may need modification compared with those established for dogs. Different drugs or different dosages may be warranted and the choice of available drugs may be reduced. EVIDENCE BASE: This review draws on published studies, case reports and clinical experience to summarise key features of the general management of the intoxicated feline patient before describing some of the more serious and common intoxications in more detail. AUDIENCE: The focus throughout the review is on the peculiarities of feline metabolism and how they may impact on presentation and treatment. The aim is to assist companion animal and feline practitioners, who are in the frontline when it comes to managing these emergency cases.  相似文献   

RESEARCH PAPER: Comparison of an implantable telemetry device and an oscillometric monitor for measurement of blood pressure in anaesthetized and unrestrained green iguanas (Iguana iguana)     

Sathya K Chinnadurai  Ryan DeVoe  Amie Koenig  Nadia Gadsen  Amanda Ardente  Stephen J Divers 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(5):434-439

Objective The objective of this study was to compare an implanted direct blood pressure monitor and a non‐invasive oscillometric unit for use in anesthetized and awake green iguanas. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Four male and four female adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) weighing 1833 ± 534 g. Methods For each animal, the carotid artery was surgically exposed and the catheter tip of the pressure transducer was placed in the aortic arch. Non‐invasive blood pressure was measured using a cuff over the left femoral region. Pulse rate, respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure (ABP) measurements were taken every 5 minutes. Direct ABP measurements consisted of recording numerical values and graphic output. Simultaneous direct and indirect measurements were repeated in awake animals. Results The oscillometric device failed to provide a reading in over 80% of attempts, and failed to provide readings that correlated with direct measurements. The implanted direct transducer was capable of detecting blood pressures throughout all ABP ranges examined. Conclusions The implantable transducer was a reliable means of determining blood pressure in this study, while the oscillometric device was unreliable and often failed to provide any reading. Clinical relevance We do not recommend using the oscillometric device as described in a research or clinical setting for green iguanas. The advantages of an implantable device include the ability to monitor awake and anesthetized subjects remotely and continuously. These monitors are small, biocompatible and function across a wide range of ABP.  相似文献   

Ten-year regeneration responses to varying levels of overstory retention in two productive southern British Columbia ecosystems     

Teresa A. Newsome  Jean L. Heineman  Amanda F. Linnell Nemec  Philip G. Comeau  André Arsenault  Michaela Waterhouse 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

We investigated survival and growth responses of planted and advance natural regeneration species of varying shade tolerance to partial retention harvesting in moist warm Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICHmw2) and dry cool Montane Spruce (MSdk) ecosystems of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Treatments included three levels of overstory basal area retention (none, light (∼25%), or heavy (∼50%)) installed by two harvest methods (handfelled or a pushover falling technique being tested for its ability to control the spread of root disease). After 10 years, growth of both planted and natural regeneration species of varying shade tolerance tended to increase with decreasing overstory retention and associated increases in light availability. In contrast, significant survival responses to retention level were lacking except in the case of shade-intolerant western larch. Harvest method had a variable effect on regeneration survival and growth. Where significant responses did occur, they were generally attributed to harvesting effects on the characteristics of planting microsites rather than root disease spread. Natural regeneration densities at the ICHmw2 site were high at all retention levels, whereas stocking was less consistent at the MSdk site. We concluded that moderately shade-tolerant to shade-tolerant interior spruce and western redcedar can, under conditions similar to those of our study sites, be successfully established under overstories of up to approximately 25 m²/ha basal area, but that growth performance is likely to be significantly lower than in clearcuts. Despite early survival issues, conclusions regarding Douglas-fir were similar. Poorer survival and vigour of shade-intolerant western larch suggested this species is not suitable for regeneration in partial retention systems where timber production is the primary objective. Where non-timber objectives predominate, survival and acceptable growth of even a small proportion of larch could add to the diversity of the regenerating stand.  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon in tree-based intercropping systems in Quebec and Ontario,Canada     

Amanda D. Bambrick  Joann K. Whalen  Robert L. Bradley  Alain Cogliastro  Andrew M. Gordon  Alain Olivier  Naresh V. Thevathasan 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):343-353

Land use affects the carbon sequestration potential of soils across landscapes. Tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems where annual crops are grown between established tree rows are expected to exhibit spatial heterogeneity in the soil organic carbon (SOC) content due to differences in carbon input and decomposition rates of litter from trees and herbaceous plants. This study aimed to quantify variability in the SOC of TBI systems, compare the SOC content of TBI and nearby conventional agroecosystems, and determine if SOC was related to soil fertility. The TBI research sites were established 4 years (St. Paulin and St. Edouard, Quebec, Canada), 8 years (St. Remi, Quebec, Canada) and 21 years (Guelph, Ontario, Canada) before soil samples were collected for this study. The SOC content was greater within 0.75 m of the tree row than in the intercropped space at the St. Edouard and St. Remi sites. At the Guelph site, the SOC was spatially heterogeneous in plots with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) but not hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra clone DN-177), probably due to litterfall distribution. Formerly a tree plantation, the TBI system at St. Remi contained 77% more SOC than a nearby conventional agroecosystem, while there was 12% more SOC in the TBI system than the conventional agroecosystem at Guelph. There was no difference in the SOC content of 4-year old TBI sites and nearby conventional agroecosystems. However, an increase in SOC at all TBI sites was positively related to the plant-available N concentrations, indicating the benefit of temperate TBI systems for soil fertility.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a web-based, pictorial diet history questionnaire     

Beasley JM  Davis A  Riley WT 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(5):651-659

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Wetlands, carbon, and climate change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

William J. Mitsch  Blanca Bernal  Amanda M. Nahlik  Ülo Mander  Li Zhang  Christopher J. Anderson  Sven E. Jørgensen  Hans Brix 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(4):583-597

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.  相似文献