Agroforestry potential in the southeastern United States: perceptions of landowners and extension professionals   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sarah W. Workman  Michael E. Bannister  P.K.R. Nair 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(1):73-83

The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping, forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio- or home gardens were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry efforts in other similar settings. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tiamulin in broiler chicken as influenced by different routes of administration     

Prabhakaran Vinothini  Srinivasan Ramesh  Venugopalan Sooraj Nair  Srinivasan Palaninathan Preetha  Padmanabhan Sriram 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):447-451

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of tiamulin in broiler chicken were investigated after administration through the crop, drinking water, and feed at 40 mg/kg body weight. Residues of tiamulin in tissues of broiler chicken were also assessed. Plasma and tissue concentrations of tiamulin were analyzed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Plasma concentration–time data were described by the non‐compartmental model for all three routes, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in pharmacokinetic parameters and mean plasma concentrations of tiamulin between three routes tested (crop, water, and feed), indicating equal efficacy. Tiamulin residues in edible tissues (muscles, skin, and fat) were lower than the advocated maximum residue limit (MRL of 0.1 µg/g and that of liver was 1 µg/g) on the 3rd day. No traces were found on the 5th day after drug administration. This indicated that the withdrawal period (less than 5 days) is very short, which makes it safer. This study shows that tiamulin can be used with equal efficacy through all routes of administration in broiler chicken (crop, water, and feed).  相似文献   

Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014‐2018)     

Joy E. Tomlinson  Amit Kapoor  Arvind Kumar  Bud C. Tennant  Melissa A. Laverack  Laurie Beard  Katie Delph  Elizabeth Davis  Harold Schott II  Kara Lascola  Todd C. Holbrook  Philip Johnson  Sandra D. Taylor  Erica McKenzie  Jessica Carter‐Arnold  Emilie Setlakwe  Lisa Fultz  Jeff Brakenhoff  Rebecca Ruby  Sheetal Trivedi  Gerlinde R. Van de Walle  Randall W. Renshaw  Edward J. Dubovi  Thomas J. Divers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):251-257

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Genetic association of polymorphisms in bovine TLR2 and TLR4 genes with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in Indian cattle population     

Kumar  Satish  Kumar  Subodh  Singh  Ran Vir  Chauhan  Anuj  Kumar  Amit  Sulabh  Sourabh  Bharati  Jaya  Singh  Shoor Vir 《Veterinary research communications》2019,43(2):105-114

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition molecules involved in cellular recognition of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the infectious agent causing Paratuberculosis (PTB), a notified disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR2 and TLR4 gene and to evaluate association of these SNPs with occurrence of PTB in Indian cattle. A total of 213 cattle, were subjected to multiple diagnostic tests viz. Johnin PPD, ELISA test (Indigenous and Parachek kit method), fecal microscopy and fecal culture for detection of MAP infection. Based on screening results 51 animals each were assigned to case and control population. Two SNPs viz. rs55617172, rs41830058 in TLR2 gene and two SNPs viz. rs8193046, rs8193060 in TLR4 gene and were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. All SNPs were found to be polymorphic except rs41830058 in the case-control population. Both SNPs in TLR4 gene but none in TLR2 genes were significantly associated with the occurrence of PTB in our population. The genotypes in SNP rs8193046 and SNP rs8193060 were significantly (P?<?0.01) different in case-control population. These findings suggest that SNPs rs8193046 and rs8193060 are likely a potential marker against MAP infection and a selection programme eliminating AG genotype for rs8193046 and CT genotype for rs8193060 might be beneficial in conferring resistance to MAP infection in Indian cattle population.

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Identification of sperm motility markers in bovine transition protein genes     

Yathish Hirenallur Maheshwarappa  Subodh Kumar  Rajni Chaudhary  Chinmoy Mishra  Sivakumar Ayyar  Amit Kumar  Anuj Chauhan  Subrata Kumar Ghosh  Manjit Panigrahi  Abhijit Mitra 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):365-372

Transition proteins (TNPs) are essential in chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis, and hence, they are the candidate genes for identifying sperm motility markers. Coding and in silico predicted promoter regions of these genes were investigated in crossbred and purebred cattle, and also, their mRNA quantification was done to explore its use as a diagnostic tool of infertility. PCR‐SSCP analysis revealed two band patterns in fragment III of TNP1 and fragment II of TNP2 gene. Sequence analysis revealed a deletion of “G” nucleotide in 3′UTR region of TNP1 and C>T SNP in intronic region of TNP2 gene. Least square analysis of variance did not reveal any significant influence of nucleotide deletion on any sperm motility parameters in both crossbred and purebred cattle. However, C>T SNP had a significant effect on initial progressive motility (p < 0.05) in purebred cattle and post‐thaw motility in overall cattle population. RT‐qPCR analysis did not reveal any significant variation in TNP1 and TNP2 gene expression among poorly motile and good quality spermatozoa of Vrindavani bulls.  相似文献   

Coconut kernel protein modifies the effect of coconut oil on serum lipids.     

K G Padmakumaran Nair  T Rajamohan  P A Kurup 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,53(2):133-144

Feeding coconut kernel along with coconut oil in human volunteers has been found to reduce serum total and LDL cholesterol when compared to feeding coconut oil alone. This effect of the kernel was also observed in rats. Since many plant proteins have been reported to exert a cholesterol lowering effect, a study was carried out on the effect of isolated kernel protein in rats. Feeding kernel protein resulted in lower levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the serum and most tissues when compared to casein fed animals. Rats fed kernel protein had (1) increased hepatic degradation of cholesterol to bile acids, (2) increased hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and (3) decreased esterification of free cholesterol. In the intestine, however, cholesterogenesis was decreased. The kernel protein also caused decreased lipogenesis in the liver and intestine. This beneficial effect of the kernel protein is attributed to its very low lysine/arginine ratio 2.13% lysine and 24.5% arginine.  相似文献   

Potential for adoption of Sesbania sesban improved fallows in Zimbabwe: A linear programming-based case study of small-scale farmers     

M. Mudhara  P.E. Hilderbrand  P.K.R. Nair 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(3):307-315

Farmers' adoption of improved technologies is the ultimate measure of the success of any agricultural innovation. In a joint project of the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the Department of Research and Specialist Services of Zimbabwe, the potential for adoption of the improved planted fallow technology using Sesbania sesban was assessed in the Mangwende Communal Area. The study was based on experimental data of maize (Zea mays) yields following 1-, 2- and 3-year improved fallows at Domboshawa Training Center, northern Zimbabwe where the improved fallows were promising. The data indicated that maize yields were higher after S. sesban fallows than after Cajanus cajan and Acacia angustissima fallows. A five-year linear programming model sensitive to the diversity within households was developed to simulate the livelihood system of households in the Mangwende Communal Area. Improved fallows of S. sesban were incorporated into the model to determine the potential for their adoption. Model results indicated that there is potential for the technology to be adopted by 80% of the farmers. According to the model, the new technology on average occupies 60% of the area under maize. Nevertheless, households continue to use fertilizers and cattle manure. One-year improved fallows are planted every other year; three-year improved fallows are also planted. Farmers who adopt the fallow technologies realize an increase in the cash available for discretionary spending. Factors such as composition of the household in terms of fulltime workers, size of the arable land owned by the farmer, and whether the household differentiates activities by gender, determine the adoption of the improved-fallow technology. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Pattern of soil moisture depletion in alley cropping under semiarid conditions in Zambia     

P. W. Chirwa  P. K. R. Nair  P. Nkedi-Kizza 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,26(2):89-99

The pattern of soil moisture changes was studied during a cropping season in an alley cropping experiment of maize withLeucaena leucocephala andFlemingia macrophylla at the SADC/ICRAF Agroforestry Research Station in a semiarid region near Lusaka, Zambia (28°2956 East and 15°2132 South). Soil moisture potential was monitored at regular intervals using tensiometers installed at 15, 30 and 45 cm depths in fertilized and unfertilized alleys within the double hedgerow, and the first, second and third rows of maize in the alleys.Soil moisture moved mostly towards the top horizon during very dry conditions. Alleys that had received a combination of fertilizer and hedgerow prunings depleted more moisture than those that had only hedgerow prunings. There were no differences in moisture utilization pattern between leucaena and flemingia hedgerows. The hedgerows depleted the same amount of moisture as the maize plants. However, during dry conditions, there was a higher soil moisture content under the hedgerows than in maize rows, indicating that there was no apparent competition for moisture between the hedgerows and the maize plants.  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Prashanth D  Asha MK  Amit A 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(2):171-173

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Punica granatum were tested (in vitro) for their antibacterial activity. The methanolic extract was found to be most effective against all tested microorganisms.  相似文献   

Mast cell stabilising activity of Bacopa monnieri     

Samiulla DS  Prashanth D  Amit A 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(3):284-285

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Bacopa monnieri were tested (in vitro) for mast cell stabilising effect. The methanolic fraction exhibited potent activity comparable to disodium cromoglycate, a known mast cell stabiliser.  相似文献