An attempt to control <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cameraria ohridella</Emphasis> using an attract-and-kill technique     

Sukovata L  Czokajlo D  Kolk A  Slusarski S  Jabłoński T 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(2):207-212

This study estimates the efficacy of an attract-and-kill (A&K) technique to control the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), an invasive insect pest of the horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae). The A&K formulation was dispensed as 50 μl droplets of paste-like matrix, containing C. ohridella sex pheromone, (8E,10Z)-tetradeca-8,10-dienal (85% + pure; 0.16% w/w) and a fast acting contact toxicant, pyrocides (94% pure; 6% w/w), applied directly to the bark of the trees. It was tested in 2003 at rates of 30 and 45 droplets/tree at the Ostrobramska site and at rates of 30, 60 and 90 droplets/tree at the Woloska site in Warsaw, Poland, for the first insect generation. A set of untreated plots (0 droplets/tree) was established at each site as well. The treatment efficacy was estimated using two indices: (1) moth catches in pheromone traps and (2) the number of mines per leaf. Trap catches were significantly higher in the untreated plots than in the treated plots regardless of the application rate in all sites. However, there were no significant differences in leaf damage amongst all plots on each site. At the “Lazienki Krolewskie” park the attractiveness of two types of pheromone sources were compared: traps were baited with rubber septum lures or with A&K droplets. The catches of C. ohridella in traps baited with lures were lower than captures in A&K droplet-baited traps, but the difference was not significant. Possible reasons for the low efficacy of the A&K method in management of C. ohridella and reducing leaf damage are discussed.  相似文献   

Geographic distribution and domestication of wild emmer wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum dicoccoides</Emphasis>)     

Hakan Özkan  George Willcox  Andreas Graner  Francesco Salamini  Benjamin Kilian 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(1):11-53

The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture had revolutionary consequences for the development of human societies. Crops such as wheat, barley, lentil, pea and chickpea played a crucial role in the establishment of complex civilizations in south west Asia. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) was one of the first cereals to be domesticated in the Fertile Crescent between c. 12,000 and c. 10,000 years ago. This step provided the key for subsequent bread wheat evolution. Wild emmer is found today in the western Fertile Crescent in Jordan, Syria and Israel, the central part of southeastern Turkey and mountain areas in eastern Iraq and western Iran. In this review, we summarize issues concerning geography and domestication of wild emmer wheat based on published molecular and archaeobotanical data and on our recent findings. We suggest that modern domestic tetraploid wheats derived from wild emmer lines from southeast Turkey. However, our understanding of emmer domestication is not complete. The “dispersed-specific” domestication model proposed for einkorn might well be appropriate also for emmer.  相似文献   

Inheritance of the efficiency of nitrogen uptake and utilization in winter wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) under diverse nutrition levels     

Andrzej?G.?GórnyEmail author  Zofia?Banaszak  Bogumila??ugowska  Dominika?Ratajczak 《Euphytica》2011,177(2):191-206

The effects of contrasting soil nitrogen (N) levels on the inheritance of the efficiency of N uptake and N utilization in grain mass formation were examined in winter wheat. Parents of various origins and their diallel F₂-hybrids were evaluated in field and pot experiments under varying levels of soil N. The range of additive variance in the components of N efficiency was narrow, especially under N shortage. The soil N-treatments imposed had a substantial influence on gene actions responsible for the efficiency components and modes of inheritance. Genotype × nutrition interactions were common. Under high N-fertilization, the efficiency components were inherited in a manner favourable for wheat selection (preponderance of additive effects). However, the enhanced contribution of non-additive gene effects and increased dominance under N-limited conditions could impede wheat selection to improve the N efficiency and adaptation to less luxurious fertilization regimes. Selection methods that eliminate masking non-additive influences and take advantage of the additive variance should be employed to improve these traits.  相似文献   

Logic of the yeast metabolic cycle: temporal compartmentalization of cellular processes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tu BP  Kudlicki A  Rowicka M  McKnight SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5751):1152-1158

Budding yeast grown under continuous, nutrient-limited conditions exhibit robust, highly periodic cycles in the form of respiratory bursts. Microarray studies reveal that over half of the yeast genome is expressed periodically during these metabolic cycles. Genes encoding proteins having a common function exhibit similar temporal expression patterns, and genes specifying functions associated with energy and metabolism tend to be expressed with exceptionally robust periodicity. Essential cellular and metabolic events occur in synchrony with the metabolic cycle, demonstrating that key processes in a simple eukaryotic cell are compartmentalized in time.  相似文献   

Effects of season and dietary ascorbic acid on some biochemical characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen     

Andrzej Ciereszko  Li Liu  Dr. Konrad Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(1):1-10

During the reproductive season, rainbow trout spermatozoa are stored in the sperm ducts for several months. There is no sperm production at this time since spermatogenesis is completed before spawning. To leam more about characteristics of semen during such a long storage, we analyzed changes in protein concentrations, anti-proteinase activity in seminal plasma and sperm aspartate aminotransferase activity during an extended reproductive period during which fish were fed diets supplemented with various ascorbic acid concentrations. Seminal plasma protein concentration and anti-proteinase activity declined toward the end of the reproductive season. These phenomena may be related to oncoming proteolytic events leading to degradation of the sperm. Protein concentrations and anti-proteinase activities were strongly correlated within groups of different ascorbic acid supplementations and several sampling dates (r=0.6–0.9 in most cases, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid deficiency resulted in a decrease in both parameter levels as compared to levels in groups with vitamin C supplement (p<0.08). Deficiency also resulted in lower stimulation of aspartate aminotransferase by an exogenous pyridoxal 5-phosphate in comparison to fish fed vitamin C-supplemented diets (p<0.05). These results support earlier studies suggesting a protective role of ascorbic acid toward maintaining sperm quality.  相似文献   

Changes in commercially exploited populations of tench, Tinca tinca (L.), in littoral zones of lakes of northeastern Poland     

Andrzej Mamcarz  Andrzej Skrzypczak 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):171-177

Commercially exploited tench, Tinca tinca, (L.) populations in 480 lakes in the northeastern Poland were analyzed on the basis of the fishery data from 1949 to 1994. The long-term changes in tench catch were studied in four categories of lakes with respective proportions of littoral zones (<30, 31–60, 61–90 and <90% of total lake area). The analyses were performed with using relative catch (kg ha⁻¹ month⁻¹) of tench. Mean relative catch of tench for 1949–1994 ranged from 0.36 kg ha⁻¹ month⁻¹ in lakes with smallest littoral zone (>30%) to 0.93 kg ha⁻¹ month⁻¹ in lakes with the largest littoral (<90%). Mean relative catch increased with increasing proportions of littoral zones in lakes. However, long-term trends in mean relative catch of tench showed decreasing tendencies in all lakes. The beginning of these tendencies was found about ten years earlier in lakes with smaller littoral (<60%) in comparison to lakes with larger littoral zones (>60%). Mean stocking rates of tench (number of 1-year-old fish per ha of littoral) for 1949–1994 were not significantly different in lakes of studied categories. However, lakes with proportionally less littoral zone had reduced stocking efficiency estimated as number of stocked fish per ha of littoral to require 1 kg ha⁻¹ month⁻¹ of tench.  相似文献   

Using gyroplane for application of Trichogramma spp. against the European corn borer in maize     

Ma&#x;gorzata Bzowska‐Bakalarz  Piotr Bulak  Pawe&#x; K. Bere  Agata Czarnigowska  Jacek Czarnigowski  Bart&#x;omiej Karamon  Micha&#x; Pniak  Andrzej Bieganowski 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):2243-2250

  相似文献   

Nutritional and physicochemical variation in Turkish kabuli chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L.) landraces     

Sertaç Özer  Tolga Karaköy  Faruk Toklu  Faheem S. Baloch  Benjamin Kilian  Hakan Özkan 《Euphytica》2010,175(2):237-249

We examined the physical, physicochemical, and cooking properties of 91 kabuli chickpea landraces from Turkey, using two cultivars (İnci and İzmir-92) as controls. All landraces were grown under the same agroclimatic conditions to eliminate variance caused by genotype × environment interactions. There was high diversity among the landraces in the contents of protein (17.55–23.31%), fat (4.45–6.11%), ash (2.54–3.41%), fiber (2.03–4.18%), starch (41.76–49.07%), moisture (6.39–10.57%), 100-seed weight (25.03–51.67 g), hydration capacity (0.2585–0.6169 g/ml), swelling index (0.7207–1.1859), swelling capacity (0.15–0.32 ml seed⁻¹), cooking time (33–72 min), and seed density (0.8450–1.4800 g/ml). Regional analysis of landraces showed significant differences with respect to nutritional characteristics and cooking parameters. There were also significant relationships between various seed quality and cooking parameters. Together, our results provide an initial step toward identification of chickpea landraces that may be useful for development of high-quality chickpea cultivars.  相似文献   

Impact of diets with different proportions of linseed and sunflower oils on the growth, liver histology, immunological and chemical blood parameters, and proximate composition of pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.)     

Kowalska A  Zakęś Z  Siwicki AK  Jankowska B  Jarmołowicz S  Demska-Zakęś K 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(2):375-388

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of applying different proportions of linseed (LO) and sunflower (SFO) oils in pikeperch diets on growth, histological changes in the liver, immunological and blood chemical parameters. The fish were fed isoenergetic and isoprotein feeds containing SFO (group 100SFO) or LO (group 100LO) in quantities of 67 g kg/feed, and a mixture of oils: 47 g SFO and 20 g LO kg/feed (group 70SFO/30LO) and 20 g SFO and 47 g LO kg/feed (group 30SFO/70LO). Dietary ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-3 and n-6 series (n3/n6 index) were 0.36–2.15. Pikeperch were reared for 56 days in three replicates for each dietary treatment. Various dietary oils and ratios of n3/n6 did not impact fish growth, feed conversion ratio, viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic index, and size of the hepatocytes. Feeding the fish high quantities of LO and SO oils (groups 100LO and 100SFO) reduced the immunological response of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in the fish. Moreover, this resulted in significant differences among groups in the quantity of linolenic and linoleic acid in whole fish bodies, viscera, fillets, and livers. Various quantities of vegetable oils in the fish diets did not impact the quantity of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in the fillets and livers. The immunological index and low quantities of linoleic acid in the fillets obtained in group 30SFO/70LO indicate that the n3/n6 dietary ratio of 1.35 was the most advantageous for feeding juvenile pikeperch feeds with vegetable oils.  相似文献   

Basic properties of grain by-products and their viability in polypropylene composites     

Andrzej K. Bledzki  Abdullah A. Mamun  Noor N. BonniaSahrim Ahmad 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):427-434

The objective was to study the potential of grain by-products (husk) of grains such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L; German name is Weizen) and rice (Oryza sativa) as reinforcements for thermoplastics as an alternative to or in combination with wood fibres. Prior to composites preparation, the chemical components of fibres such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, starch, protein and fat were measured and the surface chemistry and functionality of grain by-products were studied using EDX and FT-IR. Structural constituents (cellulose, starch) were found in wheat husk (W) equal 42%, in rice husk 50% and in soft wood 42%, respectively. Thermal degradation characteristics, the bulk density, water absorption and the solubility index were also investigated. Wheat husk (W) and rice husk were found thermally stable at temperatures as low as 178 °C and 208 °C, respectively. The particle morphology and particle size were investigated using microscopy. Water absorption properties of the fibres were studied to evaluate the viability of these fibres as reinforcements. Polypropylene composites were fabricated using a high speed mixer and an ensuing injection moulding process with 40 wt% fibre. The tensile and Charpy impact strength of the resulting composites were investigated. The tensile elongation at break was found to 75% for wheat husk (W) composites and 23% for rice husk composites better than soft wood composites. Rice husk composites showed 13% better Charpy impact strength than soft wood composites. Due to coupling agent, tensile strength of composites found to improve 25% for soft wood, 35% for wheat husk (W) and 45% for rice husk.  相似文献