Dietary resveratrol improves immunity but reduces reproduction of broodstock medaka <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryzias latipes</Emphasis> (Temminck &amp; Schlegel)     

Agata Kowalska  Andrzej K. Siwicki  Radosław K. Kowalski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(1):27-37

Here, we investigated the effect of dietary resveratrol (20, 40, and 80 µg/g BW/day) on cell-mediated immunity (activity of spleen phagocytes and proliferative response of lymphocytes) and reproductive parameters (egg and sperm quality, i.e. fecundity—total number of eggs produced by individual fish, fertility, embryo survival, and hatching rate) in medaka. Fish fed feed with resveratrol at 40 and 80 µg/g BW/day had significantly higher metabolic activity and intracellular phagocyte killing activity than control. The proliferative lymphocyte activity of the fish from R80 group was greater by more than 20 % in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of macrophages (MO) and their mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) in R40 and R80 groups were significantly higher compared to C and R20 groups (P < 0.05). The differences in MO and MFI values ranged from 52.5 % (±1.5; R0 group) to 65.8 % (±1.6; R80 group) and from 23.2 (±1.4; R0 group) to 38.2 (±2.4; R80 group), respectively. Moreover, resveratrol at 80 µg/g BW/day decreased liver COX activity, i.e. 5.4 in R80 group and 7.9 in R0 group (P < 0.05). The motility parameters of the sperm obtained from the males fed feed supplemented with resveratrol at 80 µg/g BW/day exhibited the highest values except the linearity, which was lower as compared to the control (P < 0.05). The results indicate that diet supplemented with resveratrol at a dosage of 40 µg/g BW/day improves phagocyte killing ability and lymphocyte proliferation in broodstock and accelerates offspring hatch. Also, the results suggest that COX activity influences sperm and oocyte quality in fish; the presence of a COX inhibitor in the dose of 40 µg/g BW/day decreased the embryo survival.  相似文献   

Supplementing the feed of pikeperch [Sander lucioperca (L.)] juveniles with MacroGard and its influence on nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms     

Andrzej K Siwicki  Zdzis&#;aw Zak&#;&#;  El&#;bieta Terech-Majewska  Agata Kowalska  & Joanna Ma&#;aczewska 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(4):405-411

This study examined the influence of β‐1.3/1.6‐glucan (MacroGard) on the innate immune system in healthy pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) juveniles. MacroGard was fed in a pelleted ration of 1 or 2 g kg^?1 feed for 6 weeks. The control group of fish was fed feed with no supplement. Blood, pronephros and spleen samples for the study of nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms were collected from 10 fish from each group. No changes were observed in either the behaviour or the health of the fish throughout the rearing period. Fish mortality was not noted in any of the groups. Additionally, the supplementation of feed with MacroGard did not have a significant impact on the fish growth rate as expressed in both absolute and relative values (P>0.05). The condition of the fish from the experimental group did not differ from that of the control group specimens, and the feed conversion ratios were also very similar (P>0.05). The results showed that MacroGard administered in two doses significantly (P<0.05) activated the metabolic activity and potential killing activity of spleen phagocytes, compared with the control‐fed pikeperch. The highest phagocyte activity was observed with a dose of 2 g kg^?1. The proliferative response of pronephros lymphocytes indicated a similar pattern. MacroGard significantly increased proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens (P<0.05). MacroGard also significantly increased the lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin levels in the serum. In this study neither significantly different ceruloplasmine activity or total protein level in serum were observed. The result showed that MacroGard at the optimal dose of 1 g kg^?1 feed and a twofold higher dose does not have a negative influence on the hepatocytes or increased nonspecific cell‐ and humoral‐mediated immunity in healthy pikeperch.  相似文献   

Growth response of 98 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes to elevated CO2 and identification of related quantitative trait loci using genome‐wide association studies          下载免费PDF全文

Esther Mitterbauer  Matthias Enders  Jürgen Bender  Martin Erbs  Antje Habekuß  Benjamin Kilian  Frank Ordon  Hans‐Joachim Weigel 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):483-497

Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) concentrations can stimulate crop growth, but little is known about intraspecific variability in the response to eCO₂ and the underlying genetics in cereals. Field experiments over two years with 98 barley genotypes were conducted in open‐top chambers (OTCs) under ambient CO₂ (400 ppm) and eCO₂ (700 ppm) concentrations. At crop maturity, different fractions of aboveground biomass (AGB) were measured, and genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL). Averaged across all genotypes, eCO₂ significantly enhanced AGB by 15%, while the increase in culm and ear biomass alone was not significant. The AGB response to eCO₂ of the individual genotypes ranged from c. ?36% to +95% compared with ambient CO₂ (aCO₂), showing a large variability of growth responses. In GWAS, 51 associations between SNP markers and the relative changes (eCO₂/aCO₂) in biomass were detected on different chromosomes. Loci potentially involved in biomass alterations under eCO₂ were identified. The wide range of variability in responses might be exploited by marker‐based breeding for climate‐resilient barley.  相似文献   

Atrazine degradation in soil: effects of adjuvants and a comparison of three mathematical models     

Maria K Swarcewicz  Andrzej Gregorczyk 《Pest management science》2013,69(12):1346-1350

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Sediment imbalances and flooding risk in European deltas and estuaries     

Albert Rovira  Rhoda Ballinger  Carles Ibáñez  Paul Parker  M. Dolores Dominguez  Xavier Simon  Andrzej Lewandowski  Boris Hochfeld  Marian Tudor  Liesbeth Vernaeve 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(8):1493-1512

Purpose

We analysed the status of current water and sediment management practices in six deltas and estuaries, which were part of the European DELTANET, INTERREG-funded network.

Materials and methods

These systems—the Danube, Ebro and Vistula deltas and the Elbe, Minho and Severn estuaries—represent different geographic regions of Europe. This enables comparison between the sites’ approaches to common coastal issues, notably those associated with sediment budgets, contamination and flood risk. Based on documentary analysis, workshop events and expert discussion, we employ a simple classification scheme to distinguish between levels of risk from these aspects.

Results

We suggest that flood risk is the most significant risk, followed by upstream sediment retention and sediment aggradation. Chemical contamination, though less severe, is not unimportant. Key management issues include a lack of environmental quality standards for sediment and suspended particulate matter, as well as the limited deployment of monitoring programmes, regular sediment sampling and associated chemical analyses.

Conclusions

These include both general and specific recommendations. Within these, the limited scope of integrated plans that aim for sustainability of the respective systems is highlighted. It is suggested that these do not challenge traditional, classical engineering approaches sufficiently. Nor do they address the origin of many environmental problems, especially those which are closely linked to short-term political and economic priorities.  相似文献   

Comparison of acetamide and dimethylsulfoxide as cryoprotectants of European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) spermatozoa     

Kozdrowski R  Dubiel A  Noszczyk-Nowak A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2009,55(1):45-49

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acetamide on the post-thaw properties of hare semen and to perform an AI trial with frozen-thawed semen. Semen was collected under general anaesthesia by the electroejaculation method from 6 males. Immediately after collection, the semen was diluted with an extender containing the following components: 250 mM Tris, 80 mM citric acid, 70 mM glucose, 1.0 M DMSO, egg yolk (17% v/v) and kanamycin (80 mg/l); this extender was used for Protocol I (n=17). In Protocol II (n=15), the DMSO was replaced with 1.0 M acetamide. Immediately after thawing and after incubation for 90 and 180 min at 37 C, the properties of semen were evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis, and the percentage of viable, acrosome intact spermatozoa was evaluated using flow cytometry. During the 3-h incubation, the percentages of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa with progressive motility were significantly higher in Protocol I (P<0.01). Immediately after thawing, path and straight velocity were significantly higher in Protocol I (P<0.01), as was the curvilinear velocity (P<0.05). The amplitude of lateral head displacement was higher after 3-h incubation in Protocol I (P<0.05), and no differences in beat cross frequency were found between Protocol I and II at any incubation time. The percentage of viable, acrosome intact spermatozoa determined with flow cytometry was higher in Protocol I (P<0.01) at all incubation times. As a result of artificial insemination with the semen frozen with DMSO as a cryoprotectant, two out of three inseminated females delivered two healthy young each. Following artificial insemination with the semen frozen with acetamide as a cryoprotectant, two out of three inseminated females delivered one healthy young each. On the basis of the results, it should be stated that DMSO ensures better post-thaw properties of hare spermatozoa than acetamide.  相似文献   

Tree reactions and dune movements: Slowinski National Park,Poland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Marcin Koprowski  Vanessa Winchester  Andrzej Zielski 《CATENA》2010

The effects on tree growth of both climatic and non-climatic variables were investigated in relation to dune dynamics at three sites on the Czolpinska dune in the Slowinski National Park, Poland where aeolian sediments are invading a forest of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We found that where dune advance was relatively rapid, tree vitality declined after stem burial was over 1.9 m, but where advance was under 1 m/yr survival was remarkably increased, one tree survived, albeit with thinning needles, after an estimated 11.4 m burial. Below sand-surface stem discs, cut 0.5 m apart, from a heavily suppressed tree revealed a difference in narrow-ring reactions of up to 2 years over a 2 m burial distance; the discs also showed a time lag of 4 years before compression wood formation. Consequently, when estimating sand-movement rates we discounted compression wood reactions; we also excluded climatic events and pest infestations. The remaining data supplied a sand-advance rate at Site 1 from 2.4 to 3.5 m/yr. At Site 2, rates were from 1.2 to 2.5 m/yr, with a direct measurement of 0.3 m/yr between 2006 and 2007. At Site 3 rates were from 0.3 to 1.2 m/yr, with dune migration here virtually at a standstill over the last seven years. Direct measurement of sand movement (3.03 m/yr) at Site 1 was slower than the lowest rate (3.5 m/yr) previously recorded by Borówka (1980) for the larger dune system.  相似文献   

The influence of \upbeta-hydroxy- \upbeta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on cell-mediated immunity in tench Tinca tinca (L.): in vitro and in vivo study     

Andrzej K. Siwicki  Zdzisław Zakęś  John C. Fuller Jr  Steven Nissen  Krzysztof Kazuń  Edward Głąbski 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):153-161

$\upbeta$ -Hydroxy- $\upbeta$ -methyl butyrate (HMB) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive fish production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo effect of HMB on the immunocompetence cell activity in tench Tinca tinca (L.) was examined. In the in vitro study pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (RPMI-1640) containing 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 or $100\,\upmu$ g HMB cm^?3 of medium. The effects of HMB on the respiratory burst activity (RBA), the potential killing activity (PKA) and lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The in vitro study showed that HMB increased the RBA and PKA of the phagocytes, compared to the medium over that of cells grown without HMB. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by ConA and LPS was also increased approximately when HMB was added to the culture medium at concentrations between 10 and $100\,\upmu$ g HMB cm^?3. In the in vivo study fish were fed daily with pellets containing HMB at doses 0, 10, 25 and 50 mg kg^?1 body weight day^?1. The study showed that HMB statistically increased the RBA and PKA and highest activity at 50 mg kg^?1 body weight day^?1 were observed. Also lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by ConA and LPS were maximally stimulated at dose 50 mg kg^?1 body weight day^?1. In conclusion, the current study shows that HMB could potentially improve immunocompetence cell activity in tench through increased cell proliferation and functionality.  相似文献   

Effect of mechanical damage on vigor,physiological parameters,and susceptibility of oat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena sativa)</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium culmorum</Emphasis> infection     

Tomasz Warzecha  Andrzej Zieliński  Edyta Skrzypek  Tomasz Wójtowicz  Maria Moś 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(1):29-36

Vigor and selected physiological parameters (content of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids) of eight naked and two husked oat cultivars harvested at 15% moisture content were determined. Oat seeds were threshed using two rotational speeds of the threshing drum: 1.6 m s⁻¹ (LS) and 2.4 m s⁻¹ (HS). They were then inoculated with a medium pathogenicity strain of Fusarium culmorum, strain IPO 348–01. In naked cultivars, the use of HS resulted in more severe mechanical damage; in consequence, seedling vigor decreased by 16%. In naked cultivars chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids content were significantly reduced—by more than 64%—when the HS was used. The inoculation caused over a 100% increase of carbohydrates in roots at LS but only a slight increase at HS. Phenolic compound content was twice as high in roots than in leaves after inoculation for both LS and HS. Area of microdamage and reduction of root fresh weight (f.wt.) are significantly correlated with biochemical parameters. Smaller microdamage area and root f.wt. reduction are connected with higher physiological parameters, which confirms lower seedling susceptibility to pathogen infection.  相似文献   

Thermal stability of 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid in aqueous solutions at different heating conditions     

Dawidowicz AL  Typek R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12578-12584

Chlorogenic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in all higher plants. This component, being the ester of caffeic acid with quinic acid, is an important biosynthetic intermediate and plays an important role in the plant's response to stress. Potential uses of chlorogenic acid are suggested in pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, feed additives, and cosmetics due to its recently discovered biomedical activity. This finding caused new interest in chlorogenic acid properties, its isomers, and its natural occurrence. It has been found that as many as nine compounds (chlorogenic acid derivatives and its reaction product with water) can be formed from 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid during the heating of its water solution. Three of them, two hydroxylated 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, have been not reported, yet. The amount of each formed component depends on the heating time and temperature. The presented results are important for researchers investigating plant metabolism and looking for new plant components. The transformation product can be mistakenly treated as a new component, not found before in the examined plant, or can be a cause of erroneous quantitative estimations of plant composition.  相似文献