Aluminium uptake by roots of rye seedlings of differing tolerance to aluminium toxicity     

Andrzej Anioł 《Euphytica》1996,92(1-2):155-162

Summary The aluminium accumulation pattern was studied in roots and root tips of rye seedlings from two inbred lines, differing in Al-tolerance and their F₁ hybrid.This investigations were undertaken in order to find whether the mechanism preventing root tips from to high Al-accumulation and damage to apical meristem observed in Al-tolerant isoline of wheat is also operating in rye. Al-uptake into the root tissue was studied in nutrient solution experiments during 24 h of incubation in solution containing aluminium. After Al-incubation roots were harvested, separated into root tips and basal parts, and aluminium content in root tissue was determined after wet digestion using catechol violet colorimetric method. It was found, that at low external Al-concentration in rye roots the mechanism preventing root tips from Al-accumulation and Al-damage operates, similarly as in Al-tolerant wheat isoline. But contrary to wheat in rye seedlings functioning of this mechanism was observed in both Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive lines. It is concluded that observed mechanism of the inhibition of Al-accumulation in apical part of roots plays much more important role in Al-tolerance mechanism in wheat than in rye.Abbreviations EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - NIL near-isogenic line  相似文献   

Cultivar-specific dinitrogen fixation in Vicia faba studied with the nitrogen-15 natural abundance method     

S. Kilian  P. von Berswordt-Wallrabe  H. Steele  D. Werner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,33(5):358-364

N fixation by different faba bean (Vicia faba) cultivars was studied using the natural abundance method. The delta ¹⁵N ('¹⁵N) values of the faba beans and the reference plants differed by 4.6-7.0‰. The non-nodulating V. faba cv. F48 seems to be the best reference plant for nodulated and N₂-fixing V. faba. Significant differences occurred in the quantity of N₂ fixation of six V. faba cultivars. The average fraction of N derived from air (FNdfa) estimated from leaf material ranged between 69 and 80%. Shoot-based estimates of N fixation varied between 200 and 360 kg N ha^-1. N fixation was affected more by differences in FNdfa than by differences in total N accumulation. Fixation data calculated with the non-nodulated reference plant V. faba cv. F48 were lower than those calculated with cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as reference plants. Of all reference plants, non-N₂-fixing V. faba cv. F48 has a root system and temporal pattern of N assimilation that is the one most similar to that of N₂-fixing V. faba plants. Cv. F48 showed senescence as did the other V. faba cultivars after pod-fill was complete, whereas cabbage, ryegrass and camomile had a later senescence period. N fixation during pod-filling appears more important for a good yield than N₂ fixation abilities in the earlier growth period. The best V. faba cultivars left about 100 kg N ha^-1 in residual material on the field as fertilization for the following crops.  相似文献   

Why asparagine needs carbohydrates to generate acrylamide   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Yaylayan VA  Wnorowski A  Perez Locas C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(6):1753-1757

Structural considerations dictate that asparagine alone may be converted thermally into acrylamide through decarboxylation and deamination reactions. However, the main product of the thermal decomposition of asparagine was maleimide, mainly due to the fast intramolecular cyclization reaction that prevents the formation of acrylamide. On the other hand, asparagine, in the presence of reducing sugars, was able to generate acrylamide in addition to maleimide. Model reactions were performed using FTIR analysis, and labeling studies were carried out using pyrolysis-GC/MS as an integrated reaction, separation, and identification system to investigate the role of reducing sugars. The data have indicated that a decarboxylated Amadori product of asparagine with reducing sugars is the key precursor of acrylamide. Furthermore, the decarboxylated Amadori product can be formed under mild conditions through the intramolecular cyclization of the initial Schiff base and formation of oxazolidin-5-one. The low-energy decarboxylation of this intermediate makes it possible to bypass the cyclization reaction, which is in competition with thermally induced decarboxylation, and hence promote the formation of acrylamide in carbohydrate/asparagine mixtures. Although the decarboxylated Amadori compound can be formed under mild conditions, it requires elevated temperatures to cleave the carbon-nitrogen covalent bond and produce acrylamide.  相似文献   

Field Data of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations in Urban and Mountain Air in Southwestern Poland     

Sówka  Izabela  Zwoździak  Jerzy  Zwoździak  Anna  Szczurek  Andrzej 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,155(1-4):321-338

The concentrations of ambient gas-phase hydrogen peroxide were measured during the summer of 1998, 1999 and 2000. The experiments were performed in the city of Wroclaw and in the vicinity of Mount Szrenica, 1362 m a.s.l., Poland. Analysis was carried out by the chemiluminescence method. Typical mean ranges of 30 min H₂O₂ concentrations measured were 1.4–6.0 μg m^-3 at Mount Szrenica, whereas in the urban atmosphere H₂O₂ concentrations were in the range of 2.7–11.7 μg m^-3. In the case of the urban atmosphere, H₂O₂ concentrations were well correlated only with solar radiation and temperature. In the mountain air, H₂O₂ concentrations increased along with the increase of temperature, O₃, CO and the decrease of humidity. The diurnal variation was not only caused by photochemicalprocesses.  相似文献   

The taxonomy of Protura present status and future problems: Proceedings of the Xth international Colloquium on Apterygota, České Budějovice 2000: Apterygota at the Beginning of the Third Millennium     

Andrzej Szeptycki   《Pedobiologia》2002,46(3-4)

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Distribution of Protura along an urban gradient in Vienna     

Erhard Christian  Andrzej Szeptycki 《Pedobiologia》2004,48(5-6):445-452

In the first study of the Protura of a big city, six representative habitat types were sampled in Vienna, Austria. Twenty-five sites between the green belt and the city centre yielded 42 known species. Abundance, species number and diversity were highest in colline deciduous forests, with a maximum of 23 syntopic species in a Quercus pubescens stand. Acerella muscorum, all of the five Acerentomon spp. and 13 further species occurred exclusively in colline deciduous forests. The mediterranean Berberentulus berberus and six other species were recorded exclusively in parks or artificial habitats, suggesting anthropogenic transport. No Protura were found in garden and arable soils. Species density in the municipal area of Vienna (415 km²) is a function of the city's biogeographic situation on the border between the Alps and the Pannonian lowland as well as its diversity of seminatural habitats, and unintentional introduction.  相似文献   

Organic matter effects on phosphorus sorption in sandy soils     

Magdalena Debicka  Andrzej Kocowicz  Jerzy Weber  Elżbieta Jamroz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(6):840-855

Phosphorus (P) sorption processes in soils contribute to important problems in agriculture: a deficiency of this plant nutrient and eutrophication in aquatic systems. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a major role in sorption processes, but its influence on P sorption remains unclear and needs to be elucidated to improve the ability to effectively manage soil P. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of SOM on P sorption. The study was conducted in sandy soil profiles and in topsoils before and after removal of SOM with H₂O₂. The results were interpreted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Our results indicated that SOM affected P sorption in sandy soils, but that P sorption also depended on specific soil properties (e.g. values of the degree of P saturation (DPS), P sorption capacity (PSC) and pH) often related to land use. Removal of SOM decreased PSC in most of the topsoils tested; other soil properties became important in controlling P sorption. An increase in P desorption observed after SOM removal indicated that SOM was potentially that soil constituent which increased P binding and limited P leaching from these sandy soils.  相似文献   

Differences in C and N release from Alliaria petiolata leaves and stems: consequences for nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems     

Rawlik  Katarzyna  Jagodziński  Andrzej M. 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(5):769-778

European Journal of Forest Research - Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. et Grande) is a widespread forest edge plant species in the European temperate zone and also one of the most...  相似文献   

Impact of lactation on pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in goats     

Tae-Won Kim  Irene Sartini  Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska  Andrzej Lisowski  Amnart Poapolathep  Mario Giorgi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(1):13-18

Use of drug in lactating animal should be carefully considered due to its possibility of changes in pharmacokinetics as well as drug penetration in milk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lactation on pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after IV and IM administrations in goats. A crossover design (2 × 2) was used for each lactating and nonlactating group of goats with a 3-week washout period. Meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) was administered into the jugular vein and upper gluteal muscle by IV and IM routes, respectively. The plasma and milk drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector, and the pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out by noncompartmental analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam in lactating and nonlactating goats were not significantly different. The IM bioavailability of meloxicam was relatively lower in lactating (75.3 ± 18.6%) than nonlactating goats (103.8 ± 34.7%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, AUC ratio between milk and plasma, which represent drug milk penetration, for both IV and IM administrations was less than 1 (about 0.3). In conclusion, pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam are not significantly altered by lactation for either the IV or IM routes of administration and this drug does not require a different dosage regimen for lactating animals.  相似文献   

Selected leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and uterine washings in cows before and after intrauterine administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol     

Piotr Brodzki  Urszula Lisiecka  Adam Brodzki  Leszek Krakowski  Marek Szczubia&#x;  Roman D&#x;browski  Andrzej Junkuszew  Mariola Bochniarz 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the selected lymphocyte subpopulations TCD4, TCD8, BCD21, BCD25, CD18, CD11b, and MHC II in blood and uterine flush of cows with endometritis, before and after intrauterine (i.u.) administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol. The research was carried out on 28 cows with clinical endometritis. Animals were divided into four groups, each composed of seven cows, depending on the i.u. preparation used: Group A, cefapirin; Group B, methisoprinol; Group C, cefapirin and methisoprinol simultaneously; and a control group—without medication. The study was performed using flow cytometry method. Summarizing the results of the research, i.u. infusion of cefapirin caused a weakening of the effector phase of the local uterine immune response; however, it enhanced leukocyte chemotaxis and antigen presentation. After i.u. administration of methisoprinol, the stimulation of specific uterine immunity mechanisms was mainly observed. The use of both mentioned preparations showed the strengthening of specific uterine immunological mechanisms presumably caused by methisoprinol, despite the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic. Intrauterine use of immunostimulatory substances can improve the effectiveness of the endometritis treatment in cows by improving specific local mechanisms of uterine immunity. As a consequence, it may enhance the effector function of immune competent cells and finally eliminate inflammation.  相似文献